使用containerd和kubeadm来构建kubernetes
環境
-
- ubuntu:22.0.4.1 LTS
- kubernetes:1.28.2
はじめに
本記事では、kubeadmを使用するうえでの準備が完了しているものとします。
準備については、以下の記事を書いたので参考までに。
kuberadm向けConfiguration(InitConfiguration/JoinConfiguration)の準備
今回準備したサーバーには、2つのNICがあります。おそらくデフォルトでkubernetesで使用されるNICは、Default Routeが設定されているNICを使います。
今回管理系で2つ目のNICを用意したのですが、このまま構築しようとすると、期待するNICでノード同志の通信がされなかったので、Configurationファイルを用意しkubeadm実行時に食わせようと思います。
デフォルトのコンフィグを確認
您可以使用以下命令生成init和join的默认配置。
- InitConfiguration
kubeadm config print init-defaults
bootstrapTokens:
– groups:
– system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
– signing
– authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: node
taints: null
—
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.k8s.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
- JoinConfiguration
kubeadm config print join-defaults
caCertPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
discovery:
bootstrapToken:
apiServerEndpoint: kube-apiserver:6443
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
unsafeSkipCAVerification: true
timeout: 5m0s
tlsBootstrapToken: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
kind: JoinConfiguration
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: kube-controlplane-001
taints: null
创建配置文件
根据这些进行,将在各自目标节点上创建配置文件。在这个环境中,我们创建了如下的配置。
- InitConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 172.21.0.8
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: kube-controlplane-001
taints: null
kubeletExtraArgs:
node-ip: 172.21.0.8
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.k8s.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.0
networking:
dnsDomain: example.local
serviceSubnet: 192.16.0.0/12
podSubnet: 192.168.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
- JoinConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
caCertPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
discovery:
bootstrapToken:
apiServerEndpoint: 172.21.0.8:6443
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
caCertHashes:
- sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
unsafeSkipCAVerification: true
timeout: 5m0s
tlsBootstrapToken: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
kind: JoinConfiguration
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: kube-worker-001
taints: null
kubeletExtraArgs:
node-ip: 172.21.0.18
如果尝试使用与实际主机名不同的名称注册nodeRegistration.name,会在kubeadm执行时产生以下警告,因此将其记录在hosts文件中。
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "kube-worker-001" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "kube-worker-001": lookup kube-worker-001 on 127.0.0.53:53: server misbehaving
同样,还需要单独修正discovery.bootstrapToken.caCertHashes[](详见后文)。
执行kubeadm init
それでは、先に作成したコンフィグファイルを使用してkubeadm initを実行してみます。
sudo kubeadm init --config ~/config.yaml
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ‘kubeadm config images pull’
[certs] Using certificateDir folder “/etc/kubernetes/pki”
[certs] Generating “ca” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “apiserver” certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kube-controlplane-001 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.example.local] and IPs [192.16.0.1 172.21.0.8]
[certs] Generating “apiserver-kubelet-client” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “front-proxy-ca” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “front-proxy-client” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “etcd/ca” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “etcd/server” certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [kube-controlplane-001 localhost] and IPs [172.21.0.8 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating “etcd/peer” certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [kube-controlplane-001 localhost] and IPs [172.21.0.8 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating “etcd/healthcheck-client” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “apiserver-etcd-client” certificate and key
[certs] Generating “sa” key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder “/etc/kubernetes”
[kubeconfig] Writing “admin.conf” kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing “kubelet.conf” kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing “controller-manager.conf” kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing “scheduler.conf” kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in “/etc/kubernetes/manifests”
[control-plane] Using manifest folder “/etc/kubernetes/manifests”
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for “kube-apiserver”
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for “kube-controller-manager”
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for “kube-scheduler”
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file “/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env”
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file “/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml”
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory “/etc/kubernetes/manifests”. This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 16.506164 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap “kubeadm-config” in the “kube-system” Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap “kubelet-config” in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see –upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node kube-controlplane-001 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node kube-controlplane-001 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the “cluster-info” ConfigMap in the “kube-public” namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating “/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf” to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run “kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml” with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 172.21.0.8:6443 –token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dc254f77ea2ad56f5c2e2d4db4ab3a3c4859cece253198640a2a4bc8c2b0f6a7
ここで、最終行の「sha256:」からはじまるハッシュ値が先のJoinConfigurationに必要な情報ですので、JoinConfigurationを修正してください。
caCertHashes:
- - sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+ - sha256:922084bff5a544762a8a7421938b7fe89c508e356a3943492a7e43025fcab63b
另外,如果忘记了上述哈希值的备忘录,可以通过以下命令重新输出。
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | \
openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
执行kubeadm join
それでは、ワーカーノードの準備も完了したので、クラスターに参加させてみたいと思います。
sudo kubeadm join --config ~/join_config.yaml
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster…
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with ‘kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml’
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file “/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml”
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file “/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env”
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap…
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run ‘kubectl get nodes’ on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
これでクラスターを作成することができました。
ワーカーノードを2台目以降追加する場合には、上記の手順を繰り返せばよいです。
使用kubectl的准备工作
在以后,我们将使用kubectl来管理集群,但目前还不能使用。需要进行一些连接kube-api的设置。如果再次查看上一步kubeadm init的输出日志…
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
これが、kube-apiに接続するための設定となりますので、順番に実行してください。
请确认状态。
完成上述设置后,您就可以顺利使用kubectl了。让我们试着查看已注册到集群的节点信息。
# kubectl get nodes -owide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
kube-controlplane-001 NotReady control-plane 104s v1.28.2 172.21.0.8 <none> Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS 5.15.0-88-generic containerd://1.6.24
kube-worker-001 NotReady <none> 39s v1.28.2 172.21.0.18 <none> Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS 5.15.0-88-generic containerd://1.6.24
通过这个,集群已经创建完成。虽然 “STATUS” 状态是 “NotReady”,但通过安装 CNI 插件,集群将顺利转变为 “Ready” 状态。
以下对于「HostName」、「INTERNAL-IP」和「EXTERNAL-IP」有解释。
主机名: 是由节点内核传递的主机名。
外部IP:通常是可通过路由访问的节点的IP地址(可以从集群外访问)。
内部IP:通常是只在集群内可进行路由的节点的IP地址。
这次就到这里吧。
下一步,我们将使用Calico来引入CNI插件。