如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 上安装 MariaDB 10.4？
在Ubuntu 18.04 LTS上安装MariaDB 10.4。
首先
为了以后重新安装MariaDB 10.4，我记录了安装步骤，因为在工作环境中安装时遇到了困难。
我参考了一篇在Google上找到的文章来进行安装，但是由于出现了错误，无法确定原因并解决，因此我决定重新安装Ubuntu。最终，在参考安装MariaDB 10.4到Ubuntu 18.04 LTS的过程中，一切都顺利进行了。
开发环境
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS，WSL 1
途径
首先，配置MariaDB软件包的存储库访问。
$ curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash
[info] Checking for script prerequisites.
[info] Repository file successfully written to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list
[info] Adding trusted package signing keys...
[info] Running apt-get update...
[info] Done adding trusted package signing keys
然后，确认以下文件是否生成。
# MariaDB Server
# To use a different major version of the server, or to pin to a specific minor version, change URI below.
deb [arch=amd64,arm64] https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.6/repo/ubuntu bionic main
deb [arch=amd64,arm64 lang=none target-=CNF] https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.6/repo/ubuntu bionic main/debug
# MariaDB MaxScale
# To use the latest stable release of MaxScale, use "latest" as the version
# To use the latest beta (or stable if no current beta) release of MaxScale, use "beta" as the version
deb [arch=amd64] https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/maxscale/latest/apt bionic main
# MariaDB Tools
deb [arch=amd64] http://downloads.mariadb.com/Tools/ubuntu bionic main
MariaDB服务器的版本号是10.6。由于我想要安装MariaDB 10.4版本，因此需要将版本更改为10.4。这时候由于只有root有写入权限，所以需要更改权限以进行编辑。
$ sudo chmod 766 mariadb.list
mariadb.list
$ vi mariadb.list
$ cat mariadb.list
# MariaDB Server
# To use a different major version of the server, or to pin to a specific minor version, change URI below.
deb [arch=amd64,arm64] https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.4/repo/ubuntu bionic main
deb [arch=amd64,arm64 lang=none target-=CNF] https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.4/repo/ubuntu bionic main/debug
# MariaDB MaxScale
# To use the latest stable release of MaxScale, use "latest" as the version
# To use the latest beta (or stable if no current beta) release of MaxScale, use "beta" as the version
deb [arch=amd64] https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/maxscale/latest/apt bionic main
# MariaDB Tools
deb [arch=amd64] http://downloads.mariadb.com/Tools/ubuntu bionic main
更新可安装软件包的“列表”。
$ sudo apt-get -y update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:2 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.4/repo/ubuntu bionic InRelease [6265 B]
・・・(略)
更新已安装的软件包，并升级到新版本。
kmri18@DESKTOP-OAP1VIU:/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo apt-get -y upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
・・・(略)
显示MariaDB服务器
$ apt list | grep -i mariadb-server
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
mariadb-server/unknown,unknown 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic all
mariadb-server-10.1/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1:10.1.48-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mariadb-server-10.4/unknown 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64
mariadb-server-10.4-dbgsym/unknown 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64
mariadb-server-core-10.1/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1:10.1.48-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mariadb-server-core-10.4/unknown 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64
mariadb-server-core-10.4-dbgsym/unknown 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64
安装MariaDB服务器10.4版本
$ sudo apt install mariadb-server-10.4 -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
・・・(略)
$ dpkg -l | grep -i mariadb
ii libdbd-mysql-perl 4.046-1
amd64 Perl5 database interface to the MariaDB/MySQL database
ii libmariadb3:amd64 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64 MariaDB database client library
ii mariadb-client-10.4 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64 MariaDB database client binaries
ii mariadb-client-core-10.4 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64 MariaDB database core client binaries
ii mariadb-common 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic all MariaDB database common files (e.g. /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/)
ii mariadb-server-10.4 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64 MariaDB database server binaries
ii mariadb-server-core-10.4 1:10.4.22+maria~bionic amd64 MariaDB database core server files
最后，连接到MySQL服务器。
$ sudo mysql -u root
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 55
Server version: 10.4.22-MariaDB-1:10.4.22+maria~bionic mariadb.org binary distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
确认MariaDB版本已经升级到10.4并完成安装。
总结
最终，重新安装Ubuntu解决了问题。考虑到尝试各种方法可能导致混乱的环境，以及意外的错误产生，将来我打算将环境重置作为选项之一。
请自取
在Ubuntu 18.04 LTS上安装MariaDB 10.4。