Ubuntu的设置

1 年 ago

文, 翔

2 minutes

Ubuntu的初始设置

这次我打算搭建GCE并学习Ubuntu。

使用Ubuntu时应该做的事情

检查防火墙

确认安装时的软件包信息

使用dpkg命令来检查所有软件包。

$ dpkg -l | more

||/ Name                            Version                                 Architecture Description
+++-===============================-=======================================-============-======================
==========================================================
ii  adduser                         3.118ubuntu5                            all          add and remove users a
nd groups
ii  apparmor                        3.0.4-2ubuntu2.1                        amd64        user-space parser util
ity for AppArmor
ii  apport                          2.20.11-0ubuntu82.1                     all          automatically generate
 crash reports for debugging
ii  apt                             2.4.6                                   amd64        commandline package ma
nager
ii  base-files                      12ubuntu4.2                             amd64        Debian base system mis
cellaneous files
ii  base-passwd                     3.5.52build1                            amd64        Debian base system mas
ter password and group files
--More--

进行更新

在Ubuntu中进行常规的错误修复和功能改进，并通过软件源提供这些更新。首先，您需要更新本地管理的软件包索引，然后进行系统更新。

$ sudo apt update

然后会显示如下内容。

Hit:1 http://asia-northeast1.gce.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:2 http://asia-northeast1.gce.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:3 http://asia-northeast1.gce.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [99.8 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]                
Fetched 324 kB in 1s (256 kB/s)    
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
2 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

接下来，安装包索引中所列的库。

$ sudo apt upgrade

如果没有特别要安装的东西，就会显示如下内容。

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  eject libatasmart4 libblockdev-fs2 libblockdev-loop2 libblockdev-part-err2 libblockdev-part2 libblockdev-swap2 libblockdev-utils2 libblockdev2
  libnspr4 libnss3 libntfs-3g89 libparted-fs-resize0 libudisks2-0 ntfs-3g
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages have been kept back:
  python3-distupgrade ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.

进行AppArmor状态确认

查看所有服务的状态。

$ systemctl

确认AppArmor的当前状态

$ systemctl status apparmor.service

以下展示如下。

● apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apparmor.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (exited) since Sun 2022-08-07 07:49:44 UTC; 5h 36min ago
       Docs: man:apparmor(7)
             https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/wikis/home/
   Main PID: 292 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 1.324s

Aug 07 07:49:43 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting Load AppArmor profiles...
Aug 07 07:49:43 ubuntu apparmor.systemd[292]: Restarting AppArmor
Aug 07 07:49:43 ubuntu apparmor.systemd[292]: Reloading AppArmor profiles
Aug 07 07:49:44 ubuntu apparmor.systemd[327]: Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd
Aug 07 07:49:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Finished Load AppArmor profiles.

确认防火墙

由于Ubuntu的默认状态下没有安装firewalld，因此需要使用以下命令进行安装。

$ sudo apt install firewalld

请确认是否通过以下命令启动。

$ sudo ufw status

因为最初的GCE中没有安装ufw，所以通过下面的命令进行安装。

$ sudo apt install ufw

如果是非活跃的情况，可以接受。