Distributed MySQL Cluster Principles

The principle behind the implementation of a distributed MySQL cluster mainly relies on data sharding, data replication, and data synchronization. The specific principles are as follows:

1. Data sharding involves dividing data in a database into multiple segments, with each segment called a shard. Each shard can be stored on a different physical server, allowing for distributed storage and processing of data.
2. Data replication: Within each shard, data replication is typically done through a master-slave setup. The master node handles write operations, while the slave node handles read operations. The master node replicates write operation records to the slave node, which ensures consistency with the data on the master node.
3. Data synchronization is achieved between different shards through data synchronization protocols to ensure consistency of data among all shards. Commonly used data synchronization technologies include MySQL GTID, MySQL Group Replication, and MySQL Cluster.

By combining techniques such as data sharding, data replication, and data synchronization, MySQL distributed clusters can achieve high availability, high performance, and scalability. Distributed clusters can dynamically increase or decrease shards according to actual needs, achieving horizontal scaling and load balancing.