关于dnf命令的备忘录
首先，DNF是什么？
DNF是YUM的继任者，是一个软件包管理工具。
在CentOS 8中，默认采用的是DNF作为软件包管理工具，但是通过查看网上的文章，我感觉YUM仍然很常见。
我个人基本上是脑袋一片空白地使用DNF命令。
确认版本
dnf --version
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
4.2.23
Installed: dnf-0:4.2.23-4.el8.noarch at Mon May 31 12:54:12 2021
Built : CentOS Buildsys <bugs@centos.org> at Tue Aug 4 18:52:03 2020
Installed: rpm-0:4.14.3-4.el8.x86_64 at Mon May 31 12:53:45 2021
Built : CentOS Buildsys <bugs@centos.org> at Tue J
与DNF相关的文件集合
以下是对上述内容的中文本地化改写：
– /var/cache/dnf：缓存文件
– /etc/dnf/dnf.conf：配置文件
– /etc/yum.repos.d/：存放软件源文件的目录。
显示存储库列表的方法（–all）
dnf repolist --all
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
repo id repo name status
appstream CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream enabled
appstream-source CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream - Source disabled
baseos CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS enabled
baseos-source CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS - Source disabled
cr CentOS Linux 8 - ContinuousRelease disabled
debuginfo CentOS Linux 8 - Debuginfo disabled
devel CentOS Linux 8 - Devel WARNING! FOR disabled
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux enabled
epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux disabled
epel-modular Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux enabled
~略~
虽然几乎完全不能使用并且没有使用过，但我也不知道它是什么存储库。
显示有效存储库的方法 (–enabled)。
$dnf repolist
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
repo id repo name
appstream CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream
baseos CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
epel-modular Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64
extras CentOS Linux 8 - Extras
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community
mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community
mysql80-community MySQL 8.0 Community Server
remi-modular Remi's Modular repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
remi-safe Safe Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
只有总体的10%左右被使用了，嗯、、
显示无效的仓库的方法（–disabled）。
$ dnf repolist --disabled
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
repo id repo name
appstream-source CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream - Source
baseos-source CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS - Source
cr CentOS Linux 8 - ContinuousRelease
debuginfo CentOS Linux 8 - Debuginfo
devel CentOS Linux 8 - Devel WARNING! FOR BUILDROOT USE ONLY!
epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 - Debug
epel-modular-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64 - Debug
epel-modular-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64 - Source
epel-playground Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Playground - x86_64
epel-playground-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Playground - x86_64 - Debug
epel-playground-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Playground - x86_64 - Source
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 - Source
epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Testing - x86_64
epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug
epel-testing-modular Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - Testing - x86_64
epel-testing-modular-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug
epel-testing-modular-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - Testing - x86_64 - Source
epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Testing - x86_64 - Source
extras-source CentOS Linux 8 - Extras - Source
fasttrack CentOS Linux 8 - FastTrack
ha CentOS Linux 8 - HighAvailability
media-appstream CentOS Linux 8 - Media - AppStream
media-baseos CentOS Linux 8 - Media - BaseOS
mysql-cluster-7.5-community MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - Source
mysql-cluster-7.6-community MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - Source
mysql-cluster-8.0-community MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community - Source
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Source
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source
mysql-tools-preview MySQL Tools Preview
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source
mysql55-community MySQL 5.5 Community Server
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Source
mysql56-community MySQL 5.6 Community Server
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Source
mysql57-community MySQL 5.7 Community Server
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Source
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Source
plus CentOS Linux 8 - Plus
plus-source CentOS Linux 8 - Plus - Source
powertools CentOS Linux 8 - PowerTools
remi Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
remi-debuginfo Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 - debuginfo
remi-modular-test Remi's Modular testing repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
remi-safe-debuginfo Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 - debuginfo
remi-test Remi's test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
remi-test-debuginfo Remi's test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 - debugin
有很多未使用的库啊。我使用的是MySQL 8版本，所以其他版本可能没有用。
确认DNF历史记录
$ dnf history
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 | install telnet | 2021-06-08 22:43 | Install | 1
17 | install postfix | 2021-06-08 21:55 | Install | 1
16 | -y install langpacks-ja | 2021-06-07 00:46 | Install | 1
15 | --enablerepo=remi install | 2021-06-04 00:10 | Install | 37
14 | install php-pdo php-json | 2021-06-02 20:01 | Upgrade | 15
13 | install wget | 2021-06-02 19:48 | Install | 1
12 | -y install mysql-communit | 2021-06-02 00:16 | I, O | 14
11 | localinstall http://dev.m | 2021-06-02 00:08 | Install | 1
10 | update | 2021-06-01 21:48 | Upgrade | 2
9 | install -y lsof | 2021-06-01 19:54 | Install | 1
8 | update | 2021-05-31 21:52 | I, U | 323 EE
7 | --enablerepo=remi install | 2021-05-31 19:50 | Install | 27 EE
6 | install php-bcmath | 2021-05-31 19:28 | Install | 1
5 | module install php:remi-8 | 2021-05-31 19:21 | I, U | 44
4 | install https://rpms.remi | 2021-05-31 19:16 | I, O, U | 7
3 | -y install expect httpd-d | 2021-05-31 19:08 | I, U | 59
2 | -y update | 2020-02-04 13:32 | I, U | 44 EE
1 | | 2020-02-04 13:28 | Install | 620 EE
你安装了上一次的telnet吧。
输出详细信息
查询dnf历史信息ID。
让我们看一下上次安装的telnet的详细信息。因为ID是18，所以我们使用dnf history info 18来确认。
$ dnf history info 18
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Transaction ID : 18
Begin time : Tue Jun 8 22:43:10 2021
Begin rpmdb : 780:42e1a04c8966d87ca68cbae189750dbc18c24de4
End time : Tue Jun 8 22:43:11 2021 (1 seconds)
End rpmdb : 781:d69f533e4d9e377771617d639ef62030d5cd301d
User : <m1>
Return-Code : Success
Releasever : 8
Command Line : install telnet
Comment :
Packages Altered:
Install telnet-1:0.17-76.el8.x86_64 @appstream
您可以查看telnet安装信息的详细情况。
清除缓存
dnf clean all
总之，就是这样。