How to clean data in the R programming language?

You can clean data in R by following these steps:

1. Handling missing values: use the function is.na() to detect missing values, use the function na.omit() to remove rows containing missing values, and use the function complete.cases() to delete rows containing missing values.
2. Duplicate value handling: Use the function duplicated() to identify duplicate values, and use the function unique() to remove duplicate values.
3. Outlier handling: Outliers can be identified using methods such as box plots or histograms, and then can be dealt with, such as by deleting or replacing them.
4. Data type conversion: Converting data to the correct data type, such as converting characters to numbers.
5. Format data: Formatting data such as date formatting, character formatting, etc.
6. Data standardization: The process of standardizing data to meet certain criteria.
7. Data merging: combine multiple datasets into one dataset using the merge() or rbind() functions.
8. Data filtering: Use the function subset() or filter() to filter data based on conditions.

The above are some commonly used data cleaning methods, and in practical applications, the appropriate method can be chosen for data cleaning based on specific circumstances.