{"id":50726,"date":"2023-12-23T10:31:39","date_gmt":"2023-12-23T02:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e8%80%85%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\/"},"modified":"2023-12-23T15:34:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T07:34:13","slug":"java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e8%80%85%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e8%80%85%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"Java\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53\u60a8\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u65f6\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

\u6839\u636eGoF\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u901a\u77e5\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e3b\u9898\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\u53d6\u6d88\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e3b\u9898\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u77e5\u5b83\u4eec\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7java.util.Observable\u7c7b\u548cjava.util.Observer\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aJava\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002Java\u6d88\u606f\u670d\u52a1\uff08JMS\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba2\u9605\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6a21\u578b-\u89c6\u56fe-\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff08MVC\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u89c6\u56fe\u662f\u6ce8\u518c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684Java\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684Java\u7a0b\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u8017\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u9898\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u9898\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

package com.Olivia.design.observer;\r\n\r\npublic interface Subject {\r\n\r\n\t\/\/methods to register and unregister observers\r\n\tpublic void register(Observer obj);\r\n\tpublic void unregister(Observer obj);\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/method to notify observers of change\r\n\tpublic void notifyObservers();\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/method to get updates from subject\r\n\tpublic Object getUpdate(Observer obj);\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e3b\u9898\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9b\u4e3b\u9898\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.design.observer;\r\n\r\npublic interface Observer {\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/method to update the observer, used by subject\r\n\tpublic void update();\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/attach with subject to observe\r\n\tpublic void setSubject(Subject sub);\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.design.observer;\r\n\r\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\r\nimport java.util.List;\r\n\r\npublic class MyTopic implements Subject {\r\n\r\n\tprivate List<Observer> observers;\r\n\tprivate String message;\r\n\tprivate boolean changed;\r\n\tprivate final Object MUTEX= new Object();\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic MyTopic(){\r\n\t\tthis.observers=new ArrayList<>();\r\n\t}\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void register(Observer obj) {\r\n\t\tif(obj == null) throw new NullPointerException(\"Null Observer\");\r\n\t\tsynchronized (MUTEX) {\r\n\t\tif(!observers.contains(obj)) observers.add(obj);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void unregister(Observer obj) {\r\n\t\tsynchronized (MUTEX) {\r\n\t\tobservers.remove(obj);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void notifyObservers() {\r\n\t\tList<Observer> observersLocal = null;\r\n\t\t\/\/synchronization is used to make sure any observer registered after message is received is not notified\r\n\t\tsynchronized (MUTEX) {\r\n\t\t\tif (!changed)\r\n\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\tobserversLocal = new ArrayList<>(this.observers);\r\n\t\t\tthis.changed=false;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\tfor (Observer obj : observersLocal) {\r\n\t\t\tobj.update();\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic Object getUpdate(Observer obj) {\r\n\t\treturn this.message;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\/\/method to post message to the topic\r\n\tpublic void postMessage(String msg){\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Message Posted to Topic:\"+msg);\r\n\t\tthis.message=msg;\r\n\t\tthis.changed=true;\r\n\t\tnotifyObservers();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\u53d6\u6d88\u6ce8\u518c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fpostMessage()\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5e03\u5c14\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u4eba\u8c03\u7528notifyObservers()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5728notifyObservers()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u77e5\u4ec5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5728\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u76d1\u89c6\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.design.observer;\r\n\r\npublic class MyTopicSubscriber implements Observer {\r\n\t\r\n\tprivate String name;\r\n\tprivate Subject topic;\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic MyTopicSubscriber(String nm){\r\n\t\tthis.name=nm;\r\n\t}\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void update() {\r\n\t\tString msg = (String) topic.getUpdate(this);\r\n\t\tif(msg == null){\r\n\t\t\tSystem.out.println(name+\":: No new message\");\r\n\t\t}else\r\n\t\tSystem.out.println(name+\":: Consuming message::\"+msg);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t@Override\r\n\tpublic void setSubject(Subject sub) {\r\n\t\tthis.topic=sub;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610fupdate()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u8c03\u7528\u4e86Subject\u7c7b\u7684getUpdate()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9update()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
package com.Olivia.design.observer;\r\n\r\npublic class ObserverPatternTest {\r\n\r\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) {\r\n\t\t\/\/create subject\r\n\t\tMyTopic topic = new MyTopic();\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/create observers\r\n\t\tObserver obj1 = new MyTopicSubscriber(\"Obj1\");\r\n\t\tObserver obj2 = new MyTopicSubscriber(\"Obj2\");\r\n\t\tObserver obj3 = new MyTopicSubscriber(\"Obj3\");\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/register observers to the subject\r\n\t\ttopic.register(obj1);\r\n\t\ttopic.register(obj2);\r\n\t\ttopic.register(obj3);\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/attach observer to subject\r\n\t\tobj1.setSubject(topic);\r\n\t\tobj2.setSubject(topic);\r\n\t\tobj3.setSubject(topic);\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/check if any update is available\r\n\t\tobj1.update();\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/now send message to subject\r\n\t\ttopic.postMessage(\"New Message\");\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
Obj1:: No new message\r\nMessage Posted to Topic:New Message\r\nObj1:: Consuming message::New Message\r\nObj2:: Consuming message::New Message\r\nObj3:: Consuming message::New Message\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Java \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7c7b\u56fe<\/h3>\n
\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u53d1\u5e03-\u8ba2\u9605\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5305\u62ec;<\/p>\n
    \n
  • java.util.EventListener in Swing<\/li>\n
  • javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener<\/li>\n
  • javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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