使用Docker搭建Django/PostgreSQL环境

创建两个容器：Web 和 DB，其环境构建与此页面几乎相同。

搭建环境

mkdir proj01
cd proj01/

需要以下三个文件。

Dockerfile
requirements.txt
docker-compose.yml

文件夹结构

$ tree proj01
proj01
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
└── requirements.txt

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
WORKDIR /code
COPY requirements.txt /code/
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . /code/

Django>=3.0,<4.0
psycopg2>=2.8

services:
  db:
    image: postgres
    volumes:
      - ./data/db:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=postgres
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
  web:
    build: .
    command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
    volumes:
      - .:/code
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_NAME=postgres
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
    depends_on:
      - db

创建项目

docker-compose run web django-admin startproject proj01 .

执行后的文件夹结构

$ tree proj01
proj01
├── data
│   └── db [error opening dir]
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
├── manage.py
├── proj01
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── requirements.txt

在这个时候启动服务器。

docker-compose up -d

确认 Web 服务器和数据库服务器正在运行。

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
e0a8f67628b5   proj01-web   "python manage.py ru…"   9 minutes ago    Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp   proj01-web-1
271991b53965   postgres     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   11 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   5432/tcp                                    proj01-db-1

或者

$ docker-compose ps
NAME                IMAGE               COMMAND                  SERVICE             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS
proj01-db-1         postgres            "docker-entrypoint.s…"   db                  12 minutes ago      Up 9 minutes        5432/tcp
proj01-web-1        proj01-web          "python manage.py ru…"   web                 10 minutes ago      Up 9 minutes        0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp

更改文件属性

sudo chown -R uchida:uchida .

访问Web服务器

$ docker exec -it proj01-web-1 bash
root@e0a8f67628b5:/code#

访问DB服务器

$ docker exec -it proj01-db-1 bash
root@271991b53965:/#

我会尝试修改Django的程序。

我将执行与此类似的更改。
在Django中，实现Hello World。

python manage.py migrate
python manage.py startapp home

文件夹结构

$ tree -L 1 proj01
proj01
├── data
├── db.sqlite3
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
├── home
├── manage.py
├── proj01
└── requirements.txt

创建或编辑以下项目。

home/views.py
home/urls.py
proj01/settings.py
proj01/urls.py

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    str_out = "<p>Good Afternoon</p>"
    str_out += "<p>こんにちは</p>"
    str_out += "<blockquote>"
    str_out += "<p>Mar/06/2023</p>"
    str_out += "</blockquote>"
    return HttpResponse(str_out)

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include('home.urls')),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

编辑proj01/settings.py文件
添加’home’。

（省略）
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'home',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
（省略）

在浏览器中访问 http://localhost:8000/

我会尝试使用PostgreSQL。

创建用户
创建数据库
启动 psql 并选择数据库

$ docker exec -it proj01-db-1 bash
root@4c30256e6c8e:/# su postgres
postgres@4c30256e6c8e:/$ createuser scott -P
Enter password for new role: 
Enter it again: 
postgres@4c30256e6c8e:/$ createdb city
postgres@4c30256e6c8e:/$ psql
psql (13.3 (Debian 13.3-1.pgdg100+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \c city;
You are now connected to database "city" as user "postgres".
city=#

创建表格
输入数据
显示数据

city=# create table cities (id varchar(10) primary key, name text, population int, date_mod date);
CREATE TABLE
city=# insert into cities values ('t3461','広島',72814,'2001-6-14');
INSERT 0 1
city=# insert into cities values ('t3462','福山',81738,'2001-7-11');
INSERT 0 1
city=# insert into cities values ('t3463','東広島',93513,'2001-6-12');
INSERT 0 1
city=# select * from cities;
  id   |  name  | population |  date_mod  
-------+--------+------------+------------
 t3461 | 広島   |      72814 | 2001-06-14
 t3462 | 福山   |      81738 | 2001-07-11
 t3463 | 東広島 |      93513 | 2001-06-12
(3 rows)

city=#

关闭 PSQL

city=# exit
postgres@4c30256e6c8e:/$ 

在用户拥有对表的访问权限方面，有以下方式作为参考：

city=# grant all on cities to scott;
GRANT