What is the method for deploying OpenStack offline?

There are several methods for deploying OpenStack offline.

1. Manually download installation packages: Download all installation packages for OpenStack components to your local machine and then deploy them offline. This method requires manually downloading and managing all necessary installation packages, which could be quite cumbersome.
2. Use offline image: package all installation files of OpenStack into one offline image file, then transfer the image file to the offline environment for deployment. This method helps avoid manually downloading and managing installation packages, but requires preparing the offline image file in advance.
3. Use offline repository: Upload all installation packages of OpenStack components to a local or private offline software repository, and then deploy them in an offline environment through this repository. This method allows for easier management and updates of installation packages, but requires advance preparation of the offline repository.

Regardless of the method used, offline deployment requires configuring necessary network and storage resources in an offline environment and performing corresponding configuration and installation according to OpenStack deployment requirements.