Linux Master-Slave Replication Explained

Linux master-slave replication is a data replication mechanism used to copy data from one main server to one or more secondary servers. The main server is the source of the data, while the secondary servers are duplicates of the data.

The principle of master-slave replication is essentially achieved by transmitting the operation logs from the main server to the slave server. The main server records all write operations and saves them in the form of binary logs. The slave server connects to the main server and retrieves the binary logs. The slave server then applies these binary logs to its own database to ensure consistency with the data on the main server.

The process of master-slave replication can be simplified into the following steps:

1. The main server logs all write operations to the binary log.
2. Connect to the primary server from the server and retrieve the binary logs from the primary server.
3. Apply the binary logs retrieved from the server to your own database to maintain data consistency.
4. Regularly send heartbeat signals from the server to the main server to detect the status of the main server.
5. If the main server fails, the secondary server can be upgraded to become the new main server and continue providing services.

Master-slave replication has the following characteristics:

1. Data replication is asynchronous, so operations performed on the primary server will not be immediately reflected on the secondary server.
2. The server can handle read requests to reduce the load on the main server.
3. Servers can be used for fault recovery and backup.
4. Multiple slave servers can be configured to achieve data redundancy and load balancing.

In general, Linux master-slave replication is an effective data backup and load balancing mechanism that can improve system availability and performance.