What is the method for backing up the entire database in PL/SQL?

The common method for backing up the entire database in PL/SQL is to use the Data Pump tool to export all objects and data from the database. Below is an example code:

DECLARE
  l_jobno NUMBER;
BEGIN
  l_jobno := DBMS_DATAPUMP.OPEN('EXPORT','SCHEMA','SYS');
  DBMS_DATAPUMP.ADD_FILE(l_jobno,'expdat.dmp','DATA_PUMP_DIR');
  DBMS_DATAPUMP.METADATA_FILTER(l_jobno,'SCHEMA_EXPR','IN(''SCHEMA_NAME'')');
  DBMS_DATAPUMP.START_JOB(l_jobno);
END;
/

The above code exports all objects and data in the database schema named “SCHEMA_NAME” and saves the results in a file named “expdat.dmp”. You can modify the parameters in the code as needed to back up different database objects. The backup file is usually stored in the data pump directory of the database.