{"id":809,"date":"2023-11-05T14:11:46","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T14:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/python%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95-%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T10:01:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T02:01:14","slug":"python%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95-%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/python%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95-%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6559\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60Python\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u6d4f\u89c8Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86Python\u7684zip\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h2>\n

Python\u7684unittest\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u60a8\u77e5\u9053\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u5927\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u75db\u82e6\uff0cPython\u5f15\u5165\u4e86unittest\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bbaPython unittest\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e9bPython\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u793a\u4f8b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u7c7b\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u4eba\u540d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199set_name()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7f16\u5199get_name()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4ece\u8be5\u7c7b\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

class Person:\r\n    name = []\r\n\r\n    def set_name(self, user_name):\r\n        self.name.append(user_name)\r\n        return len(self.name) - 1\r\n\r\n    def get_name(self, user_id):\r\n        if user_id >= len(self.name):\r\n            return '\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64\u7528\u6237'\r\n        else:\r\n            return self.name[user_id]\r\n\r\n\r\nif __name__ == '__main__':\r\n    person = Person()\r\n    print('\u7528\u6237Abbas\u5df2\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0cID\u4e3a', person.set_name('Abbas'))\r\n    print('\u4e0eID 0\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f', person.get_name(0))\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u4e3aPerson.py\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
$ python3.6 Person.py \r\n\u7528\u6237Abbas\u5df2\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0cID\u4e3a 0\r\n\u4e0eID 0\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f Abbas\r\n$\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Python\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f unittest.TestCase \u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c a \u7b49\u4e8e b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
import unittest\r\n\r\n\r\nclass Testing(unittest.TestCase):\r\n    def test_string(self):\r\n        a = 'some'\r\n        b = 'some'\r\n        self.assertEqual(a, b)\r\n\r\n    def test_boolean(self):\r\n        a = True\r\n        b = True\r\n        self.assertEqual(a, b)\r\n\r\nif __name__ == '__main__':\r\n    unittest.main()\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884cPython\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n
\n                            \"Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0cPython\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u793a\u4f8b\"\n                        <\/div>\n
Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u901a\u8fc7\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86AssertionError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u9664AssertionError\u5f02\u5e38\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u5728unittest\u6a21\u5757\u4e0b\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u65b9\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u6761\u4ef6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    assertEqual(a,b)<\/td>\na==b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertNotEqual(a,b)<\/td>\na != b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertTrue(x)<\/td>\nbool(x) \u4e3a True<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertFalse(x)<\/td>\nbool(x) \u4e3a False<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIs(a,b)<\/td>\na \u662f b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIs(a,b)<\/td>\na \u662f b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIsNot(a, b)<\/td>\na \u4e0d\u662f b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIsNone(x)<\/td>\nx \u4e3a None<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIsNotNone(x)<\/td>\nx \u4e0d\u4e3a None<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIn(a, b)<\/td>\na \u5728 b \u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertNotIn(a, b)<\/td>\na \u4e0d\u5728 b \u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertIsInstance(a, b)<\/td>\nisinstance(a, b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    assertNotIsInstance(a, b)<\/td>\nnot isinstance(a, b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    Python\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6e90\u7c7bPerson\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570 – get_name()\u548cset_name()\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u8bf7\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u60a8\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    import unittest\r\n\r\n# \u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u5b83\r\nimport Person as PersonClass\r\n\r\n\r\nclass Test(unittest.TestCase):\r\n    \"\"\"\r\n    \u7ee7\u627funittest.TestCase\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\r\n    \"\"\"\r\n    person = PersonClass.Person()  # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316Person\u7c7b\r\n    user_id = []  # \u5b58\u50a8\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u7528\u6237ID\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\r\n    user_name = []  # \u5b58\u50a8\u4eba\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\r\n\r\n    # \u68c0\u67e5Person.set_name\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u51fd\u6570\r\n    def test_0_set_name(self):\r\n        print(\"\u5f00\u59cbset_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\\n\")\r\n        \"\"\"\r\n        \u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5``test_``\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\r\n        \"\"\"\r\n        for i in range(4):\r\n            # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\r\n            name = 'name' + str(i)\r\n            # \u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5217\u8868\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\r\n            self.user_name.append(name)\r\n            # \u4ece\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237ID\r\n            user_id = self.person.set_name(name)\r\n            # \u68c0\u67e5\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u7528\u6237ID\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\r\n            self.assertIsNotNone(user_id)  # \u7a7a\u7684\u7528\u6237ID\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\r\n            # \u5c06\u7528\u6237ID\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\r\n            self.user_id.append(user_id)\r\n        print(\"user_id\u957f\u5ea6 = \", len(self.user_id))\r\n        print(self.user_id)\r\n        print(\"user_name\u957f\u5ea6 = \", len(self.user_name))\r\n        print(self.user_name)\r\n        print(\"\\n\u5b8c\u6210set_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\\n\")\r\n\r\n    # \u68c0\u67e5Person.get_name\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u51fd\u6570\r\n    def test_1_get_name(self):\r\n        print(\"\\n\u5f00\u59cbget_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\\n\")\r\n        \"\"\"\r\n        \u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5``test_``\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\r\n        \"\"\"\r\n        length = len(self.user_id)  # \u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u603b\u6570\r\n        print(\"user_id\u957f\u5ea6 = \", length)\r\n        print(\"user_name\u957f\u5ea6 = \", len(self.user_name))\r\n        for i in range(6):\r\n            # \u5982\u679ci\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u540d\u5b57\r\n            if i < length:\r\n                # \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\r\n                self.assertEqual(self.user_name[i], self.person.get_name(self.user_id[i]))\r\n            else:\r\n                print(\"\u6d4b\u8bd5get_name\u65e0\u7528\u6237\u60c5\u51b5\")\r\n                # \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u68c0\u67e5'\u65e0\u6b64\u7528\u6237'\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\r\n                self.assertEqual('\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64\u7528\u6237', self.person.get_name(i))\r\n        print(\"\\n\u5b8c\u6210get_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\\n\")\r\n\r\n\r\nif __name__ == '__main__':\r\n    # \u5f00\u59cbunittest.main()\r\n    unittest.main()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cunittest\u6a21\u5757\u6309\u7167\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671bset_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9996\u5148\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u51fd\u6570\u547d\u540d\u4e3atest_0_set_name\u548ctest_1_get_name\u3002<\/p>\n
    Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n
    \n                            \"Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6559\u7a0b\"\n                        <\/div>\n
    $ python3.6 -m unittest -v PersonTest.Test\r\ntest_0_set_name (PersonTest.Test) ... \u5f00\u59cbset_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\nuser_id\u957f\u5ea6 =  4\r\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\r\nuser_name\u957f\u5ea6 =  4\r\n['name0', 'name1', 'name2', 'name3']\r\n\r\n\u5b8c\u6210set_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\nok\r\ntest_1_get_name (PersonTest.Test) ... \r\n\u5f00\u59cbget_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\nuser_id\u957f\u5ea6 =  4\r\nuser_name\u957f\u5ea6 =  4\r\n\u6d4b\u8bd5get_name\u65e0\u7528\u6237\u60c5\u51b5\r\n\u6d4b\u8bd5get_name\u65e0\u7528\u6237\u60c5\u51b5\r\n\r\n\u5b8c\u6210get_name\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\nok\r\n\r\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86 2 \u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8017\u65f6 0.000 \u79d2\r\n\r\nOK\r\n$\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8ePython\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u6846\u4e2d\u63d0\u95ee\u3002 \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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