How to use an if statement in nginx to check the access path

2 years ago
William Carter
2 minutes

You can use the location directive with the if directive to determine the access path.

Here is an example of an Nginx configuration file.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    
    root /var/www/html;

    location / {
        if ($request_uri = /path1) {
            rewrite ^ /path2 last;
        }
        if ($request_uri = /path3) {
            # 执行特定操作
        }
        if ($request_uri ~* "^/path4/.*$") {
            # 执行特定操作
        }
        if ($request_uri ~* "^/path5/(.*)$") {
            rewrite ^ /path6/$1 last;
        }

        # 默认操作
    }
}

In the above configuration, we used the if directive to determine the access path.

  1. If ($request_uri = /path1) indicates that when the path being accessed is /path1, the request will be rewritten to /path2 and processing will be stopped.
  2. If ($request_uri = /path3) means that a specific operation will be executed when the path being accessed is /path3.
  3. if the requested URL starts with ‘/path4/’, a specific operation will be executed. ‘~*’ denotes regular expression matching, ‘^’ indicates the beginning, and ‘.*$’ denotes any character.
  4. The statement if ($request_uri ~* “^/path5/(.*)$”) means that when the path begins with /path5/, the request will be rewritten as /path6/$1 and processing will be stopped. The parentheses around (.*) capture any characters, which can then be referenced in the rewrite using $1.

Please be aware that when using the “if” instruction, it is important to consider the potential performance impact and unpredictable behavior it may cause. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid excessive use of the “if” instruction and instead use more suitable instructions whenever possible.

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