{"id":569,"date":"2023-10-02T23:07:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-30T06:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/spring%e7%9a%84async%e6%b3%a8%e8%a7%a3%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%8e%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86\/"},"modified":"2025-08-02T19:24:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T11:24:17","slug":"spring%e7%9a%84async%e6%b3%a8%e8%a7%a3%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%8e%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/spring%e7%9a%84async%e6%b3%a8%e8%a7%a3%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%8e%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86\/","title":{"rendered":"Spring @Async\u6ce8\u89e3\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1aJava\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u6218\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728Spring\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c@Async\u6ce8\u89e3\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aSpring\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22@Async\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2aBean\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528@Async\u6ce8\u89e3\u65f6\uff0cSpring\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b83\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Spring Boot 2\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n

Spring @Async \u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528Maven\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u60a8\u5c06\u7528\u4f5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.Olivia.asynchmethods -DartifactId=JD-SpringBoot-AsyncMethods -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528Maven\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aMaven\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6240\u9700\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u548c\u6784\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Maven\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u5728\u60a8\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5b83\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06\u9002\u5f53\u7684Maven\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5305\u542b\u9002\u5f53\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u7684pom.xml\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
<parent>\r\n    <groupId>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId>\r\n    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent<\/artifactId>\r\n    <version>2.0.1.RELEASE<\/version>\r\n    <relativePath\/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->\r\n<\/parent>\r\n\r\n<dependencies>\r\n\r\n    <dependency>\r\n        <groupId>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId>\r\n        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web<\/artifactId>\r\n    <\/dependency>\r\n\r\n    <dependency>\r\n        <groupId>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId>\r\n        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test<\/artifactId>\r\n        <scope>test<\/scope>\r\n    <\/dependency>\r\n\r\n<\/dependencies>\r\n\r\n<build>\r\n    <plugins>\r\n        <plugin>\r\n            <groupId>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId>\r\n            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin<\/artifactId>\r\n        <\/plugin>\r\n    <\/plugins>\r\n<\/build>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u65f6\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9bJAR\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Maven\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5411\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6811\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
mvn dependency:tree\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n
\u542f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u652f\u6301<\/h2>\n
\u542f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u542f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u5229\u7528\u6267\u884c\u5668\uff08Executor\uff09\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.asynchexample;\r\n\r\nimport org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;\r\nimport org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;\r\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;\r\nimport org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;\r\nimport org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;\r\n\r\nimport java.util.concurrent.Executor;\r\n\r\n@SpringBootApplication\r\n@EnableAsync\r\npublic class AsyncApp {\r\n    ...\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86@EnableAsync\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528Spring\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n
@Bean\r\npublic Executor asyncExecutor() {\r\n    ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();\r\n    executor.setCorePoolSize(2);\r\n    executor.setMaxPoolSize(2);\r\n    executor.setQueueCapacity(500);\r\n    executor.setThreadNamePrefix(\"JDAsync-\");\r\n    executor.initialize();\r\n    return executor;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c2\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u961f\u5217\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a500\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5bfc\u5165\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.asynchexample;\r\n\r\nimport org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;\r\nimport org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;\r\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;\r\nimport org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;\r\nimport org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;\r\n\r\nimport java.util.concurrent.Executor;\r\n\r\n@SpringBootApplication\r\n@EnableAsync\r\npublic class AsyncApp {\r\n\r\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\r\n        SpringApplication.run(AsyncApp.class, args).close();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @Bean\r\n    public Executor asyncExecutor() {\r\n        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();\r\n        executor.setCorePoolSize(2);\r\n        executor.setMaxPoolSize(2);\r\n        executor.setQueueCapacity(500);\r\n        executor.setThreadNamePrefix(\"JDAsync-\");\r\n        executor.initialize();\r\n        return executor;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u7684\u7535\u5f71API\uff0c\u8be5API\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e3a\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.asynchexample;\r\n\r\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;\r\n\r\n@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)\r\npublic class MovieModel {\r\n\r\n    private String title;\r\n    private String producer;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u6807\u51c6\u7684getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\r\n\r\n    @Override\r\n    public String toString() {\r\n        return String.format(\"MovieModel{title='%s', producer='%s'}\", title, producer);\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86@JsonIgnoreProperties\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0cSpring\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1<\/h2>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5f71API\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684RestTemplate\u6765\u8bbf\u95eeGET API\u5e76\u5f02\u6b65\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.asynchexample;\r\n\r\nimport org.slf4j.Logger;\r\nimport org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;\r\nimport org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;\r\nimport org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;\r\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;\r\nimport org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;\r\n\r\nimport java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;\r\n\r\n@Service\r\npublic class MovieService {\r\n\r\n    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MovieService.class);\r\n\r\n    private final RestTemplate restTemplate;\r\n\r\n    public MovieService(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {\r\n        this.restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder.build();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @Async\r\n    public CompletableFuture lookForMovie(String movieId) throws InterruptedException {\r\n        LOG.info(\"Looking up Movie ID: {}\", movieId);\r\n        String url = String.format(\"https:\/\/ghibliapi.herokuapp.com\/films\/%s\", movieId);\r\n        MovieModel results = restTemplate.getForObject(url, MovieModel.class);\r\n        \/\/ Artificial delay of 1s for demonstration purposes\r\n        Thread.sleep(1000L);\r\n        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(results);\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86@Service\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7b26\u5408Spring\u7ec4\u4ef6\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002lookForMovie\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u662fCompletableFuture\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7531\u4e8eAPI\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e861\u79d2\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u5668<\/h2>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528CommandLineRunner\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002CommandLineRunner\u4f1a\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6240\u6709bean\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bCommandLineRunner\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.asynchexample;\r\n\r\nimport org.slf4j.Logger;\r\nimport org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;\r\nimport org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;\r\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Component;\r\n\r\nimport java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;\r\n\r\n@Component\r\npublic class ApplicationRunner implements CommandLineRunner {\r\n\r\n    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationRunner.class);\r\n\r\n    private final MovieService movieService;\r\n\r\n    public ApplicationRunner(MovieService movieService) {\r\n        this.movieService = movieService;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    @Override\r\n    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {\r\n        \/\/ Start the clock\r\n        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Kick of multiple, asynchronous lookups\r\n        CompletableFuture<MovieModel> page1 = movieService.lookForMovie(\"58611129-2dbc-4a81-a72f-77ddfc1b1b49\");\r\n        CompletableFuture<MovieModel> page2 = movieService.lookForMovie(\"2baf70d1-42bb-4437-b551-e5fed5a87abe\");\r\n        CompletableFuture<MovieModel> page3 = movieService.lookForMovie(\"4e236f34-b981-41c3-8c65-f8c9000b94e7\");\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Join all threads so that we can wait until all are done\r\n        CompletableFuture.allOf(page1, page2, page3).join();\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Print results, including elapsed time\r\n        LOG.info(\"Elapsed time: \" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));\r\n        LOG.info(\"--> \" + page1.get());\r\n        LOG.info(\"--> \" + page2.get());\r\n        LOG.info(\"--> \" + page3.get());\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u521a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86RestTemplate\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u7535\u5f71ID\u7684\u6837\u4f8bAPI\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
2018-04-13  INFO 17868 --- [JDAsync-1] c.j.a.MovieService  : Looking up Movie ID: 58611129-2dbc-4a81-a72f-77ddfc1b1b49\r\n2018-04-13 08:00:09.518  INFO 17868 --- [JDAsync-2] c.j.a.MovieService  : Looking up Movie ID: 2baf70d1-42bb-4437-b551-e5fed5a87abe\r\n2018-04-13 08:00:12.254  INFO 17868 --- [JDAsync-1] c.j.a.MovieService  : Looking up Movie ID: 4e236f34-b981-41c3-8c65-f8c9000b94e7\r\n2018-04-13 08:00:13.565  INFO 17868 --- [main] c.j.a.ApplicationRunner  : Elapsed time: 4056\r\n2018-04-13 08:00:13.565  INFO 17868 --- [main] c.j.a.ApplicationRunner  : --> MovieModel{title='My Neighbor Totoro', producer='Hayao Miyazaki'}\r\n2018-04-13 08:00:13.565  INFO 17868 --- [main] c.j.a.ApplicationRunner  : --> MovieModel{title='Castle in the Sky', producer='Isao Takahata'}\r\n2018-04-13 08:00:13.566  INFO 17868 --- [main] c.j.a.ApplicationRunner  : --> MovieModel{title='Only Yesterday', producer='Toshio Suzuki'}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373JDAsync-1\u548cJDAsync-2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Spring Boot 2\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Spring\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a\u4e0eSpring\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n
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