{"id":722,"date":"2023-01-27T11:57:41","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T20:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/r%e7%9a%84melt%e5%92%8ccast%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-%e5%9c%a8r%e4%b8%ad%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e6%8e%92%e5%88%97%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T04:57:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T20:57:38","slug":"r%e7%9a%84melt%e5%92%8ccast%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-%e5%9c%a8r%e4%b8%ad%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e6%8e%92%e5%88%97%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/r%e7%9a%84melt%e5%92%8ccast%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-%e5%9c%a8r%e4%b8%ad%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e6%8e%92%e5%88%97%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5fc5\u5907\uff1amelt()\u4e0ecast()\u51fd\u6570\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u5851\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\uff01\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdR\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528R\u7684melt()\u548ccast()\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5851\u3002<\/p>\n

R\u4e2d\u7684melt()\u548ccast()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u4efb\u610f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 R \u7684 melt() \u548c cast() \u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n

I. R \u7684 melt() \u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n

\u5728R\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684melt()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5ef6\u957f\u6570\u636e\u6846\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u503c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u957f\u6570\u636e\u6846\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

melt(<\/span>data-<\/span>frame,<\/span> na.rm =<\/span> FALSE<\/span>,<\/span> value.name =<\/span> \"name\",<\/span> id =<\/span> 'columns'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u91cd\u65b0\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06na.rm\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503cFALSE\uff0c\u8868\u793aNA\u503c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\/\u5217\u540d\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9value.name\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ece\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
ID\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5217\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u91cd\u5851\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93”MASS\u3001reshape2\u548creshape”\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u5217A\u548cB\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5e94\u7528melt()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
rm(<\/span>list =<\/span> ls(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u6e05\u9664\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>\r\n\r\ninstall.packages(<\/span>\"MASS\"<\/span>)<\/span> # \u5b89\u88c5MASS\u5305<\/span> \r\ninstall.packages(<\/span>\"reshape2\"<\/span>)<\/span> # \u5b89\u88c5reshape2\u5305<\/span> \r\ninstall.packages(<\/span>\"reshape\"<\/span>)<\/span> # \u5b89\u88c5reshape\u5305<\/span> \r\n\r\nlibrary(<\/span>MASS)<\/span> # \u52a0\u8f7dMASS\u5305<\/span> \r\nlibrary(<\/span>reshape2)<\/span> # \u52a0\u8f7dreshape2\u5305<\/span> \r\nlibrary(<\/span>reshape)<\/span> # \u52a0\u8f7dreshape\u5305<\/span> \r\n\r\n \r\nA <-<\/span> c(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> # \u521b\u5efa\u5411\u91cfA<\/span> \r\nB <-<\/span> c(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> # \u521b\u5efa\u5411\u91cfB<\/span> \r\na <-<\/span> c(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>20<\/span>,<\/span>30<\/span>,<\/span>40<\/span>,<\/span>50<\/span>,<\/span>60<\/span>,<\/span>70<\/span>,<\/span>80<\/span>)<\/span> # \u521b\u5efa\u5411\u91cfa<\/span> \r\nb <-<\/span> c(<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span>200<\/span>,<\/span>300<\/span>,<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span>500<\/span>,<\/span>600<\/span>,<\/span>700<\/span>,<\/span>800<\/span>)<\/span> # \u521b\u5efa\u5411\u91cfb<\/span> \r\ndata <-<\/span> data.frame(<\/span>A,<\/span>B,<\/span>a,<\/span>b)<\/span> # \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span> \r\n\r\nprint(<\/span>\"\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6846\u63d0\u793a<\/span> \r\nprint(<\/span>data)<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span> \r\n\r\nmelt_data <-<\/span> melt(<\/span>data,<\/span> id =<\/span> c(<\/span>\"A\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"B\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u4f7f\u7528melt\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u5851\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span> \r\n\r\nprint(<\/span>\"\u91cd\u5851\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u91cd\u5851\u540e\u6570\u636e\u6846\u63d0\u793a<\/span> \r\nprint(<\/span>melt_data)<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u91cd\u5851\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span> \r\n   \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> \"\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>\r\n  A B  a   b\r\n1<\/span> 1<\/span> 1<\/span> 10<\/span> 100<\/span>\r\n2<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span> 20<\/span> 200<\/span>\r\n3<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span> 30<\/span> 300<\/span>\r\n4<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span> 40<\/span> 400<\/span>\r\n5<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span> 50<\/span> 500<\/span>\r\n6<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span> 60<\/span> 600<\/span>\r\n7<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span> 70<\/span> 700<\/span>\r\n8<\/span> 1<\/span> 1<\/span> 80<\/span> 800<\/span>\r\n\r\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> \"\u91cd\u5851\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>\r\n><\/span> print(<\/span>melt_data)<\/span> \r\n   A B variable value\r\n1<\/span>  1<\/span> 1<\/span>        a    10<\/span>\r\n2<\/span>  2<\/span> 2<\/span>        a    20<\/span>\r\n3<\/span>  3<\/span> 3<\/span>        a    30<\/span>\r\n4<\/span>  4<\/span> 4<\/span>        a    40<\/span>\r\n5<\/span>  2<\/span> 2<\/span>        a    50<\/span>\r\n6<\/span>  3<\/span> 3<\/span>        a    60<\/span>\r\n7<\/span>  4<\/span> 4<\/span>        a    70<\/span>\r\n8<\/span>  1<\/span> 1<\/span>        a    80<\/span>\r\n9<\/span>  1<\/span> 1<\/span>        b   100<\/span>\r\n10<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span>        b   200<\/span>\r\n11<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span>        b   300<\/span>\r\n12<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span>        b   400<\/span>\r\n13<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span>        b   500<\/span>\r\n14<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span>        b   600<\/span>\r\n15<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span>        b   700<\/span>\r\n16<\/span> 1<\/span> 1<\/span>        b   800<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
II. R\u7684cast()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5e94\u7528melt()\u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6846\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u62c9\u957f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u539f\u59cb\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528R\u7684cast()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
cast()\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5851\u540e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ef5\u5ef6\u6216\u8715\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\u805a\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bed\u6cd5:<\/strong><\/p>\n
cast(<\/span>data,<\/span> formula,<\/span> aggregate function<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3acast()\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3001\u6c42\u548c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u732b\u6b63\u5750\u5728\u57ab\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
rm(<\/span>list =<\/span> ls(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nlibrary(<\/span>MASS)<\/span> \r\nlibrary(<\/span>reshape2)<\/span> \r\nlibrary(<\/span>reshape)<\/span> \r\n\r\nA <-<\/span> c(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> \r\nB <-<\/span> c(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> \r\na <-<\/span> c(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>20<\/span>,<\/span>30<\/span>,<\/span>40<\/span>,<\/span>50<\/span>,<\/span>60<\/span>,<\/span>70<\/span>,<\/span>80<\/span>)<\/span> \r\nb <-<\/span> c(<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span>200<\/span>,<\/span>300<\/span>,<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span>500<\/span>,<\/span>600<\/span>,<\/span>700<\/span>,<\/span>800<\/span>)<\/span> \r\ndata <-<\/span> data.frame(<\/span>A,<\/span>B,<\/span>a,<\/span>b)<\/span> \r\n\r\nprint(<\/span>\"\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span> \r\nprint(<\/span>data)<\/span> \r\n\r\nmelt_data <-<\/span> melt(<\/span>data,<\/span> id =<\/span> c(<\/span>\"A\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> \r\n\r\nprint(<\/span>\"\u7ecf\u8fc7melt\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5851\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span> \r\nprint(<\/span>melt_data)<\/span>\r\n\r\ncast_data =<\/span> cast(<\/span>melt_data,<\/span> A~<\/span>variable,<\/span> mean)<\/span> \r\n\r\nprint(<\/span>\"\u7ecf\u8fc7cast\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5851\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span> \r\nprint(<\/span>cast_data)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u5c06mean\u4f5c\u4e3a\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9cast()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c:<\/strong><\/p>\n
[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> \"\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>\r\n  A B  a   b\r\n1<\/span> 1<\/span> 1<\/span> 10<\/span> 100<\/span>\r\n2<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span> 20<\/span> 200<\/span>\r\n3<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span> 30<\/span> 300<\/span>\r\n4<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span> 40<\/span> 400<\/span>\r\n5<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span> 50<\/span> 500<\/span>\r\n6<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span> 60<\/span> 600<\/span>\r\n7<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span> 70<\/span> 700<\/span>\r\n8<\/span> 1<\/span> 1<\/span> 80<\/span> 800<\/span>\r\n\r\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> \"\u7ecf\u8fc7melt\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5851\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>\r\n   A variable value\r\n1<\/span>  1<\/span>        B     1<\/span>\r\n2<\/span>  2<\/span>        B     2<\/span>\r\n3<\/span>  3<\/span>        B     3<\/span>\r\n4<\/span>  4<\/span>        B     4<\/span>\r\n5<\/span>  2<\/span>        B     2<\/span>\r\n6<\/span>  3<\/span>        B     3<\/span>\r\n7<\/span>  4<\/span>        B     4<\/span>\r\n8<\/span>  1<\/span>        B     1<\/span>\r\n9<\/span>  1<\/span>        a    10<\/span>\r\n10<\/span> 2<\/span>        a    20<\/span>\r\n11<\/span> 3<\/span>        a    30<\/span>\r\n12<\/span> 4<\/span>        a    40<\/span>\r\n13<\/span> 2<\/span>        a    50<\/span>\r\n14<\/span> 3<\/span>        a    60<\/span>\r\n15<\/span> 4<\/span>        a    70<\/span>\r\n16<\/span> 1<\/span>        a    80<\/span>\r\n17<\/span> 1<\/span>        b   100<\/span>\r\n18<\/span> 2<\/span>        b   200<\/span>\r\n19<\/span> 3<\/span>        b   300<\/span>\r\n20<\/span> 4<\/span>        b   400<\/span>\r\n21<\/span> 2<\/span>        b   500<\/span>\r\n22<\/span> 3<\/span>        b   600<\/span>\r\n23<\/span> 4<\/span>        b   700<\/span>\r\n24<\/span> 1<\/span>        b   800<\/span>\r\n\r\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> \"\u7ecf\u8fc7cast\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5851\u6570\u636e\u6846:\\n\"<\/span>\r\n  A B  a   b\r\n1<\/span> 1<\/span> 1<\/span> 45<\/span> 450<\/span>\r\n2<\/span> 2<\/span> 2<\/span> 35<\/span> 350<\/span>\r\n3<\/span> 3<\/span> 3<\/span> 45<\/span> 450<\/span>\r\n4<\/span> 4<\/span> 4<\/span> 55<\/span> 550<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u4e0b\u65b9\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7559\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u795d\u60a8\u5b66\u4e60\u6109\u5feb\uff01<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/reshape2\/versions\/1.4.4\/topics\/melt<\/li>\n
  • https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/reshape2\/versions\/1.4.4\/topics\/cast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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