What is the purpose of the log function in Python?

In Python, the log function is a function in the math library used to calculate the logarithm of a number with a specific base. Specifically, the log function is used to find the logarithm of a number. In mathematics, logarithmic functions help us solve exponential operation problems. For example, if we need to find the exponent of a number x, we can use the log function to calculate it. In Python, the log function is used as follows:

import math

# 使用默认基数e求取对数
result = math.log(x)

# 指定基数求取对数
result = math.log(x, base)

Here, x is the value that needs to have its logarithm calculated, while base is the base of the logarithm, which is by default e (natural logarithm).

It is important to note that since the domain of the logarithmic function is positive real numbers, it is necessary to ensure that the value being calculated is a positive number when using the log function.