在Azure的WebApps上使用Node.js+Express
我尝试将Express应用程序通过”git push”部署到在Azure上创建的WebApps实例。
请参照以下资料进行翻译。
Node.js 开发者中心
在 Windows Azure 上运行 Node.js
前提 (Qian2 ti2)
在Windows环境中已经安装了Node.js、Git、Yoeman，并且将使用以下版本。另外，npm也已经升级完成。
C:\>node -v
v4.4.7
c:\>git --version
git version 2.9.2.windows.1
c:\>yo --version
1.8.4
c:\>npm -v
3.10.6
相关网站
在Azure中免费创建WebApps实例的方法，请参考Azure免费试用期结束后使用免费选项-第2部分。
将Azure WebApp的部署源设置为本地Git，并在我的个人电脑上创建一个克隆版本。
由于存储库是空的，因此将显示如下。
c:\dev\azure>git clone https://mydeployuser01@tworks55-nodejs.scm.azurewebsites.net:443/tworks55-nodejs.git
Cloning into 'tworks55-nodejs'...
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
Checking connectivity... done.
去Azure那边确认里面的内容。
进入调试控制台，查看wwwroot文件夹内的内容，只有一个HTML文件。
※可以通过https://[WebAppsName].scm.azurewebsites.net/DebugConsole进入调试控制台。
D:\home\site\wwwroot>dir
Volume in drive D is Windows
Volume Serial Number is 4615-9423
Directory of D:\home\site\wwwroot
08/14/2016 02:41 PM <DIR> .
08/14/2016 02:41 PM <DIR> ..
08/14/2016 02:41 PM 202,392 hostingstart.html
1 File(s) 202,392 bytes
2 Dir(s) 1,071,312,896 bytes free
3. 安装 Yeoman 的 Express 生成器
安装Yeoman的Express生成器。
c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs>npm install -g generator-express
4. 生成和部署Express应用程序
创建一个Exress应用程序
我們移動到從 Azure 的 git 中 clone 下來的文件夾，然後使用 “yo express” 命令進行各種設定。
c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs>yo express
? ==========================================================================
We're constantly looking for ways to make yo better!
May we anonymously report usage statistics to improve the tool over time?
More info: https://github.com/yeoman/insight & http://yeoman.io
========================================================================== No
? Would you like to create a new directory for your project? No
? Select a version to install: MVC
? Select a view engine to use: Jade
? Select a css preprocessor to use (Sass Requires Ruby): None
? Select a database to use: None
? Select a build tool to use: Grunt
（2）在本地环境中进行操作确认
下面是命令执行的结果。Express需要按下CTRL+C来停止。
c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs>npm start
> tworks55-nodejs@0.0.1 start c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs
> node app.js
Express server listening on port 3000
GET / 304 1187.621 ms - -
GET /css/style.css 200 14.904 ms - 110
(3) 将代码从git推送到远程仓库。
使用以下命令将文件提交到git，并推送到Azure的git存储库。
c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs>git add
c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs>git commit -m "express deploy"
[master (root-commit) bec7ea6] express deploy
Committer: E S <E S>
(中略)
create mode 100644 config/express.js
create mode 100644 package.json
create mode 100644 public/css/style.css```
c:\dev\azure\tworks55-nodejs>git push
Counting objects: 24, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (19/19), done.
Writing objects: 100% (24/24), 4.02 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 24 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
(中略)
remote:
remote: Finished successfully.
remote: Running post deployment command(s)...
remote: Deployment successful.
To https:(省略)
* \[new branch\] master -> master
确认Azure的设置。
当你进入调试控制台并检查wwwroot文件夹时，可以看到最初存在的hostingstart.html文件已经消失了，取而代之的是一个名为web.config的文件，该文件是由我自己的电脑推送过来的，除此之外没有其他文件。
D:\home\site\wwwroot>dir
Volume in drive D is Windows
Volume Serial Number is 4615-9423
Directory of D:\home\site\wwwroot
08/14/2016 03:10 PM <DIR> .
08/14/2016 03:10 PM <DIR> ..
08/14/2016 03:10 PM <DIR> app
08/14/2016 03:10 PM <DIR> config
08/14/2016 03:11 PM <DIR> node_modules
08/14/2016 03:10 PM <DIR> public
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 67 .bowerrc
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 183 .editorconfig
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 45 .gitignore
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 263 app.js
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 132 bower.json
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 1,787 Gruntfile.js
08/14/2016 03:10 PM 626 package.json
08/14/2016 03:11 PM 2,560 web.config
8 File(s) 5,663 bytes
6 Dir(s) 1,062,416,384 bytes free
查看web.config文件，您会发现以下设置，其中包含自动配置的node.js运行设置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
This configuration file is required if iisnode is used to run node processes behind
IIS or IIS Express. For more information, visit:
https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/blob/master/src/samples/configuration/web.config
-->
<configuration>
<system.webServer>
<!-- Visit http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazure/archive/2013/11/14/introduction-to-websockets-on-windows-azure-web-sites.aspx for more information on WebSocket support -->
<webSocket enabled="false" />
<handlers>
<!-- Indicates that the server.js file is a node.js site to be handled by the iisnode module -->
<add name="iisnode" path="app.js" verb="*" modules="iisnode"/>
</handlers>
<rewrite>
<rules>
<!-- Do not interfere with requests for node-inspector debugging -->
<rule name="NodeInspector" patternSyntax="ECMAScript" stopProcessing="true">
<match url="^app.js\/debug[\/]?" />
</rule>
<!-- First we consider whether the incoming URL matches a physical file in the /public folder -->
<rule name="StaticContent">
<action type="Rewrite" url="public{REQUEST_URI}"/>
</rule>
<!-- All other URLs are mapped to the node.js site entry point -->
<rule name="DynamicContent">
<conditions>
<add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="True"/>
</conditions>
<action type="Rewrite" url="app.js"/>
</rule>
</rules>
</rewrite>
<!-- 'bin' directory has no special meaning in node.js and apps can be placed in it -->
<security>
<requestFiltering>
<hiddenSegments>
<remove segment="bin"/>
</hiddenSegments>
</requestFiltering>
</security>
<!-- Make sure error responses are left untouched -->
<httpErrors existingResponse="PassThrough" />
<!--
You can control how Node is hosted within IIS using the following options:
* watchedFiles: semi-colon separated list of files that will be watched for changes to restart the server
* node_env: will be propagated to node as NODE_ENV environment variable
* debuggingEnabled - controls whether the built-in debugger is enabled
See https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/blob/master/src/samples/configuration/web.config for a full list of options
-->
<!--<iisnode watchedFiles="web.config;*.js"/>-->
</system.webServer>
</configuration>
暂时，我觉得在git push时可能会放置一些多余的文件，但是现在我们可以搭建一个运行express的环境了。
虽然对于IIS的设置还有一些问题不清楚，但是我打算暂时就到这里吧。
