有两种方法来安装Node，yum的奇怪行为
环境 is a word in Chinese.
环境：云服务器（EC2）
操作系统：亚马逊 Linux 2
通常的节点安装和yum的奇妙之处。
首先安装nodejs！
看起来nodejs 18是最新版本，我们试试吧！
第一步是添加存储库，可以使用以下命令添加。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc-c++ make
...(略）
Complete!
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash -
## Installing the NodeSource Node.js 18.x repo...
...（略）
## Run `sudo yum install -y nodejs` to install Node.js 18.x and npm.
...（略）
好的，看起来不错！我将执行安装命令！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum install -y nodejs
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: extras_suggestions, langpacks, priorities, update-motd
nodesource | 2.5 kB 00:00
nodesource/x86_64/primary_db | 37 kB 00:00
277 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nodejs.x86_64 2:18.14.2-1nodesource will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) for package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) for package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64 (nodesource)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64 (nodesource)
Requires: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
哎？需要：libc.so.6（GLIBC_2.28）（64位）的话，好像需要安装这个libc.so.6（GLIBC_2.28）（64位）。
稍微调查了一下，发现nodejs 18和Amazon Linux 2的兼容性似乎并不是很好。
https://itneko.com/amazon-linux2-nodejs18/
所以，我打算安装16而不是18！
那么，首先我们要添加16的存储库！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo -E bash -
## Installing the NodeSource Node.js 16.x repo...
...（略）
## Run `sudo yum install -y nodejs` to install Node.js 16.x and npm.
...（略）
好的，看起来不错！我们可以使用sudo yum install -y nodejs命令来安装nodejs！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum install -y nodejs
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: extras_suggestions, langpacks, priorities, update-motd
277 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nodejs.x86_64 2:18.14.2-1nodesource will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) for package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) for package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64 (nodesource)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64 (nodesource)
Requires: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
哎呀，等一下，你又嘗試安裝18版了嗎？明明已經添加了16版的倉庫…
好吧，我会删除所有与node相关的RPM软件包并尝试重新安装！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ rpm -qa | grep -i node
nodesource-release-el7-1.noarch
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum remove nodesource-release-el7-1.noarch -y
...（略）
Removed:
nodesource-release.noarch 0:el7-1
Complete!
让我们确认一下文件是否从/etc/yum.repos.d目录中消失了。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ ls -a /etc/yum.repos.d | grep node
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$
听起来不错！那我就再试一次安装吧！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo -E bash -
（略）
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum install -y nodejs
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: extras_suggestions, langpacks, priorities, update-motd
277 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nodejs.x86_64 2:18.14.2-1nodesource will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) for package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) for package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64 (nodesource)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:nodejs-18.14.2-1nodesource.x86_64 (nodesource)
Requires: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
假的，我还没有18岁呢！
实际上，即使使用 “sudo yum remove {包名}” 命令删除了 RPM 包，仍然会保留缓存。
让我们再试着抹掉一次。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum remove nodesource-release-el7-1.noarch -y
...
Removed:
nodesource-release.noarch 0:el7-1
Complete!
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ ls -a /etc/yum.repos.d | grep node
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2 | grep nodesource
nodesource
nodesource-source
噢，那个地方有啊！
让我试着手动删除。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2/nodesource
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2/nodesource-source/
再次尝试安装看看。。。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo -E bash -
（略）
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo yum install -y nodejs
...（略）
Installed:
nodejs.x86_64 2:16.19.1-1nodesource
Complete!
这次很成功！
之后查了一下才发现，好像可以使用 yum clean 来删除相同数量的 RPM 包和缓存。
让我们确认一下版本吧。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ node --version
v16.19.1
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ npm --version
8.19.3
这个版本似乎是正确的！
但是在操作系统上安装还是比较麻烦的。我们来使用Docker吧！
安裝 Docker 和 Docker Compose，啟動 Node 的 Docker 容器。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo amazon-linux-extras install -y docker
Installing docker
...(略）
Installed:
docker.x86_64 0:20.10.17-1.amzn2.0.2
Complete!
...（略）
安装完成了！我会启动并检查状态。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo systemctl start docker
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-03-09 17:22:40 UTC; 5s ago
...(略）
看起来一切顺利！接下来安装docker-compose。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ VER=2.4.1
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo curl \
> -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v${VER}/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) \
> -o /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
100 25.2M 100 25.2M 0 0 8885k 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 11.3M
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
Docker Compose安装完成了！让我们来验证版本。
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 ~]$ docker-compose --version
Docker Compose version v2.4.1
好的，看起来都可以！
只需编写Compose文件并启动容器即可。
首先，创建一个用于存放代码的文件夹，并进入其中。
mkdir node-test-project
cd node-test-project
接下来，创建并保存以下文件。
# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.7'
services:
node:
image: node:18.15.0-slim
container_name: node
tty: true
ports:
- 3000:3000
logging:
driver: "json-file"
options:
max-size: "50m"
最后只需启动！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 node-test-project]$ docker-compose up -d
[+] Running 6/6
⠿ node Pulled 6.0s
⠿ 3f9582a2cbe7 Pull complete 1.7s
⠿ 94e5d5746476 Pull complete 1.8s
⠿ 11587a4aecf2 Pull complete 3.4s
⠿ d1ed1db27c1b Pull complete 3.5s
⠿ 8f4c41bcb791 Pull complete 3.6s
[+] Running 2/2
⠿ Network node-test-project_default Created 0.0s
⠿ Container node Started 1.7s
让我们检查容器是否已启动，并确认node和npm的版本！
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 node-test-project]$ docker-compose ps
NAME COMMAND SERVICE STATUS PORTS
node "docker-entrypoint.s…" node running 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp, :::3000->3000/tcp
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 node-test-project]$ docker exec node node --version
v18.15.0
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-251-210 node-test-project]$ docker exec node npm --version
9.5.0
虽然 Docker 的安装本身有些麻烦，但一旦安装好，可以立即使用任何软件，这真是太棒了。