Java Inner Classes: Pros & Cons

Advantages:

1. Inner classes have access to private members of outer classes, thus expanding the functionality of the outer class.
2. Inner classes can implement interfaces, inherit abstract classes, and increase flexibility.
3. Inner classes can hide implementation details, enhancing the encapsulation of the code.
4. Inner classes can easily access the properties and methods of the outer class, reducing the amount of code.

Drawbacks:

1. Inner classes add complexity to the code and reduce readability.
2. The creation of inner class objects requires the creation of outer class objects, which increases code coupling.
3. The scope of inner classes is limited to the outer class and they cannot be instantiated separately outside the outer class.
4. Inner classes increase the number of classes, which may result in the compiled bytecode file being too large.