{"id":524,"date":"2022-12-08T05:33:30","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T02:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8c-c%e4%b8%ad%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8execvp%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0\/"},"modified":"2025-08-02T15:40:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T07:40:16","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8c-c%e4%b8%ad%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8execvp%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8c-c%e4%b8%ad%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8execvp%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"C\/C++ execvp()\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u51fd\u6570\u300b\u7684\u7b2c1\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51713\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cexecvp()\u51fd\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8eUNIX\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6267\u884cUNIX\u547d\u4ee4\uff01<\/p>\n

\n

execvp()\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684UNIX\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5728<unistd.h>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span> execvp<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> command,<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> argv[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c”\u547d\u4ee4”\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u4e3aPATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230PATH\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff01<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08argv\uff09\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2achar*\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
argv\u6570\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u5176\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5c55\u793a\u4e86argv\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
char<\/span>*<\/span> argument_list[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\"ls\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"-l\"<\/span>,<\/span> NULL<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4ee5NULL\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684char*\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 \"ls -l\"<\/span>\r\nexecvp<\/span>(<\/span>\"ls\"<\/span>,<\/span> argument_list)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5NULL\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5373argv\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aNULL\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7684C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n
\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08C\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0cexecvp()\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff01<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u56e0\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0cexecvp()\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de-1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u6301C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5148\u4f7f\u7528fork()\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528execvp()\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a”\u5206\u53c9-\u6267\u884c”\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528fork()\u548cexecvp()\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u7684C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff01<\/p>\n
\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u51fd\u6570 – \u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u51fd\u6570\u300b\u7684\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51713\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528fork()\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6267\u884c”ls -l”\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cexecvp()\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u7684printf()\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff01<\/p>\n
#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>\r\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    char<\/span>*<\/span> command =<\/span> \"ls\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    char<\/span>*<\/span> argument_list[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\"ls\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"-l\"<\/span>,<\/span> NULL<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"Before calling execvp()\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Calling the execvp() system call<\/span>\r\n    int<\/span> status_code =<\/span> execvp<\/span>(<\/span>command,<\/span> argument_list)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>status_code ==<\/span> -<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"Process did not terminate correctly\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"This line will not be printed if execvp() runs correctly\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
Before calling execvp(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ntotal 3<\/span>\r\n-rwxrwxrwx<\/span> 1<\/span> user user 22088<\/span> May 30<\/span> 16<\/span>:37 a.out\r\n-rwxrwxrwx<\/span> 1<\/span> user user 16760<\/span> May 30<\/span> 16<\/span>:37 sample\r\n-rw-rw-rw- 1<\/span> user user  1020<\/span> May 30<\/span> 16<\/span>:37 sample.c\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u6240\u89c1\uff0cexecvp()\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a”ls -l”\u547d\u4ee4\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff01<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5199\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06execvp()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u653e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528fork()\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u73b0\u5728\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>\r\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    char<\/span>*<\/span> command =<\/span> \"ls\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    char<\/span>*<\/span> argument_list[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\"ls\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"-l\"<\/span>,<\/span> NULL<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"Before calling execvp()\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"Creating another process using fork()...\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>fork<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        \/\/ Newly spawned child Process. This will be taken over by \"ls -l\"<\/span>\r\n        int<\/span> status_code =<\/span> execvp<\/span>(<\/span>command,<\/span> argument_list)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"ls -l has taken control of this child process. This won't execute unless it terminates abnormally!\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> (<\/span>status_code ==<\/span> -<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"Terminated Incorrectly\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        \/\/ Old Parent process. The C program will come here<\/span>\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"This line will be printed\\n\"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
Before calling execvp(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nCreating another process using fork(<\/span>)<\/span>..<\/span>.\r\nThis line will be printed\r\nuser@shell:$ total 3<\/span>\r\n-rwxrwxrwx<\/span> 1<\/span> user user 22088<\/span> May 30<\/span> 16<\/span>:37 a.out\r\n-rwxrwxrwx<\/span> 1<\/span> user user 16760<\/span> May 30<\/span> 16<\/span>:37 sample\r\n-rw-rw-rw- 1<\/span> user user  1020<\/span> May 30<\/span> 16<\/span>:37 sample.c\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5904\u4e8eShell\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u8fd0\u884c\uff01\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u51fd\u6570\u300b\u7684\u7b2c3\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51713\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528execvp()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7fork()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u4f60\u7684C\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff01<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2dexecvp()\u51fd\u6570\u7684Linux\u624b\u518c\u9875<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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