【Python】在Django中玩耍（管理面板）

3 年 ago
新, 韵
4 minutes

关于这篇文章

在之前的文章中，我演示了如何设置Django。
【Python】在Django中玩耍（设置和显示HTML文件）。

这次我们稍微介绍一下默认设置的管理网站（admin网站）。

环境

操作系统：Windows10 Home
Python 版本：3.9.2
Django 版本：3.1.7

管理网站（admin网站）是什么？

image.png

不过，我不知道用户名和密码。
我们试着创建并登录账户。

创建账户

您可以使用以下命令创建账户。

python manage.py createsuperuser

然后出现了一个错误……

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 413, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such table: auth_user

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Works\Dev\Django\demosite\manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\Works\Dev\Django\demosite\manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 79, in execute
    return super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 371, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 100, in handle
    default_username = get_default_username()
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\__init__.py", line 140, in get_default_username
    auth_app.User._default_manager.get(username=default_username)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 425, in get
    num = len(clone)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 269, in __len__
    self._fetch_all()
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1308, in _fetch_all
    self._result_cache = list(self._iterable_class(self))
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 53, in __iter__
    results = compiler.execute_sql(chunked_fetch=self.chunked_fetch, chunk_size=self.chunk_size)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1156, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 98, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 66, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 75, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\python39\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 413, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: auth_user

在创建账户之前，请执行迁移操作，使用以下命令进行迁移。

python manage.py migrate

$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

我成功了。

默认情况下，将在db.sqlite3中创建表。
此设置在setting.py文件中的以下位置中进行了定义。

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}
image.png

因为表已经创建好了，所以我们需要重新创建用户。

python manage.py createsuperuser

请填写用户名、电子邮件地址和密码。
即使电子邮件地址未注册，也可以。
现在您已成功创建了一个账号。

登录

image.png
image.png

最后

这次就到这里吧。
关于更改数据库或增加管理项目的事情，我们可以留到下次的机会再说。

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