{"id":50687,"date":"2022-12-02T01:36:25","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T11:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%88%9d%e5%a7%8b\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T03:22:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T19:22:29","slug":"%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%88%9d%e5%a7%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%88%9d%e5%a7%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u521d\u59cb()"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aSwift\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373Swift\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6216Swift\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f\u521d\u59cb\u5316()<\/h2>\n

\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6216\u679a\u4e3e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u548cJava\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0cSwift\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u68d8\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

Swift\u7684init()\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
init() {\r\n    \/\/ initialise the stored properties here.\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002 de .)<\/p>\n
class A{\r\n    \r\n    \/\/Compilation error. No initializer is defined.\r\n    var a : Int\r\n    var b : String\r\n    var c : Int?\r\n    let website = \"JournalDev\"\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002Swift\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6307\u51fa\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      \u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668init()\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/ol>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u9010\u4e2a\u6765\u770b\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
        class A{\r\n    \r\n    var a : Int = 5\r\n    var b : String = \"Hello. How you're doing\"\r\n    var c : Int?\r\n    let website = \"JournalDev\"\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Swift\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
        var object = A()\r\nobject.a = 10\r\nobject.c = 2\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684init()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
        class A{\r\n    \r\n    var a : Int\r\n    var b : String\r\n    var c : Int?\r\n    let website = \"JournalDev\"\r\n    \r\n    init(a: Int, b: String) {\r\n        self.a = a\r\n        self.b = b\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar object = A(a: 5, b: \"Hello World\")\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aSwift Optional \u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 self \u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aself \u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u5f15\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Java \u4e2d\u7684 this\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u540e\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4fee\u6539\u5e38\u91cf\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
        class A{\r\n    \r\n    var a : Int\r\n    var b : String\r\n    var c : Int?\r\n    let website : String\r\n    \r\n    init(a: Int, b: String, website: String) {\r\n        self.a = a\r\n        self.b = b\r\n        self.website = website\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar object = A(a: 5,b: \"Hello World\", website: \"JournalDev\")\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668<\/h3>\n
        \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u662f\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u5458\u9010\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
        struct Rect{\r\n    var length : Int\r\n    var breadth : Int\r\n}\r\nvar r = Rect(length: 5, breadth: 10)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        struct Rect{\r\n    var length : Int = 5\r\n    var breadth : Int = 10\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar r = Rect()\r\nvar r1 = Rect(length: 10, breadth: 5)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5e26\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u5458\u9010\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
        struct Rect{\r\n    var length : Int\r\n    var breadth : Int\r\n    \r\n    init(length: Int, breadth: Int) {\r\n        self.length =  length + 10\r\n        self.breadth = breadth + 10\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nvar r = Rect(length: 10, breadth: 5)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf’_’\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
        class A{\r\n    \r\n    var a : Int\r\n    var b : String\r\n    var c : Int?\r\n    let website = \"JournalDev\"\r\n    \r\n    init(_ a: Int, _ b: String) {\r\n        self.a = a\r\n        self.b = b\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar object = A(5,\"Hello World\")\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        struct Rect{\r\n    var length : Int\r\n    var breadth : Int\r\n    \r\n    init(_ length: Int, _ breadth: Int) {\r\n        self.length =  length + 10\r\n        self.breadth = breadth + 10\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nvar r = Rect(10, 10)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Swift\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
        \u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
            \u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u7c7b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5176\u7c7b\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
             <\/p>\n
              \u4fbf\u5229\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6027\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728init\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e4b\u524d\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86convenience\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3002<\/ol>\n
              class Student{\r\n    \r\n    var name : String\r\n    var degree : String\r\n    \r\n    init(name : String, degree: String) {\r\n        self.name = name\r\n        self.degree = degree\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    convenience init()\r\n    {\r\n        self.init(name: \"Unnamed\", degree: \"Computer Science\")\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n}\r\nvar student = Student()\r\nstudent.degree \/\/ \"Computer Science\"\r\nstudent.name \/\/ \"Unnamed\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              \u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u6307\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5229\u6784\u9020\u5668\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Swift\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u59d4\u6258\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n
              \u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
              struct Rect{\r\n    var length : Int\r\n    var breadth : Int\r\n    \r\n    init(_ length: Int, _ breadth: Int) {\r\n        self.length =  length\r\n        self.breadth = breadth\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    init(_ length: Int)\r\n    {\r\n        self.init(length, length)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nvar r = Rect(10, 5)\r\nvar r1 = Rect(15) \/\/initialises the length and breadth to 15\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Swift\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u59d4\u6258\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
              \u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5904\u7406\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
                \n
              • A designated initializer must call a designated initializer from its immediate superclass.<\/li>\n
              • A convenience initializer must call another initializer from the same class.<\/li>\n
              • A convenience initializer must ultimately call a designated initializer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \u4ee5\u4e0b\u63d2\u56fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
                \"swift<\/div>\n
                \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u5411\u4e0a\u59d4\u6d3e\u3002\u4fbf\u5229\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u6a2a\u5411\u59d4\u6d3e\u3002\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528super\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5feb\u901f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u91cd\u5199<\/h3>\n
                \u5728Swift\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u7ee7\u627f\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u5b50\u7c7b\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u57fa\u7c7bVehicle\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u7c7bVehicle\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                enum VehicleType : String {\r\n    case twoWheeler = \"TwoWheeler\"\r\n    case fourWheeler = \"FourWheeler\"\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var vehicleType : VehicleType\r\n    \r\n    init(vehicleType: VehicleType) {\r\n        self.vehicleType = vehicleType\r\n        print(\"Class Vehicle. vehicleType is \\(self.vehicleType.rawValue)\\n\")\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    convenience init()\r\n    {\r\n        self.init(vehicleType: .fourWheeler)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar v = Vehicle(vehicleType: .twoWheeler)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u65b9\u4fbf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 self.init \u8c03\u7528\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
                enum TwoWheelerType : String\r\n{\r\n    case scooty = \"Scooty\"\r\n    case bike = \"Bike\"\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass TwoWheeler : Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType\r\n    var manufacturer : String\r\n    \r\n    init(twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType, manufacturer : String, vType : VehicleType) {\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = twoWheelerType\r\n        self.manufacturer = manufacturer\r\n        print(\"Class TwoWheeler. \\(self.twoWheelerType.rawValue) manufacturer is \\(self.manufacturer)\")\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vType)\r\n        \r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • The designated initializer of the subclass must initialize its own properties before calling the designated initializer of the superclass.<\/li>\n
                • A subclass can modify inherited properties of the superclass only after the super.init is called.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
                  class TwoWheeler : Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType\r\n    var manufacturer : String\r\n    \r\n    init(twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType, manufacturer : String, vType : VehicleType) {\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = twoWheelerType\r\n        self.manufacturer = manufacturer\r\n        self.vehicleType = vType \/\/Won't compile\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vType)\r\n        \/\/self.vehicleType = .fourWheeler \/\/This would work.\r\n        \r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar t = TwoWheeler(twoWheelerType: .scooty, manufacturer: \"Hero Honda\", vType: .twoWheeler)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ee7\u627f\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n
                  var t = TwoWheeler(vehicleType: .twoWheeler) \/\/manufacturer property isn't initialized.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0override\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n
                  class TwoWheeler : Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType\r\n    var manufacturer : String\r\n    \r\n    init(twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType, manufacturer : String, vType : VehicleType) {\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = twoWheelerType\r\n        self.manufacturer = manufacturer\r\n        print(\"Class TwoWheeler. \\(self.twoWheelerType.rawValue) manufacturer is \\(self.manufacturer)\")\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vType)\r\n        \r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    override init(vehicleType: VehicleType)\r\n    {\r\n        print(\"Class TwoWheeler. Overriden Initializer. \\(vehicleType.rawValue)\")\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = .bike\r\n        self.manufacturer = \"Not defined\"\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vehicleType)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u7531\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \/\/This would give a compile-time error since the parameter v doesn't match with the superclass.\r\noverride init(v: VehicleType)\r\n    {\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = .bike\r\n        self.manufacturer = \"Not defined\"\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: v)\r\n    }\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u6784\u9020\u5668\u8986\u5199\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                  class TwoWheeler : Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType\r\n    var manufacturer : String\r\n    \r\n    init(twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType, manufacturer : String, vType : VehicleType) {\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = twoWheelerType\r\n        self.manufacturer = manufacturer\r\n        print(\"Class TwoWheeler. \\(self.twoWheelerType.rawValue) manufacturer is \\(self.manufacturer)\")\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vType)\r\n        \r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    override convenience init(vehicleType: VehicleType) {\r\n        self.init(twoWheelerType: .bike, manufacturer: \"Not Defined\", vType: .twoWheeler)\r\n        self.vehicleType = vehicleType\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nvar t = TwoWheeler(twoWheelerType: .scooty, manufacturer: \"Hero Honda\", vType: .twoWheeler)\r\nt = TwoWheeler(vehicleType: .twoWheeler)\r\n\r\n\/\/Output\r\nFollowing gets printed on the console:\r\nClass TwoWheeler. Scooty manufacturer is Hero Honda\r\nClass Vehicle. vehicleType is TwoWheeler\r\n\r\nClass TwoWheeler. Bike manufacturer is Not Defined\r\nClass Vehicle. vehicleType is TwoWheeler\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u65b9\u4fbf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u8986\u76d6(override)\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u65b9\u4fbf(convenience)\u548c\u8986\u76d6(override)\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668<\/h3>\n
                  \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\u7f16\u5199\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
                  class Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var vehicleType : VehicleType\r\n    \r\n    required init(vehicleType: VehicleType) {\r\n        self.vehicleType = vehicleType\r\n        print(\"Class Vehicle. vehicleType is \\(self.vehicleType.rawValue)\\n\")\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    convenience init()\r\n    {\r\n        self.init(vehicleType: .fourWheeler)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass TwoWheeler : Vehicle{\r\n    \r\n    var twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType\r\n    var manufacturer : String\r\n    \r\n    init(twoWheelerType : TwoWheelerType, manufacturer : String, vType : VehicleType) {\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = twoWheelerType\r\n        self.manufacturer = manufacturer\r\n        print(\"Class TwoWheeler. \\(self.twoWheelerType.rawValue) manufacturer is \\(self.manufacturer)\")\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vType)\r\n        \r\n    }\r\n    \r\n     required init(vehicleType: VehicleType) {\r\n        self.manufacturer = \"Not Defined\"\r\n        self.twoWheelerType = .bike\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vehicleType)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2arequired\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u5c06\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565”override”\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528required\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u65f6\uff0crequired\u548cconvenience\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efaVehicle\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u6765\u6f14\u793arequired\u548cconvenience\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
                  enum FourWheelerType : String\r\n{\r\n    case car = \"Car\"\r\n    case bus = \"Bus\"\r\n    case truck = \"Truck\"\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nclass FourWheeler : Vehicle\r\n{\r\n    var fourWheelerType : FourWheelerType\r\n    var name : String\r\n    \r\n    init(fourWheelerType : FourWheelerType, name: String, vehicleType: VehicleType) {\r\n        self.fourWheelerType = fourWheelerType\r\n        self.name = name\r\n        print(\"Class FourWheeler. \\(self.fourWheelerType.rawValue) Model is \\(self.name)\")\r\n        super.init(vehicleType: vehicleType)\r\n        self.vehicleType = vehicleType\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    required convenience init(vehicleType: VehicleType) {\r\n        self.init(fourWheelerType: .bus, name: \"Mercedes\", vehicleType: vehicleType)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nclass Car : FourWheeler{\r\n    \r\n    var model : String\r\n    \r\n    init(model: String) {\r\n        self.model = model\r\n        print(\"Class Car. Model is \\(self.model)\")\r\n        super.init(fourWheelerType: .car, name: self.model, vehicleType: .fourWheeler)\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    required init(vehicleType: VehicleType)\r\n    {\r\n        self.model = \"Not defined\"\r\n        print(\"Class Car. Model is \\(self.model)\")\r\n        super.init(fourWheelerType: .car, name: self.model, vehicleType: vehicleType)\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • Convenience initializers are secondary initializers in a class.<\/li>\n
                  • Setting a convenience initializer as required means that implementing it in the subclass is compulsory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n
                    \u5b50\u7c7b\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ee7\u627f\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • Don\u2019t define any designated initializers in your subclass.<\/li>\n
                    • Implement all the designated initializers of the superclass. All the convenience initializers would be automatically inherited too.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
                      class Name {\r\n    \r\n    var name: String\r\n    \r\n    init(n: String) {\r\n        self.name = n\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Tutorial: Name {\r\n    \r\n    var tutorial : String? = \"Swift Initialization\"\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar parentObject = Name(n: \"Anupam\")\r\nvar childObject = Tutorial(n: \"JournalDev\")\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
                      class Name {\r\n    \r\n    var name: String\r\n    \r\n    init(n: String) {\r\n        self.name = n\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    convenience init()\r\n    {\r\n        self.init(n: \"No name assigned\")\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Tutorial: Name {\r\n    \r\n    var tutorial : String? = \"Swift Tutorial\"\r\n    \r\n    override init(n : String) {\r\n        super.init(n: n)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar parentObject = Name(n: \"Anupam\")\r\nvar childObject = Tutorial(n: \"JournalDev\")\r\nvar childObject2 = Tutorial()\r\nprint(childObject2.name) \/\/prints \"No name assigned\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u81ea\u52a8\u62e5\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u5feb\u901f\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668<\/h3>\n
                      \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6216\u679a\u4e3e\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57init?\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56denil\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u867d\u7136\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u3002\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                      struct SName {\r\n    let name: String\r\n    init?(name: String) {\r\n        if name.isEmpty { return nil }\r\n        self.name = name\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar name = SName(name: \"JournalDev\")\r\nif name != nil {\r\n    print(\"init success\") \/\/this gets displayed\r\n}\r\nelse{\r\n    print(\"init failed\")\r\n}\r\nname  = SName(name: \"\")\r\n\r\nif name != nil {\r\n    print(\"init success\")\r\n}\r\nelse{\r\n    print(\"init failed\") \/\/this gets displayed\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5e26\u6709\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n
                      enum CharacterExists {\r\n    case A, B\r\n    init?(symbol: Character) {\r\n        switch symbol {\r\n        case \"A\":\r\n            self = .A\r\n        case \"B\":\r\n            self = .B\r\n        default:\r\n            return nil\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nlet ch = CharacterExists(symbol: \"C\")\r\nif ch != nil {\r\n    print(\"Init failed. Character doesn't exist\")\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      class CName {\r\n    let name: String\r\n    init?(name: String) {\r\n        if name.isEmpty { return nil }\r\n        self.name = name\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nvar name  = CName(name: \"\")\r\n\r\nif name != nil {\r\n    print(\"init success\")\r\n}\r\nelse{\r\n    print(\"init failed\")\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5668\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u8986\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
                      \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u91cd\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u975e\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u91cd\u5199\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
                      class CName {\r\n    let name: String\r\n    init?(name: String) {\r\n        if name.isEmpty { return nil }\r\n        self.name = name\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nvar name  = CName(name: \"\")\r\n\r\nclass SubName : CName{\r\n    \r\n    var age : Int\r\n    override init(name: String)\r\n    {\r\n        self.age = 23\r\n        super.init(name: name)!  \r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u975e\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u89e3\u5305\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u5931\u8d25\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740 Swift \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1aApple\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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