RPM命令备忘录
RPM命令备忘录
我正在学习红帽Linux，并将RPM命令作为备忘录记下来，因为我经常忘记。
1. 显示所有软件包的rpm -qa命令
vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -qa
libunistring-0.9.9-3.el8.x86_64
libsss_certmap-2.2.3-20.el8.x86_64
bzip2-1.0.6-26.el8.x86_64
virt-what-1.18-6.el8.x86_64
xkeyboard-config-2.28-1.el8.noarch
...
2. 用 “rpm -qf <文件名>” 命令来查找目标文件所属的软件包。
[vagrant@rhel8 scratch]$ rpm -qf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx-1.14.1-9.module+el8.0.0+4108+af250afe.x86_64
3. 使用rpm -q 命令来显示包的版本
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -q ansible
ansible-2.9.10-1.el8.noarch
4. 使用rpm -qi 命令查看软件包的详细信息。
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -qi ansible
Name : ansible
Version : 2.9.10
Release : 1.el8
Architecture: noarch
Install Date: Tue Jun 23 21:19:24 2020
Group : Unspecified
Size : 102332126
License : GPLv3+
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Fri Jun 19 05:08:18 2020, Key ID 21ea45ab2f86d6a1
Source RPM : ansible-2.9.10-1.el8.src.rpm
Build Date : Fri Jun 19 03:20:14 2020
Build Host : buildvm-ppc64le-14.iad2.fedoraproject.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : Fedora Project
Vendor : Fedora Project
URL : http://ansible.com
Bug URL : https://bugz.fedoraproject.org/ansible
Summary : SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task execution system
Description :
Ansible is a radically simple model-driven configuration management,
multi-node deployment, and remote task execution system. Ansible works
over SSH and does not require any software or daemons to be installed
on remote nodes. Extension modules can be written in any language and
are transferred to managed machines automatically.
5. 以rpm -ql <软件包>的方式来展示已安装的文件。
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -ql ansible
/etc/ansible
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
/etc/ansible/hosts
/etc/ansible/roles
/usr/bin/ansible
/usr/bin/ansible-config
/usr/bin/ansible-connection
/usr/bin/ansible-console
/usr/bin/ansible-doc
...
6. 显示与<软件包>相关的配置文件。
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -qc ansible
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
/etc/ansible/hosts
7. rpm -qd 显示与包裹相关的文档
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -qd ansible
/usr/share/doc/ansible/CHANGELOG-v2.9.rst
/usr/share/doc/ansible/PKG-INFO
/usr/share/doc/ansible/README.rst
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-config.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-console.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-doc.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-galaxy.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-inventory.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-playbook.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-pull.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-vault.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible.1.gz
8. rpm -q –scripts 显示在安装和卸载软件包之前后执行的脚本。
(Chinese translation: 8. rpm -q –scripts hé zhī de 。)
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -q --scripts nginx
postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then
# Initial installation
systemctl --no-reload preset nginx.service &>/dev/null || :
fi
preuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
# Package removal, not upgrade
systemctl --no-reload disable --now nginx.service &>/dev/null || :
fi
postuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ $1 -ge 1 ]; then
/usr/bin/nginx-upgrade >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
fi
显示软件包的变更历史，使用rpm -q –changelog命令。
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ rpm -q --changelog ansible
* Thu Jun 18 2020 Kevin Fenzi <kevin@scrye.com> - 2.9.10-1
- Update to 2.9.10.
* Tue May 12 2020 Kevin Fenzi <kevin@scrye.com> - 2.9.9-1
- Update to 2.9.9. Fixes bug #1834582
- Fixes gathering facts on f32+ bug #1832625
* Sat Apr 18 2020 Kevin Fenzi <kevin@scrye.com> - 2.9.7-1
- Update to 2.9.7.
- fixes CVE-2020-1733 CVE-2020-1735 CVE-2020-1740 CVE-2020-1746 CVE-2020-1753 CVE-2020-10684 CVE-2020-10685 CVE-2020-10691
- Drop the -s from the shebang to allow ansible to use locally installed modules.
...
使用rpm -ivh 命令安装目标文件的软件包。
如果不先安装有依赖关系的软件包，就会出现错误。
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh nmap-7.70-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:nmap-2:7.70-5.el8 ################################# [100%]
使用yumdownloader命令下载<包名>的RPM文件。
[vagrant@rhel8 ~]$ yumdownloader nginx
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
2020-06-23 21:28:10,301 [ERROR] yumdownloader:3139:MainThread @logutil.py:194 - [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log' - Further logging output will be written to stderr
Not root, Subscription Management repositories not updated
Last metadata expiration check: 0:09:45 ago on Tue Jun 23 21:18:25 2020.
nginx-1.14.1-9.module+el8.0.0+4108+af250afe.x86_64.rpm 913 kB/s | 570 kB 00:00
使用rpm2cpio命令将文件展开，并将文件放置在展开的文件夹中。
如果您想查看详细信息，请在最后一个选项中添加v，并执行rpm2cpio | cpio -idv。
[vagrant@rhel8 scratch]$ rpm2cpio ansible-2.9.10-1.el8.noarch.rpm | cpio -id
207302 blocks
[vagrant@rhel8 scratch]$ ls -l
total 17688
-rw-rw-r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 18108720 Jun 23 21:22 ansible-2.9.10-1.el8.noarch.rpm
drwxrwxr-x. 3 vagrant vagrant 21 Jun 23 21:32 etc
drwxrwxr-x. 5 vagrant vagrant 41 Jun 23 21:32 usr
将文件转换为cpio格式并解压，然后将符合検索文字的RPM文件解压到指定文件夹中。
若想查看詳細內容，只需在最後的選項中加上v，然後執行rpm2cpio | cpio -id “<搜尋字詞>”即可。
[vagrant@rhel8 scratch]$ rpm2cpio ansible-2.9.10-1.el8.noarch.rpm | cpio -idv "*txt"
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible-2.9.10-py3.6.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible-2.9.10-py3.6.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible-2.9.10-py3.6.egg-info/requires.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible-2.9.10-py3.6.egg-info/top_level.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/completion/docker.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/completion/network.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/completion/remote.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/completion/windows.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/ansible-test.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/constraints.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/coverage.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.aws.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.azure.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.cs.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.hcloud.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.nios.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.opennebula.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.openshift.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.cloud.vcenter.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/integration.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/network-integration.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/sanity.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/units.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/requirements/windows-integration.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/sanity/pep8/current-ignore.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/sanity/rstcheck/ignore-substitutions.txt
./usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_test/_data/sanity/shellcheck/exclude.txt
207302 blocks
[vagrant@rhel8 scratch]$ ls -l
total 17688
-rw-rw-r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 18108720 Jun 23 21:22 ansible-2.9.10-1.el8.noarch.rpm
drwxrwxr-x. 3 vagrant vagrant 17 Jun 23 21:33 usr
