What are the different ways to trim a string in JavaScript?

There are several ways to extract substrings in JavaScript, including:

1. By using the substring(startIndex, endIndex) method, you can extract a substring from a string starting at the startIndex position and ending before the endIndex position. If the endIndex parameter is omitted, it will return all characters from the startIndex position to the end of the string.
2. By using the substr(startIndex, length) method, you can extract a substring from a string starting at the specified startIndex position and including the specified number of characters represented by length. If the length parameter is omitted, all characters from the startIndex position to the end of the string will be extracted by default.
3. The slice(startIndex, endIndex) method extracts a substring from a string starting at the specified startIndex and ending before the endIndex position. If the endIndex parameter is omitted, it will return all characters from the startIndex position to the end of the string. Similar to the substring() method, slice() can also accept negative numbers as parameters, indicating positions counting from the end of the string.
4. The split(separator, limit) method is used to divide a string into an array of substrings by a specified separator. If the separator parameter is omitted, the string will be split into an array of individual characters. The maximum length of the split array can also be specified using the limit parameter.

These are common methods in JavaScript for extracting substrings, you can choose the appropriate method based on your specific needs.