安卓导航抽屉示例教程
在本教程中,我们将在我们的Android应用程序中实现一个导航抽屉。Android导航抽屉是一个滑动菜单,它是一个重要的用户界面组件。在大多数Android应用程序中,您都会看到导航抽屉,它类似于网站上的导航菜单栏。
安卓导航抽屉 zhuó ti)
Android导航抽屉是一个左侧滑动菜单,用于显示应用程序中的重要链接。导航抽屉使得在这些链接之间导航变得简单。它默认情况下不可见,需要通过从左侧滑动或点击ActionBar中的图标来打开。从更广泛的角度来说,导航抽屉是一个覆盖面板,它替代了专门显示应用程序中所有选项和链接的活动屏幕。在这个Android导航抽屉教程中,我们将使用Android支持库中的抽屉布局API来实现导航抽屉。我们将展示可以从抽屉项中打开的3个片段视图。
Android导航抽屉项目结构
安卓导航抽屉示例
要实现导航抽屉,我们首先需要将android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout作为活动布局的根布局添加,如下所示:activity_main.xml。
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/container_toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<include
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
layout="@layout/toolbar" />
</LinearLayout>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:background="#FFFFFF"
android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
android:divider="@android:color/darker_gray"
android:dividerHeight="1dp" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
导航抽屉中的菜单选项以ListView的形式存储。每个选项在FrameLayout中打开。在这里,我们使用了一个ToolBar代替ActionBar。自Android 5.0以来,ToolBar作为ActionBar的一般化被引入。它给予我们更多控制和灵活性进行修改,并且更容易与层次结构中的其他视图交错排列。ToolBar的布局在给定的xml布局中定义,如下所示:toolbar.xml
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:local="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
local:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
local:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light" />
使用Toolbars时,我们需要在styles.xml中使用Theme Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar。下面给出了Navigation Drawer中ListView行的布局文件list_view_item_row.xml。
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="?android:attr/activatedBackgroundIndicator"
android:minHeight="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeightSmall"
android:padding="10dp" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageViewIcon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:paddingRight="10dp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewName"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/imageViewIcon"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:text="Item Name"
android:textColor="@android:color/black"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceListItemSmall"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
在strings.xml文件中,将导航抽屉项目放在一个字符串数组中,如下所示。strings.xml文件
<string-array name="navigation_drawer_items_array">
<item>Connect</item>
<item>Fixtures</item>
<item>Table</item>
</string-array>
DataModel.java类用于定义抽屉列表项的对象。
package com.Olivia.navigationdrawer;
public class DataModel {
public int icon;
public String name;
// Constructor.
public DataModel(int icon, String name) {
this.icon = icon;
this.name = name;
}
}
抽屉项以ListView的形式存储。因此,我们需要使用一个适配器类来把这些数据提供给活动类。DrawerItemCustomAdapter.java。
package com.Olivia.navigationdrawer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class DrawerItemCustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<DataModel> {
Context mContext;
int layoutResourceId;
DataModel data[] = null;
public DrawerItemCustomAdapter(Context mContext, int layoutResourceId, DataModel[] data) {
super(mContext, layoutResourceId, data);
this.layoutResourceId = layoutResourceId;
this.mContext = mContext;
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View listItem = convertView;
LayoutInflater inflater = ((Activity) mContext).getLayoutInflater();
listItem = inflater.inflate(layoutResourceId, parent, false);
ImageView imageViewIcon = (ImageView) listItem.findViewById(R.id.imageViewIcon);
TextView textViewName = (TextView) listItem.findViewById(R.id.textViewName);
DataModel folder = data[position];
imageViewIcon.setImageResource(folder.icon);
textViewName.setText(folder.name);
return listItem;
}
}
下面给出了MainActivity.java的源代码。
package com.Olivia.navigationdrawer;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String[] mNavigationDrawerItemTitles;
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private ListView mDrawerList;
Toolbar toolbar;
private CharSequence mDrawerTitle;
private CharSequence mTitle;
android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mTitle = mDrawerTitle = getTitle();
mNavigationDrawerItemTitles= getResources().getStringArray(R.array.navigation_drawer_items_array);
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);
setupToolbar();
DataModel[] drawerItem = new DataModel[3];
drawerItem[0] = new DataModel(R.drawable.connect, "Connect");
drawerItem[1] = new DataModel(R.drawable.fixtures, "Fixtures");
drawerItem[2] = new DataModel(R.drawable.table, "Table");
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(false);
getSupportActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
DrawerItemCustomAdapter adapter = new DrawerItemCustomAdapter(this, R.layout.list_view_item_row, drawerItem);
mDrawerList.setAdapter(adapter);
mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener());
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
setupDrawerToggle();
}
private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
selectItem(position);
}
}
private void selectItem(int position) {
Fragment fragment = null;
switch (position) {
case 0:
fragment = new ConnectFragment();
break;
case 1:
fragment = new FixturesFragment();
break;
case 2:
fragment = new TableFragment();
break;
default:
break;
}
if (fragment != null) {
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment).commit();
mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
mDrawerList.setSelection(position);
setTitle(mNavigationDrawerItemTitles[position]);
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
} else {
Log.e("MainActivity", "Error in creating fragment");
}
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
@Override
public void setTitle(CharSequence title) {
mTitle = title;
getSupportActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
}
@Override
protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
mDrawerToggle.syncState();
}
void setupToolbar(){
toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true);
}
void setupDrawerToggle(){
mDrawerToggle = new android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle(this,mDrawerLayout,toolbar,R.string.app_name, R.string.app_name);
//This is necessary to change the icon of the Drawer Toggle upon state change.
mDrawerToggle.syncState();
}
}
在上面的代码中,使用getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(false)来隐藏默认的返回按钮。在这段代码中,我们使用了一个DrawerItemClickListener类,通过FragmentManager加载了点击的列表项对应的碎片。还使用setTitle(mNavigationDrawerItemTitles[position])将ToolBar的标题更改为点击的列表项。以下是碎片类及其对应的布局。ConnectFragment.java
package com.Olivia.navigationdrawer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
public class ConnectFragment extends Fragment {
public ConnectFragment() {
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_connect, container, false);
return rootView;
}
}
上述片段的布局在下面定义了。fragment_connect.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/label"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginTop="100dp"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:textSize="45dp"
android:text="Connect"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
<TextView
android:layout_below="@id/label"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:text="Edit fragment_connect.xml to change the appearance"
android:id="@+id/textView2" />
</RelativeLayout>
其他两个项目的定义方式与上述的完全相同,因此我们在此处跳过不再解释。
Android导航抽屉示例输出
以下是我们导航抽屉 Android 示例应用程序生成的输出。这个结束了 Android 导航抽屉示例教程。您可以从下面的链接下载最终的 Android 导航抽屉项目。
下载Android侧滑导航栏示例项目。