开始学习《实践Rust编程入门》（第9天）第5-1节Web框架的设置，参见第190页
在Ubuntu 18.04上配置Apache 2的反向代理，并运行actix-web应用程序。
Vagrantfile: Vagrant文件
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/bionic64"
# apache2
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# actix-web
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 8090, host: 8090, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.synced_folder "./data", "/vagrant_data"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
vb.memory = "2048"
end
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
apt-get update
# To solve the issue of "vagrant@127.0.0.1: permission denied (publickey)."
sudo sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config; \
sudo systemctl restart sshd;
apt install -y apache2
# cargo install cargo-editの中で使うパッケージをインストールする。
apt install -y gcc libssl-dev
SHELL
end
在安装cargo-edit时遇到问题。
在Windows系统上只需一步即可完成，但在Ubuntu上则需要安装和配置各种东西。
安装rustup。在中间选项中选择默认(1)即可。
$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
当安装了rustup时, 配置了运行cargo所需的路径设置在~/.profile中。只是添加了该设置，因此需要执行source ~/.profile或重新登录才能生效。
export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH"
安装cargo-edit
我遇到了问题。原因是Ubuntu安装了openssl库的位置与cargo-edit的预期不同。
由于以下软件包需在安装 cargo-edit 之前安装（在 Vagrantfile 中已经记录了），因此请安装。
$ sudo apt install -y gcc libssl-dev
请确认在哪个位置和哪个文件被安装了。
$ dpkg -L libssl-dev
/.
/usr
/usr/include
/usr/include/openssl
/usr/include/openssl/aes.h
/usr/include/openssl/asn1.h
/usr/include/openssl/asn1_mac.h
/usr/include/openssl/asn1err.h
/usr/include/openssl/asn1t.h
/usr/include/openssl/async.h
/usr/include/openssl/asyncerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/bio.h
/usr/include/openssl/bioerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/blowfish.h
/usr/include/openssl/bn.h
/usr/include/openssl/bnerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/buffer.h
/usr/include/openssl/buffererr.h
/usr/include/openssl/camellia.h
/usr/include/openssl/cast.h
/usr/include/openssl/cmac.h
/usr/include/openssl/cms.h
/usr/include/openssl/cmserr.h
/usr/include/openssl/comp.h
/usr/include/openssl/comperr.h
/usr/include/openssl/conf.h
/usr/include/openssl/conf_api.h
/usr/include/openssl/conferr.h
/usr/include/openssl/crypto.h
/usr/include/openssl/cryptoerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/ct.h
/usr/include/openssl/cterr.h
/usr/include/openssl/des.h
/usr/include/openssl/dh.h
/usr/include/openssl/dherr.h
/usr/include/openssl/dsa.h
/usr/include/openssl/dsaerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/dtls1.h
/usr/include/openssl/e_os2.h
/usr/include/openssl/ebcdic.h
/usr/include/openssl/ec.h
/usr/include/openssl/ecdh.h
/usr/include/openssl/ecdsa.h
/usr/include/openssl/ecerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/engine.h
/usr/include/openssl/engineerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/err.h
/usr/include/openssl/evp.h
/usr/include/openssl/evperr.h
/usr/include/openssl/hmac.h
/usr/include/openssl/idea.h
/usr/include/openssl/kdf.h
/usr/include/openssl/kdferr.h
/usr/include/openssl/lhash.h
/usr/include/openssl/md2.h
/usr/include/openssl/md4.h
/usr/include/openssl/md5.h
/usr/include/openssl/mdc2.h
/usr/include/openssl/modes.h
/usr/include/openssl/obj_mac.h
/usr/include/openssl/objects.h
/usr/include/openssl/objectserr.h
/usr/include/openssl/ocsp.h
/usr/include/openssl/ocsperr.h
/usr/include/openssl/opensslv.h
/usr/include/openssl/ossl_typ.h
/usr/include/openssl/pem.h
/usr/include/openssl/pem2.h
/usr/include/openssl/pemerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/pkcs12.h
/usr/include/openssl/pkcs12err.h
/usr/include/openssl/pkcs7.h
/usr/include/openssl/pkcs7err.h
/usr/include/openssl/rand.h
/usr/include/openssl/rand_drbg.h
/usr/include/openssl/randerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/rc2.h
/usr/include/openssl/rc4.h
/usr/include/openssl/rc5.h
/usr/include/openssl/ripemd.h
/usr/include/openssl/rsa.h
/usr/include/openssl/rsaerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/safestack.h
/usr/include/openssl/seed.h
/usr/include/openssl/sha.h
/usr/include/openssl/srp.h
/usr/include/openssl/srtp.h
/usr/include/openssl/ssl.h
/usr/include/openssl/ssl2.h
/usr/include/openssl/ssl3.h
/usr/include/openssl/sslerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/stack.h
/usr/include/openssl/store.h
/usr/include/openssl/storeerr.h
/usr/include/openssl/symhacks.h
/usr/include/openssl/tls1.h
/usr/include/openssl/ts.h
/usr/include/openssl/tserr.h
/usr/include/openssl/txt_db.h
/usr/include/openssl/ui.h
/usr/include/openssl/uierr.h
/usr/include/openssl/whrlpool.h
/usr/include/openssl/x509.h
/usr/include/openssl/x509_vfy.h
/usr/include/openssl/x509err.h
/usr/include/openssl/x509v3.h
/usr/include/openssl/x509v3err.h
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/openssl
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/openssl/opensslconf.h
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/libcrypto.pc
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/libssl.pc
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/openssl.pc
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/libssl-dev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so
/usr/share/doc/libssl-dev/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/libssl-dev/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/libssl-dev/copyright
由于’cargo-edit’使用OPENSSL_DIR环境变量指定的目录下的lib和include目录，所以进行链接。
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ /usr/lib/ssl/lib
sudo ln -sf /usr/include/openssl /usr/lib/ssl/include
另外，在~/.profile文件中设置OPENSSL_DIR。
export OPENSSL_DIR="/usr/lib/ssl"
重新加载.profile文件并确认环境变量的设置。
$ source ~/.profile
$ env | grep OPENSSL_DIR
OPENSSL_DIR=/usr/lib/ssl
安装Cargo Edit。在我的机器上大约花了将近13分钟。
$ cargo install cargo-edit
Updating crates.io index
Installing cargo-edit v0.6.0
Compiling libc v0.2.76
Compiling autocfg v1.0.1
Compiling cfg-if v0.1.10
Compiling pkg-config v0.3.18
Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.20
Compiling unicode-xid v0.2.1
Compiling version_check v0.9.2
Compiling syn v1.0.40
Compiling log v0.4.11
Compiling memchr v2.3.3
Compiling lazy_static v1.4.0
Compiling bitflags v1.2.1
Compiling itoa v0.4.6
Compiling bytes v0.5.6
Compiling fnv v1.0.7
Compiling slab v0.4.2
Compiling futures-core v0.3.5
Compiling serde v1.0.115
Compiling pin-project-internal v0.4.23
Compiling pin-project-lite v0.1.7
Compiling matches v0.1.8
Compiling tinyvec v0.3.4
Compiling foreign-types-shared v0.1.1
Compiling openssl v0.10.30
Compiling once_cell v1.4.1
Compiling futures-sink v0.3.5
Compiling futures-io v0.3.5
Compiling percent-encoding v2.1.0
Compiling pin-utils v0.1.0
Compiling openssl-probe v0.1.2
Compiling httparse v1.3.4
Compiling hashbrown v0.9.0
Compiling native-tls v0.2.4
Compiling byteorder v1.3.4
Compiling ryu v1.0.5
Compiling try-lock v0.2.3
Compiling gimli v0.22.0
Compiling adler v0.2.3
Compiling rustc-demangle v0.1.16
Compiling serde_derive v1.0.115
Compiling unicode-width v0.1.8
Compiling tower-service v0.3.0
Compiling failure_derive v0.1.8
Compiling void v1.0.2
Compiling unicode-segmentation v1.6.0
Compiling object v0.20.0
Compiling serde_json v1.0.57
Compiling encoding_rs v0.8.24
Compiling strsim v0.8.0
Compiling dtoa v0.4.6
Compiling either v1.6.0
Compiling vec_map v0.8.2
Compiling ansi_term v0.11.0
Compiling semver-parser v0.7.0
Compiling mime v0.3.16
Compiling ascii v0.9.3
Compiling base64 v0.12.3
Compiling regex-syntax v0.6.18
Compiling linked-hash-map v0.5.3
Compiling ipnet v2.3.0
Compiling termcolor v1.1.0
Compiling hex v0.4.2
Compiling indexmap v1.6.0
Compiling num-traits v0.2.12
Compiling num-integer v0.1.43
Compiling unicase v2.6.0
Compiling proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
Compiling proc-macro-error v1.0.4
Compiling error-chain v0.12.4
Compiling tracing-core v0.1.16
Compiling thread_local v1.0.1
Compiling http v0.2.1
Compiling futures-channel v0.3.5
Compiling unicode-bidi v0.3.4
Compiling unicode-normalization v0.1.13
Compiling foreign-types v0.3.2
Compiling futures-task v0.3.5
Compiling miniz_oxide v0.4.1
Compiling textwrap v0.11.0
Compiling unreachable v1.0.0
Compiling addr2line v0.13.0
Compiling heck v0.3.1
Compiling http-body v0.3.1
Compiling idna v0.2.0
Compiling quote v1.0.7
Compiling jobserver v0.1.21
Compiling net2 v0.2.35
Compiling iovec v0.1.4
Compiling num_cpus v1.13.0
Compiling time v0.1.44
Compiling socket2 v0.3.12
Compiling backtrace v0.3.50
Compiling atty v0.2.14
Compiling dirs-sys v0.3.5
Compiling subprocess v0.2.4
Compiling tracing v0.1.19
Compiling want v0.3.0
Compiling aho-corasick v0.7.13
Compiling url v2.1.1
Compiling semver v0.9.0
Compiling toml v0.5.6
Compiling combine v3.8.1
Compiling cc v1.0.59
Compiling mio v0.6.22
Compiling clap v2.33.3
Compiling dirs v2.0.2
Compiling mime_guess v2.0.3
Compiling regex v1.3.9
Compiling serde_urlencoded v0.6.1
Compiling env_proxy v0.4.1
Compiling chrono v0.4.15
Compiling synstructure v0.12.4
Compiling openssl-sys v0.9.58
Compiling libz-sys v1.1.2
Compiling libssh2-sys v0.2.19
Compiling libgit2-sys v0.12.13+1.0.1
Compiling tokio v0.2.22
Compiling toml_edit v0.1.5
Compiling structopt-derive v0.4.10
Compiling tokio-util v0.3.1
Compiling pin-project v0.4.23
Compiling cargo_metadata v0.9.1
Compiling structopt v0.3.17
Compiling failure v0.1.8
Compiling futures-util v0.3.5
Compiling h2 v0.2.6
Compiling hyper v0.13.7
Compiling tokio-tls v0.3.1
Compiling hyper-tls v0.4.3
Compiling reqwest v0.10.8
Compiling git2 v0.13.11
Compiling cargo-edit v0.6.0
Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 12m 59s
Installing /home/vagrant/.cargo/bin/cargo-add
Installing /home/vagrant/.cargo/bin/cargo-rm
Installing /home/vagrant/.cargo/bin/cargo-upgrade
Installed package `cargo-edit v0.6.0` (executables `cargo-add`, `cargo-rm`, `cargo-upgrade`)
参考p.190，启用actix-web。
$ cargo add actix-web actix-rt
Updating 'https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index' index
Adding actix-web v2.0.0 to dependencies
Adding actix-rt v1.1.1 to dependencies
使用actix-web框架的应用程序
这个源代码只是用来进行操作验证的。
use actix_web::{get, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
#[get("/")]
async fn index() -> Result<HttpResponse, actix_web::Error> {
let response_body = "Hello Rustaceans!";
Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().body(response_body))
}
#[actix_rt::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), actix_web::Error> {
HttpServer::new(move || App::new().service(index))
.bind("0.0.0.0:8090")?
.run()
.await?;
Ok(())
}
确认执行。
$ cargo run
Updating crates.io index
Downloaded actix-web-codegen v0.2.2
Downloaded arc-swap v0.4.7
Downloaded base64 v0.11.0
Downloaded brotli2 v0.3.2
Downloaded bytestring v0.1.5
Downloaded awc v1.0.1
Downloaded copyless v0.1.5
Downloaded futures v0.3.5
Downloaded futures-executor v0.3.5
Downloaded futures-macro v0.3.5
Downloaded fxhash v0.2.1
Downloaded hostname v0.3.1
Downloaded lock_api v0.4.1
Downloaded actix-web v2.0.0
Downloaded language-tags v0.2.2
Downloaded crc32fast v1.2.0
Downloaded instant v0.1.6
Downloaded match_cfg v0.1.0
Downloaded lru-cache v0.1.2
Downloaded mio-uds v0.6.8
Downloaded proc-macro-nested v0.1.6
Downloaded proc-macro-hack v0.5.18
Downloaded parking_lot v0.11.0
Downloaded quick-error v1.2.3
Downloaded parking_lot_core v0.8.0
Downloaded rand_chacha v0.2.2
Downloaded rand_core v0.5.1
Downloaded resolv-conf v0.6.3
Downloaded scopeguard v1.1.0
Downloaded signal-hook-registry v1.2.1
Downloaded smallvec v1.4.2
Downloaded trust-dns-proto v0.18.0-alpha.2
Downloaded tokio-util v0.2.0
Downloaded trust-dns-resolver v0.18.0-alpha.2
Downloaded actix-server v1.0.3
Downloaded actix-router v0.2.4
Downloaded actix-service v1.0.6
Downloaded actix-testing v1.0.1
Downloaded actix-rt v1.1.1
Downloaded actix-macros v0.1.2
Downloaded actix-connect v1.0.2
Downloaded actix-codec v0.2.0
Downloaded async-trait v0.1.40
Downloaded getrandom v0.1.14
Downloaded threadpool v1.8.1
Downloaded sha1 v0.6.0
Downloaded actix-tls v1.0.0
Downloaded actix-utils v1.0.6
Downloaded actix-threadpool v0.3.3
Downloaded ppv-lite86 v0.2.9
Downloaded enum-as-inner v0.3.3
Downloaded derive_more v0.99.9
Downloaded rand v0.7.3
Downloaded flate2 v1.0.17
Downloaded actix-http v1.0.1
Downloaded brotli-sys v0.3.2
Downloaded 56 crates (2.1 MB) in 2.46s
Compiling libc v0.2.76
Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.20
Compiling unicode-xid v0.2.1
Compiling cfg-if v0.1.10
Compiling syn v1.0.40
Compiling memchr v2.3.3
Compiling log v0.4.11
Compiling futures-core v0.3.5
Compiling slab v0.4.2
Compiling lazy_static v1.4.0
Compiling futures-sink v0.3.5
Compiling bytes v0.5.6
Compiling pin-project-internal v0.4.23
Compiling proc-macro-nested v0.1.6
Compiling proc-macro-hack v0.5.18
Compiling once_cell v1.4.1
Compiling arc-swap v0.4.7
Compiling pin-project-lite v0.1.7
Compiling futures-io v0.3.5
Compiling pin-utils v0.1.0
Compiling smallvec v1.4.2
Compiling autocfg v1.0.1
Compiling instant v0.1.6
Compiling scopeguard v1.1.0
Compiling getrandom v0.1.14
Compiling bitflags v1.2.1
Compiling matches v0.1.8
Compiling adler v0.2.3
Compiling tinyvec v0.3.4
Compiling failure_derive v0.1.8
Compiling gimli v0.22.0
Compiling itoa v0.4.6
Compiling serde_derive v1.0.115
Compiling copyless v0.1.5
Compiling rustc-demangle v0.1.16
Compiling object v0.20.0
Compiling percent-encoding v2.1.0
Compiling unicode-segmentation v1.6.0
Compiling either v1.6.0
Compiling ppv-lite86 v0.2.9
Compiling serde v1.0.115
Compiling match_cfg v0.1.0
Compiling fnv v1.0.7
Compiling cc v1.0.59
Compiling ryu v1.0.5
Compiling quick-error v1.2.3
Compiling linked-hash-map v0.5.3
Compiling byteorder v1.3.4
Compiling crc32fast v1.2.0
Compiling serde_json v1.0.57
Compiling encoding_rs v0.8.24
Compiling httparse v1.3.4
Compiling regex-syntax v0.6.18
Compiling hashbrown v0.9.0
Compiling dtoa v0.4.6
Compiling sha1 v0.6.0
Compiling mime v0.3.16
Compiling base64 v0.11.0
Compiling language-tags v0.2.2
Compiling tracing-core v0.1.16
Compiling thread_local v1.0.1
Compiling futures-channel v0.3.5
Compiling bytestring v0.1.5
Compiling futures-task v0.3.5
Compiling lock_api v0.4.1
Compiling num-traits v0.2.12
Compiling num-integer v0.1.43
Compiling indexmap v1.6.0
Compiling unicode-bidi v0.3.4
Compiling miniz_oxide v0.4.1
Compiling unicode-normalization v0.1.13
Compiling addr2line v0.13.0
Compiling heck v0.3.1
Compiling http v0.2.1
Compiling lru-cache v0.1.2
Compiling brotli-sys v0.3.2
Compiling idna v0.2.0
Compiling net2 v0.2.35
Compiling iovec v0.1.4
Compiling signal-hook-registry v1.2.1
Compiling parking_lot_core v0.8.0
Compiling num_cpus v1.13.0
Compiling socket2 v0.3.12
Compiling backtrace v0.3.50
Compiling hostname v0.3.1
Compiling time v0.1.44
Compiling quote v1.0.7
Compiling aho-corasick v0.7.13
Compiling tracing v0.1.19
Compiling fxhash v0.2.1
Compiling url v2.1.1
Compiling flate2 v1.0.17
Compiling mio v0.6.22
Compiling threadpool v1.8.1
Compiling parking_lot v0.11.0
Compiling rand_core v0.5.1
Compiling resolv-conf v0.6.3
Compiling regex v1.3.9
Compiling brotli2 v0.3.2
Compiling mio-uds v0.6.8
Compiling rand_chacha v0.2.2
Compiling synstructure v0.12.4
Compiling chrono v0.4.15
Compiling tokio v0.2.22
Compiling rand v0.7.3
Compiling futures-macro v0.3.5
Compiling derive_more v0.99.9
Compiling actix-macros v0.1.2
Compiling async-trait v0.1.40
Compiling enum-as-inner v0.3.3
Compiling actix-web-codegen v0.2.2
Compiling tokio-util v0.2.0
Compiling tokio-util v0.3.1
Compiling pin-project v0.4.23
Compiling actix-threadpool v0.3.3
Compiling failure v0.1.8
Compiling actix-codec v0.2.0
Compiling futures-util v0.3.5
Compiling futures-executor v0.3.5
Compiling actix-service v1.0.6
Compiling actix-rt v1.1.1
Compiling h2 v0.2.6
Compiling futures v0.3.5
Compiling serde_urlencoded v0.6.1
Compiling actix-router v0.2.4
Compiling actix-utils v1.0.6
Compiling trust-dns-proto v0.18.0-alpha.2
Compiling actix-server v1.0.3
Compiling actix-tls v1.0.0
Compiling actix-testing v1.0.1
Compiling trust-dns-resolver v0.18.0-alpha.2
Compiling actix-connect v1.0.2
Compiling actix-http v1.0.1
Compiling awc v1.0.1
Compiling actix-web v2.0.0
Compiling actix_test v0.1.0 (/home/vagrant/actix_test)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 3m 52s
Running `target/debug/actix_test`
直接测试actix-web的功能。直接访问8090端口。
Apache2的运行确认。8080端口。
Apache2的配置
启用模块。
$ sudo a2enmod
Your choices are: access_compat actions alias allowmethods asis auth_basic auth_digest auth_form authn_anon authn_core authn_dbd authn_dbm authn_file authn_socache authnz_fcgi authnz_ldap authz_core authz_dbd authz_dbm authz_groupfile authz_host authz_owner authz_user autoindex buffer cache cache_disk cache_socache cern_meta cgi cgid charset_lite data dav dav_fs dav_lock dbd deflate dialup dir dump_io echo env expires ext_filter file_cache filter headers heartbeat heartmonitor http2 ident imagemap include info lbmethod_bybusyness lbmethod_byrequests lbmethod_bytraffic lbmethod_heartbeat ldap log_debug log_forensic lua macro mime mime_magic mpm_event mpm_prefork mpm_worker negotiation proxy proxy_ajp proxy_balancer proxy_connect proxy_express proxy_fcgi proxy_fdpass proxy_ftp proxy_hcheck proxy_html proxy_http proxy_http2 proxy_scgi proxy_wstunnel ratelimit reflector remoteip reqtimeout request rewrite sed session session_cookie session_crypto session_dbd setenvif slotmem_plain slotmem_shm socache_dbm socache_memcache socache_shmcb speling ssl status substitute suexec unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias xml2enc
Which module(s) do you want to enable (wildcards ok)?
proxy
Enabling module proxy.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
systemctl restart apache2
$ sudo a2enmod proxy_http
Considering dependency proxy for proxy_http:
Module proxy already enabled
Enabling module proxy_http.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
systemctl restart apache2
进行反向代理设置，由于不进行转发，因此将ProxyRequests设为关闭。
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass /actix http://localhost:8090/
ProxyPassReverse /actix http://localhost:8090/
重新启动Apache2。
$ sudo service apache2 restart
来自Apachd2的actic-web操作
如果将http://localhost/main_app作为地址，就会显示主页面，
如果将http://localhost/actix作为地址，就会返回actix-web的响应。
主要应用程序的地址为http://localhost:8080/main_app。
在actix-web端通过http://localhost:8080/actix进行访问。
回顾
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- 我认真地尝试了Apache2和actix-web的整合方法。很明显，只需使用反向代理即可解决问题。
-
- 另外，我还需要探索如何通过service来管理，而不是使用cargo run命令。
- 我也要尝试使用https。
请参考以下资料：
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- ProxyRequests
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- 在Apache 2.4中配置反向代理
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- 重新了解mod_proxy- ProxyPass和ProxyPassReverse
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- 启用Ubuntu上的Apache2模块
- actix-web的HTTPS支持
