{"id":763,"date":"2022-11-13T00:43:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T05:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%9a%e9%87%8d%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T06:50:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T22:50:27","slug":"java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%9a%e9%87%8d%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%9a%e9%87%8d%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"Java\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8Java\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u524d\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u5728Java\u4e2d\u5199\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8Java\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n

Java\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f<\/h2>\n

\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u6307\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0eC++\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cJava\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002Java\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

Java\u4e2d\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbeJava\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u56fe\u7247\u6240\u793a\u7684\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5047\u8bbeSuperClass\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u800cClassA\u548cClassB\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u3002SuperClass.java<\/p>\n

package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic abstract class SuperClass {\r\n\r\n\tpublic abstract void doSomething();\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
ClassA.java (\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u672c)<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic class ClassA extends SuperClass{\r\n\t\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void doSomething(){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"doSomething implementation of A\");\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/ClassA own method\r\n\tpublic void methodA(){\r\n\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
B\u7c7b.java<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic class ClassB extends SuperClass{\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void doSomething(){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"doSomething implementation of B\");\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/ClassB specific method\r\n\tpublic void methodB(){\r\n\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u5047\u8bbeClassC\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u6269\u5c55\u4e86ClassA\u548cClassB\u3002ClassC.java<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\n\/\/ this is just an assumption to explain the diamond problem\r\n\/\/this code won't compile\r\npublic class ClassC extends ClassA, ClassB{\r\n\r\n\tpublic void test(){\r\n\t\t\/\/calling super class method\r\n\t\tdoSomething();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u5230test()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6b63\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7bdoSomething()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5e94\u8be5\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u83f1\u5f62\u7c7b\u56fe\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728Java\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\u3002Java\u4e2d\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\u662fJava\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
Java\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f<\/h2>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u603b\u662f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u53e3\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002InterfaceA.java<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic interface InterfaceA {\r\n\r\n\tpublic void doSomething();\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
B\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic interface InterfaceB {\r\n\r\n\tpublic void doSomething();\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002InterfaceC.java<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic interface InterfaceC extends InterfaceA, InterfaceB {\r\n\r\n\t\/\/same method is declared in InterfaceA and InterfaceB both\r\n\tpublic void doSomething();\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a5\u53e3\u53ea\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728Java\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6b67\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Java\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8bInterfacesImpl.java\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic class InterfacesImpl implements InterfaceA, InterfaceB, InterfaceC {\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void doSomething() {\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"doSomething implementation of concrete class\");\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) {\r\n\t\tInterfaceA objA = new InterfacesImpl();\r\n\t\tInterfaceB objB = new InterfacesImpl();\r\n\t\tInterfaceC objC = new InterfacesImpl();\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/all the method calls below are going to same concrete implementation\r\n\t\tobjA.doSomething();\r\n\t\tobjB.doSomething();\r\n\t\tobjC.doSomething();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u91cd\u5199\u8d85\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86@\u8986\u76d6\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u8986\u76d6\u6ce8\u91ca\u662fJava\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u91cd\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6551\u63f4\u7684\u4f5c\u6587<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728ClassC\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ClassA\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5methodA()\u548cClassB\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5methodB()\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u5229\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684doSomething()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u7248ClassC\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.inheritance;\r\n\r\npublic class ClassC{\r\n\r\n\tClassA objA = new ClassA();\r\n\tClassB objB = new ClassB();\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic void test(){\r\n\t\tobjA.doSomething();\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic void methodA(){\r\n\t\tobjA.methodA();\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic void methodB(){\r\n\t\tobjB.methodB();\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n
Java\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u975e\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u548c\u5b50\u7c7b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1aClassC.java<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
          package com.Olivia.inheritance;<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          public class ClassC{<\/p>\n
          public void methodC(){
          \n}
          \n}<\/p>\n
          ClassD.java
          \npackage com.Olivia.inheritance;<\/p>\n
          public class ClassD extends ClassC{<\/p>\n
          public int test(){
          \nreturn 0;
          \n}
          \n}<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u6539ClassC\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\uff1aClassC.java
          \npackage com.Olivia.inheritance;<\/p>\n
          public class ClassC{<\/p>\n
          public void methodC(){
          \n}<\/p>\n
          public void test(){
          \n}
          \n}<\/p>\n
          \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0ctest()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u73b0\u5728ClassD\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55IDE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u5728\u8d85\u7c7b\u6216\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u66f4\u6539\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u6709\u591a\u7ea7\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u5e76\u4e14\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e0d\u53d7\u6211\u4eec\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u66f4\u6539\u5b50\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u6216\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ee7\u627f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u6bd4\u7ee7\u627f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8d85\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d85\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u5f53\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d7\u63a7\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u8d85\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u7684ClassC\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u5c06\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u7075\u6d3b\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u5316\u3002ClassC.java
          \npackage com.Olivia.inheritance;<\/p>\n
          public class ClassC{<\/p>\n
          SuperClass obj = null;<\/p>\n
          public ClassC(SuperClass o){
          \nthis.obj = o;
          \n}
          \npublic void test(){
          \nobj.doSomething();
          \n}<\/p>\n
          public static void main(String args[]){
          \nClassC obj1 = new ClassC(new ClassA());
          \nClassC obj2 = new ClassC(new ClassB());<\/p>\n
          obj1.test();
          \nobj2.test();
          \n}
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          \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a
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