How to instantiate generic objects in Java?

In Java, you can instantiate generic objects in the following way:

1. brand new

ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();

1. Can you rephrase this in English?
2. fresh

ArrayList<?> list = new ArrayList<>();

1. type which is extended
2. super type
3. fresh

ArrayList<? extends Number> list = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<? super String> list = new ArrayList<>();

1. Create a generic method: It is possible to define generics within a method and instantiate objects inside the method.

public <T> ArrayList<T> createArrayList() {
    return new ArrayList<T>();
}

These are some common ways to instantiate generic objects according to specific needs and usage scenarios.