尝试使用【Go】编写网络应用程序的登录功能（2）

2 年 ago

清, 宇

4 minutes

你好。

第二部分讲述了关于准备工作（Go）的内容。

目标

这次我们将创建一个Go的热重载环境。
(热重载是指自动将代码更改应用到应用程序中的功能。)

由于没有编写测试代码，为了方便确认更改，我希望能够构建一个热加载环境。

准备

goのバージョン

% go version
go version go1.20.6 darwin/amd64

在目录中执行以下命令。

% go mod init login-example 
go: creating new go.mod: module login-example

我也需要下載echo。

go get github.com/labstack/echo/v4 
go: downloading github.com/labstack/echo/v4 v4.11.1
go: downloading github.com/labstack/echo v3.3.10+incompatible
go: downloading github.com/labstack/gommon v0.4.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.12.0
go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
go: downloading github.com/valyala/fasttemplate v1.2.2
go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.19
go: downloading github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.11.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0
go: added github.com/labstack/echo/v4 v4.11.1
go: added github.com/labstack/gommon v0.4.0
go: added github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
go: added github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.19
go: added github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0
go: added github.com/valyala/fasttemplate v1.2.2
go: added golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0
go: added golang.org/x/net v0.12.0
go: added golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0
go: added golang.org/x/text v0.11.0

创建一个main.go文件。

package main

import (
	"net/http"

	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
)

func main() {
	e := echo.New()

	e.GET("/", func(c echo.Context) error {
		return c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, world!\n")
	})

	e.Logger.Fatal(e.Start(":8000"))
}

我创建了一个应用程序，当访问localhost:8000时，它会简单地返回“你好，世界！”。

搭建热重载环境

我想搭建一个热加载环境。这次我选择使用air。

让我们创建Dockerfile、docker-compose.yml和.air.toml文件。

Dockerfile的含义是什么？

FROM golang:1.20.6

WORKDIR /app

RUN go install github.com/cosmtrek/air@latest

CMD ["air", "-c", ".air.toml"]

docker-compose.yml 文件

version: "3.8"

services:
  api:
    container_name: login-go-api
    build:
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
      context: .
    volumes:
      - ".:/app"
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"

.air.toml

空气.toml

# Config file for [Air](https://github.com/cosmtrek/air) in TOML format

# Working directory
# . or absolute path, please note that the directories following must be under root.
root = "."
tmp_dir = "tmp"

[build]
# Just plain old shell command. You could use `make` as well.
cmd = "go build -o ./tmp/main ."
# Binary file yields from `cmd`.
bin = "tmp/main"
# Customize binary, can setup environment variables when run your app.
full_bin = "APP_ENV=dev APP_USER=air ./tmp/main"
# Watch these filename extensions.
include_ext = ["go", "tpl", "tmpl", "html"]
# Ignore these filename extensions or directories.
exclude_dir = ["assets", "tmp", "vendor", "frontend/node_modules"]
# Watch these directories if you specified.
include_dir = []
# Watch these files.
include_file = []
# Exclude files.
exclude_file = []
# Exclude specific regular expressions.
exclude_regex = ["_test\\.go"]
# Exclude unchanged files.
exclude_unchanged = true
# Follow symlink for directories
follow_symlink = true
# This log file places in your tmp_dir.
log = "air.log"
# Poll files for changes instead of using fsnotify.
poll = false
# Poll interval (defaults to the minimum interval of 500ms).
poll_interval = 500 # ms
# It's not necessary to trigger build each time file changes if it's too frequent.
delay = 0 # ms
# Stop running old binary when build errors occur.
stop_on_error = true
# Send Interrupt signal before killing process (windows does not support this feature)
send_interrupt = false
# Delay after sending Interrupt signal
kill_delay = 500 # ms
# Rerun binary or not
rerun = false
# Delay after each executions
rerun_delay = 500
# Add additional arguments when running binary (bin/full_bin). Will run './tmp/main hello world'.
args_bin = ["hello", "world"]

[log]
# Show log time
time = false
# Only show main log (silences watcher, build, runner)
main_only = false

[color]
# Customize each part's color. If no color found, use the raw app log.
main = "magenta"
watcher = "cyan"
build = "yellow"
runner = "green"

[misc]
# Delete tmp directory on exit
clean_on_exit = true

[screen]
clear_on_rebuild = true
keep_scroll = true

我已经建立了一个热加载环境。

确认方式

我们将确认实际上是否创建了热重载环境。

启动容器。

docker compose up

然后经过稍等时间后，应该会输出如下：

 ✔ Network go_default           Created                                    0.1s 
 ✔ Container login-example-api  Created                                    0.1s 
Attaching to login-example-api
login-example-api  | 
login-example-api  |   __    _   ___  
login-example-api  |  / /\  | | | |_) 
login-example-api  | /_/--\ |_| |_| \_ , built with Go 
login-example-api  | 
login-example-api  | mkdir /app/tmp
login-example-api  | watching .
login-example-api  | !exclude tmp
login-example-api  | building...
login-example-api  | go: downloading github.com/labstack/echo/v4 v4.11.1
login-example-api  | go: downloading github.com/labstack/gommon v0.4.0
login-example-api  | go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0
login-example-api  | go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.12.0
login-example-api  | go: downloading github.com/valyala/fasttemplate v1.2.2
login-example-api  | go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.19
login-example-api  | go: downloading github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0
login-example-api  | go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0
login-example-api  | go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.11.0
login-example-api  | running...
login-example-api  | 
login-example-api  |    ____    __
login-example-api  |   / __/___/ /  ___
login-example-api  |  / _// __/ _ \/ _ \
login-example-api  | /___/\__/_//_/\___/ v4.11.1
login-example-api  | High performance, minimalist Go web framework
login-example-api  | https://echo.labstack.com
login-example-api  | ____________________________________O/_______
login-example-api  |                                     O\
login-example-api  | ⇨ http server started on [::]:8000

现在，我们来确认一下，如果真正修改了代码，是否会立即反映出来。
请启动一个新的终端，并执行以下命令。

curl localhost:8000
Hello, world! # と出力されればOK

现在，热加载环境已经成功搭建完成。

概括

当前的目录看起来是这样的

.
├── .air.toml
├── Dockerfile
├── docker-compose.yml
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
└── main.go

今天就这样吧。谢谢。

我已经将今天创建的应用程序添加到GitHub上。
如果需要，请点击此链接。