How to use templates in C++?

Template is a versatile programming tool in C++ that can be used to create generic classes or functions to handle different types of data, which enhances code reusability and flexibility.

To use the template, you can follow these steps:

1. template – a standard model or design used as a guide for creating something uniform

template <typename T>
class MyTemplate {
    // 类的定义
};

template <typename T>
T add(T a, T b) {
    return a + b;
}

1. Instantiating a template: when using a template, template parameters need to be specified in order to instantiate the template, for example:

MyTemplate<int> intTemplate;
int result = add(1, 2);

In the example above, we created an object of the MyTemplate class called intTemplate and used the add function to calculate the sum of two integers.

1. Template Compilation: During compilation, the compiler will generate code for the corresponding class or function based on the template parameters provided during instantiation.

Using templates allows the same code logic to be reused on different data types, thereby improving the maintainability and reusability of the code.