{"id":877,"date":"2023-01-23T00:30:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T10:18:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84oops%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-oops%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T14:37:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T06:37:53","slug":"java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84oops%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-oops%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84oops%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-oops%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Java\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b(OOPS)\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Java\u4e2d\u7684OOPS\u6982\u5ff5 – OOPS\u6982\u5ff5\u793a\u4f8b<\/h1>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300aJava\u4e2d\u7684OOPS\u6982\u5ff5 – OOPS\u6982\u5ff5\u793a\u4f8b\u300b\u7684\u7b2c1\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51711\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u623f\u5b50\u3001\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7c7b\uff1f\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n
\"\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cJava\u4e2d\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\"<\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \u62bd\u8c61\u5316<\/li>\n
  2. \u5c01\u88c5<\/li>\n
  3. \u591a\u6001\u6027<\/li>\n
  4. \u7ee7\u627f<\/li>\n
  5. \u5173\u8054<\/li>\n
  6. \u805a\u5408<\/li>\n
  7. \u7ec4\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u4e00\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528Java\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728Java\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0OOPS\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

    1. \u62bd\u8c61\u5316<\/h3>\n

    \u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\u5e76\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u672f\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002Java\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cJava\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

    2. \u5c01\u88c5<\/h3>\n

    \u5c01\u88c5\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528private\u3001protected\u548cpublic\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. \u591a\u6001\u6027<\/h3>\n

    \u591a\u6001\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u591a\u6001\u6027\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b – \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

    public class Circle {\r\n\r\n\tpublic void draw(){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Drawing circle with default color Black and diameter 1 cm.\");\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic void draw(int diameter){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Drawing circle with default color Black and diameter\"+diameter+\" cm.\");\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic void draw(int diameter, String color){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Drawing circle with color\"+color+\" and diameter\"+diameter+\" cm.\");\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7ed8\u56fe\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709”IS-A”\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u5199\u8d85\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u51b3\u7b56\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n
    package com.Olivia.test;\r\n\r\npublic interface Shape {\r\n\r\n\tpublic void draw();\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    package com.Olivia.test;\r\n\r\npublic class Circle implements Shape{\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void draw(){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Drawing circle\");\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    package com.Olivia.test;\r\n\r\npublic class Square implements Shape {\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void draw() {\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Drawing Square\");\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5f62\u72b6\u662f\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff1a\u5706\u5f62\u548c\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
    Shape sh = new Circle();\r\nsh.draw();\r\n\r\nShape sh1 = getShape(); \/\/\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5f62\u72b6\r\nsh1.draw();\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cJava\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Shape\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
    4. \u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n
    \u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u57fa\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528extends\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662fJava\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
    package com.Olivia.java.examples1;\r\n\r\nclass SuperClassA {\r\n\r\n\tpublic void foo(){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"SuperClassA\");\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass SubClassB extends SuperClassA{\r\n\t\t\r\n\tpublic void bar(){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"SubClassB\");\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\npublic class Test {\r\n\tpublic static void main(String args[]){\r\n\t\tSubClassB a = new SubClassB();\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\ta.foo();\r\n\t\ta.bar();\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    5. \u5173\u8054<\/h3>\n
    \u5173\u8054\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5173\u8054\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    6. \u805a\u5408<\/h3>\n
    \u805a\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u805a\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728”\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a”\uff08HAS-A\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u805a\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
    7. \u7ec4\u5408<\/h3>\n
    \u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u805a\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u6bd4\u805a\u5408\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53”\u62e5\u6709”\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u623f\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u623f\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u623f\u5b50\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f18\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f\u300b\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb\uff1aJava\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5173OOPS\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684GitHub\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591aJava\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/javase\/tutorial\/java\/concepts\/<\/p>\n
    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/javase\/tutorial\/java\/concepts\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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