What does data skew mean in Spark?

Data skew in Spark refers to the situation where the amount of data in some partitions during data processing far exceeds that of other partitions, resulting in uneven execution time for tasks, overloading of some nodes, and affecting the overall performance of the job. Data skew often occurs when data distribution is uneven or when skew keys frequently appear in aggregation operations. To address data skew, various strategies can be implemented, such as using more suitable partitioning strategies, preprocessing data, or utilizing custom partition functions.

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