{"id":50590,"date":"2023-07-24T18:24:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T11:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/newsql%e7%bb%84%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T15:09:31","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T07:09:31","slug":"newsql%e7%bb%84%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/newsql%e7%bb%84%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90\/","title":{"rendered":"NewSQL\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e<\/h4>\n<p>\u8be5\u6587\u51b3\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u6839\u636eNewSQL\u5f00\u53d1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u6280\u672f\u535a\u5ba2\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u8bba\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\u7ad9\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u6574\u7406\u800c\u6210\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u7531\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u8003\u6240\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u7eb3\u5165\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6307\u6458\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>NewSQL\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/h1>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9NewSQL\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u524d\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5173\u4e8e2020\u5e74\u7684NewSQL\u300b\u7684\u7eed\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>NewSQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>NewSQL\u7684\u67b6\u6784<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>NewSQL\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790NewSQL\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6 (\u672c\u6587)<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7bc7\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aGoogle Cloud Spanner\u53ca\u5176\u514b\u9686\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684NewSQL\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4ee5\u201c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5e76\u652f\u6301ACID\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\uff08\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u7684\uff09\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u201d\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548cNoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6240\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728NewSQL\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">SQL\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u5206\u6563\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b8\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\uff08\u5206\u6563\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b8\uff09<\/ul>\n<p>SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u4e0ePostgreSQL\u6216MySQL\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662fNewSQL\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u662fNewSQL\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u6700\u7ec8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7fa4\u96c6\u5185\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4. \u5bf9NewSQL\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u89e3<\/h1>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9010\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bbaNewSQL\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/16-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0b\u5f80\u4e0a\u9010\u4e2a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.1 \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce<\/h2>\n<p>NewSQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5206\u5e03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5c06\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0cNewSQL\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5728\u89d2\u8272\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\uff09\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684B\u6811\u6b63\u88ab\u540e\u8d77\u4e4b\u79c0\u7684LSM\u6811\uff08\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ed3\u6784\u5408\u5e76\u6811\uff09\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7528RocksDB\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0cB+\u6811\uff08B\u6811\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7248\u672c\uff09\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u7684HDD\u7b49\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e5f\u88ab\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1B+\u6811\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u5374\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u90e8\u5206\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u6574\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5199\u653e\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60f3\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u9605\u8bfb2019\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300aDatabase Internals\u300b\u3002\u5b83\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.1.1 LSM\u6811\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\uff0cB\u6811\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\uff0cLSM\u6811\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86LSM Tree\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u5199\u5165\u5230\u591a\u6b21\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/28-0.png\" alt=\"LSM Tree\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u6765\u6e90\uff1aSQLite4\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6545\u4e8b<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u3010LSM Tree\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3011<br \/>\n\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0cLSM Tree\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bf9Level 0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\uff08\u7248\u672c\u5316\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7c7b\u4f3cB Tree\u7684\u9875\u9762\u8986\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u5199\u653e\u5927\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u78c1\u76d8\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010LSM Tree\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3011<br \/>\n\u5728B\u6811\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u952e\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u503c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728LSM\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684Level 0\u548cLevel 1\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u952e\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684SSTable\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6811\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5199\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u7684Level 0\u7684\u5237\u65b0\u548c\u540e\u53f0\u5408\u5e76\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u65b9\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684SSTable\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cLSM\u6811\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0eB\u6811\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd\u6539\u8fdb\u673a\u5236\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.1.2 RocksDB: \u4f7f\u7528 RocksDB \u5728 NewSQL \u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>RockSDB\u662fFacebook\u5f00\u53d1\u7684LSM Tree\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aLevelDB\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7248\u672c\u3002<br \/>\nSpanner\u514b\u9686\u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528RockSDB\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3010RocksDB\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3011<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Key-Value\u578b\u3067\u6c38\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30c8\u30a2\u3092\u7d44\u8fbc\u307f\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">SSD\u306a\u3069\u4f4e\u30ec\u30a4\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u306a\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u8aad\u53d6\u308a\/\u66f8\u8fbc\u307f\u304c\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30de\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u5727\u7e2e\u3001SCAN\u306a\u3069\u5206\u6563DB\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/ul>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0cRocksDB\u4f5c\u4e3aLSM Tree\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5c42\u9762\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6240\u9700\u7684MVCC\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728CockroachDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86RocksDB\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8865\u5145LSM\u6811\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u5584LSM\u6811\u7684\u8bfb\u6027\u80fd\uff0cRocksDB\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\/\u524d\u7f00\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u524d\u8ff0\u7684CockroachDB\u535a\u5ba2\u548cTiKV\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0cNewSQL\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800cRocksDB\u4f7f\u7528\u952e-\u503c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728RocksDB\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u3002CockroachDB\u548cTiKV\u4f7f\u7528RocksDB\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u5220\u9664\uff08\u5373DELETE FROM\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.1.3 RocksDB\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff1aDocDB<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0eCockroachDB\u548cTiKV\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cYugaByteDB\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7ecf\u8fc7\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684DocDB\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5b83\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86RocksDB\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5728NewSQL\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728YugaByteDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u8981\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Scan\u306b\u8010\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5(mid-point insertion strategy)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Bloom Filter\u53ca\u3073\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u5206\u5272\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">RocksDB\u306e\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u91cd\u8907\u3059\u308b\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3084MVCC\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30b7\u30fc\u30b1\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5229\u7528\u56de\u907f<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u591a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u652f\u6301\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5927\u529b\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u540e\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728YugaByteDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u79f0\u4e3aTablet\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c1\u4e2aTablet=1\u4e2aRocksDB\u5b9e\u4f8b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5148\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2aRocksDB\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728DocDB\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.1.4 \u603b\u7ed3\u81f3\u6b64<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728NewSQL\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86LSM Tree\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684RocksDB\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RocksDB\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9bBloom Filter\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1LSM Tree\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5199\u5165\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u952e\u503c(Key-Value)\u7ed3\u6784\u7684RocksDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9RDB\u7684\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6620\u5c04\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u96c6\u7fa4\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u548c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u50cfDocDB\u90a3\u6837\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5132\u5b58\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u529f\u80fd<\/h4>\n<p>\u807d\u5230\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u6703\u806f\u60f3\u5230SQLite\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u63a8\u85a6\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u300cgo-sqlite3\u4f86\u5efa\u7acbCloud Spanner\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\u300d\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u7247\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u57fa\u65bcSQLite\u7684Spanner\u514b\u9686\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u7406\u89e3\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u6982\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u4eceYugaByteDB\u7684\u6280\u672f\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.2 \u6570\u636e\u5206\u7247<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u7531\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u5272\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u526f\u672c\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u526f\u672c\u57284.3 Raft\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\uff0cRDB\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff08Oracle\uff09\u6216\u9875\u9762\uff08PostgreSQL\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Sharding\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u952e\u503c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u4f4d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;Shard&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7247\uff08Sharding\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u5206\u7247\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u5272\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684Spanner\u53ca\u5176\u4e09\u4e2a\u514b\u9686\u54c1\u7684\u5206\u7247\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u3010\u88681\uff1a\u6bcf\u79cdNewSQL\u7684\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u3011<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">NewSQL\u540dShard\u3092\u6307\u3059\u540d\u79f0Shard\u306e\u6700\u5927\u30b5\u30a4\u30baSharding\u624b\u6cd5\u53c2\u8003URLSpannerSplit4GB<em>range<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/spanner\/docs\/schema-and-data-model?hl=ja#data_model_summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3068\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/a>CockroachDBRange64MB<em>range<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cockroachlabs.com\/docs\/stable\/architecture\/distribution-layer.html#range-splits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Range Splits<\/a>TiKV(TIDB)Region100MB<em>range<\/em>region-max-size\u3067\u6307\u5b9a<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tikv.org\/docs\/3.0\/reference\/faq\/#how-does-region-split\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">FAQ<\/a>YugaByteDBTablet\u5236\u9650\u306a\u3057<em>hash\/range<\/em>100GB\u672a\u6e80\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>4.2.1 \u5206\u7247\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u88681\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2aSharding\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728YugaByteDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5207\u5206\u7b56\u7565\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Sharding\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Algorithmic Sharding (\u4f8b: Memcached\/Redis)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Linear Hash Sharding (\u4f8b: \u904e\u53bb\u306eCassandra)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Consistent Hash Sharding (\u4f8b: DynamoDB\u3001Cassandra)<\/p>\n<p>Range Sharding (\u4f8b: Spanner\u3001HBase)<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u6682\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5206\u7247\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u7ebf\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fd0\u8425\u548c\u907f\u514d\u70ed\u70b9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u7247\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0e\u88681\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6309\u952e\u67e5\u503c\uff08get\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u8bf8\u59820&gt; key&gt; 100\u7b49\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u626b\u63cf\uff09\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/74-0.png\" alt=\"hash\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u800cRange Sharding\uff08\u4e0e\u88681\u7684range\u540c\u4e49\uff09\u5177\u6709\u4e0ehash\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u952e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514dHotspot\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/78-0.png\" alt=\"hash\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\uff08\u8d60\u54c1\uff09\u5206\u5272<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5728Sharding\u4e2d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u6578\u64da\u5206\u5272\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u9069\u7528\u65bcNewSQL\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cOracle Database\u7684\u5206\u5340\u529f\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u5272\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (range\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (NewSQL\u3067\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (hash\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30dd\u30b8\u30c3\u30c8\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b)<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2.2 \u5206\u7247\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6765\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u88681\u6240\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u6587\u6863\u7684\u663e\u793a\uff0cSpanner\u4f3c\u4e4e\u901a\u8fc7range\u8fdb\u884cSharding\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u952e\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514dHotspot\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3b\u952e\u3002<br \/>\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728Spanner\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u5728Shard\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9650\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5728\u8bbf\u95eeShard\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6b64\u5904\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CockroachDB\u548cTiKV\uff08TiDB\uff09\u90fd\u50cfSpanner\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u7247\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7247\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u4f5c\u4e3aRDB\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>YugaByteDB\u4ee5\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u7247\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u907f\u514d\u70ed\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08RDB\uff09\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5206\u7247\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3cSpanner\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5206\u6563\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0chash\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301SQL\u7684NewSQL\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u652f\u6301range\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2.3 \u5730\u7406\u5206\u5272<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u5c0d\u5730\u7406\u5206\u6563\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff09\u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u904eSharding\u9032\u884c\u6578\u64da\u5206\u5272\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u5730\u7406\u5206\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5730\u7406\u5206\u533a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728CockroachDB\u548cYugaByteDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u90e8\u7f72\u5206\u7247\u7684\u6218\u7565\u548c\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0eSpanner\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728CockroachDB\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u201c\u5730\u7406\u5206\u533a\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u7247\u548c\u526f\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728YugaByteDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u652f\u6301\u5730\u7406\u5206\u533a\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76849\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8c37\u6b4c\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u7406\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8eSpanner\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u3002\uff08\u6307Spanner\u7684\u591a\u5730\u533a\u6784\u5efa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u5206\u6563\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684Raft\u5354\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0cLeader \/ Follower\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u914d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u8ac7\u5230\u9019\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2.3 \u603b\u7ed3\u81f3\u6b64<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6570\u636e\u62c6\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efaHotspot\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8303\u56f4\u641c\u7d22\u8f83\u5f31\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8303\u56f4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751fHotspot\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8303\u56f4\u641c\u7d22\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u5bf9NewSQL\u4e2dHash \/ Range\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u5728\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.3 \u6728\u7b4f<\/h2>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u89e3\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Raft\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5206\u7247\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907Shard\u526f\u672c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u5e76\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Raft\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3.1 \u9996\u5148\uff0cRaft\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>Raft\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002(\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u9605\u8bfb\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u8bd1\u7248\u672c)<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cRaft\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u9078\u51fa<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30ed\u30b0\u8907\u88fd<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u80fd\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86Raft\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u590d\u5236\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u5373\u4f7f\u8282\u70b9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u4e25\u91cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4ea4\u66ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002<br \/>\n\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\uff1a\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5Raft\u300b<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u952e\u503c\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u5272\u5230Shard\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Raft\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8be5Shard\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bfb\/\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Raft\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.3.1.1 \u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u50cf\u4e0b\u56fe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u5de6\u5074\u306e\u7dd1\u306e\u4e38\u306f\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u53f3\u5074\u306e3\u3064\u306e\u9752\u3044\u4e38\u304c\u5206\u6563\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5404\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u592a\u7dda\u3067\u56f2\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9752\u4e38\u3001Node a\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306eLeader\u3002\u6b8b\u308a2\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u306fFollower\u3002<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/116-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecdRaft\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u753b\u5c55\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56fe\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u503c 5 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. \u5f53Leader\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7ed9Follower\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5199\u5165Leader\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd8\u672a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u7ed9Follower\u3002<br \/>\n4. Leader\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85Follower\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<br \/>\n5. \u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cLeader\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n6. Leader\u4f1a\u5411Follower\u901a\u77e5\u8fd9\u6b21\u65e5\u5fd7\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u590d\u5236(State Machine Replication)\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728Raft\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u6765\u8bb2\u8ff0Raft\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9Leader\u8fd8\u662fFollower\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u5c11\u6570\u969c\u788d\u6216\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u4e0d\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5206\u6563\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u76842PC\uff08\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u7684\u6545\u969c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u548c\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002\u6709\u5173\u6b64\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6b64\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.3.1.2 \u9009\u51fa\u9886\u5bfc\u8005<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6545\u969c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bLeader\u6216Follower\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u3002<br \/>\n\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1Leader\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aLeader\u5b58\u5728\u3002Raft\u7b97\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u52a8\u753b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u9664\u4e86Leader\/Follower\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e3aCandidate\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/129-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2aFollower\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85election timeout\uff08\u5706\u5708\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5207\u53e3\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684Leader\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. \u7b49\u5f85\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u6295\u7968\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u7f6e\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u3002<br \/>\n4. \u5982\u679c\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u6570\u7968\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n5. \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u5411\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u9644\u52a0\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5fc3\u8df3\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n6. \u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5bf9\u9644\u52a0\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f5c\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u91cd\u7f6e\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u3002<br \/>\n7. \u5982\u679c\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u671f\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u9644\u52a0\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6b65\u9aa41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u60a8\u4e5f\u53c2\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u65f6\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u89e3\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cRaft\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff08\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u4f7fFollower\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u5c11\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3.2 \u5355\u8282\u70b9Raft\u548c\u591a\u8282\u70b9Raft<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6295\u7a3f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201cNewSQL\u662f\u5426\u662f\u591a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\uff1f\u201d\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Raft Group\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5c06\u5bf9\u6b64\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728Raft\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201cNewSQL\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u6309\u7167\u952e\u503c\u5206\u5272\u4e3aShard\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Raft\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8be5Shard\u7684\u526f\u672c\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff09Shard\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u59824.3.1.1\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bShard\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Raft\u6765\u590d\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u5236\u7684Shard\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eRaft Group\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Raft\uff08\u6216Paxos\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6b21\u89e3\u91ca\u7684NewSQL\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e2aRaft Group\uff08\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5355\u4e00Raft\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2aRaft Group\uff08\u5373\u591a\u91cdRaft\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u4ee5\u5355\u4e00Raft\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684etcd\u548c\u4ee5\u591aRaft\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684TiKV\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u3010\u5173\u4e8eetcd\u548cTiKV\u7684Raft Group\u6bd4\u8f83\u3011<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/142-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Kubernetes\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0cetcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5c06Raft Group\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cd\u89c6\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aRaft Group\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">4.3.1.2\u3067\u89e6\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306aRaft\u306e\u30cf\u30fc\u30c8\u30d3\u30fc\u30c8\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u304c\u5897\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">1Shard\u306e\u5024\u306fRaft\u3067\u5408\u610f\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8907\u6570Shard\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u306b\u306f\u5206\u6563\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u95ee\u9898\uff0cCockroachDB\u548cTiKV\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u91cc\u548c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6563\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5c06\u57284.4\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3.3 Raft\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7Raft\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5373Read\uff09\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728Raft\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u7531Leader\u8fdb\u884cRead\u548cWrite\u5904\u7406\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Leader\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406Read\u8bf7\u6c42\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9075\u5b88&#8221;\u8fd4\u56de\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e&#8221;\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff08\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ebf\u6027\u53ef\u8f6c\u79fb\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u57284.4\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53Leader\u6536\u5230Read\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684Leader\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5Leader\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Raft\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003YugaByteDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u7406\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aRaft\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u7701\u7565\u4e862\u53f7\u5fc3\u8df3\u5e76\u4e14Leader\u5bf9Read\u67e5\u8be2\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728YugaByteDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/157-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528:\u300aRaft\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u79df\u7ea6\u5728\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8bfb\u53d6\u300b<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5fc3\u8df3\u56de\u5e94\u4e4b\u524d\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cSpanner\u548c\u5176\u4ed6NewSQL\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3.3.1 \u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u79df\u8d41\u534f\u8bae\u3002 .)<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740Lease Read\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u8df3\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5904\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0cLeader\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9Leader Lease\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b49\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aLease\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e8eDHCP\u7684\u79df\u7ea6\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57284.3.1.2\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u7684\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528Leader Lease\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u540e\u5373\u4f7f\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u65e7\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5728\u79df\u7ea6\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u5c06\u88ab\u964d\u7ea7\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5728\u83b7\u53d6Leader Lease\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>YugaByteDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Leader Lease\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u77ac\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/168-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u79df\u7ea6\u5230\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5c06\u88ab\u964d\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65b0\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u65e0\u9700\u5fc3\u8df3\u5373\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u5207\u6362\u65f6\u7a0d\u4f5c\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u901a\u5e38\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8eYugaByteDB\uff0cTiKV\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3.3.2 \u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u9605\u8bfb<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca&#8221;Lease Read&#8221;\u548c&#8221;Follower Read&#8221;\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1&#8221;Lease Read&#8221;\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46&#8221;Follower Read&#8221;\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981Follower\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406Read\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9bNewSQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86&#8221;Follower Read&#8221;\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86CockroachDB\u5728\u591a\u533a\u57df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6240\u5728\u533a\u57df\u4ee5\u5916\u7684Leader\uff08\u4f7f\u75284.3.3.1\u89e3\u91ca\u7684Leader Lease\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7684Follower\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/176-0.png\" alt=\"c8db\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728CockroachDB\u4e2d\uff0cFollower Read\u662f\u9762\u5411\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d648\u79d2\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1YugaByteDB\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9bFollower Read\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0eCockroachDB\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1Timeline Consistency\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aSpanner\u514b\u9686\uff1aTiDB\/TiKV\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86TiKV\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684Follower Read\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/182-0.png\" alt=\"TiKV\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5728\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u540d\u4e3aReadIndex\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3ReadIndex\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4Raft\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u535a\u5ba2\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003TiKV\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11Leader\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0Follower Read\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u65b0\u68c0\u67e54.3.1.1\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728Raft\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\uff08Follower\uff09\u4f55\u65f6\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u53cd\u6620\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3.4 \u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>Raft\u5177\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Shard\u7684\u590d\u5236\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728Raft\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7Leader\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0cNewSQL\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Lease Read\u548cFollower Read\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.4 \u5206\u6563\u7684\u4ea4\u6613<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u5206\u6563\u5206\u5e03SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u4fdd\u6301\u5206\u6563\u548c\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u5766\u767d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u592a\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff08\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c9\u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">kumagi\u3055\u3093\u306eQiita<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u5fa1\u5f92\u753a\u3055\u3093\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3Spanner\u7684\u514b\u9686NewSQL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9605\u8bfb\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.1 NewSQL\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684NewSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5ba3\u79f0\u652f\u6301&#8221;ACID\u4e8b\u52a1&#8221;\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cACID\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5404\u79cdNewSQL\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u88682: NewSQL\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">NewSQL\u540d\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u5bfe\u8c61\u53c2\u8003URLCockroachDBSerializable<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cockroachlabs.com\/docs\/stable\/transactions.html#isolation-levels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Transactions<\/a>TiKV(TiDB)Snapshot Isolation<br \/>\nExternally consistent<a href=\"https:\/\/tikv.org\/docs\/3.0\/concepts\/architecture\/#transactions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">transactions<\/a>YugaByteDBSnapshot Isolation<br \/>\nSerializable<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.yugabyte.com\/latest\/architecture\/transactions\/isolation-levels\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">isolation-levels<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u652f\u6301Serializable\u6216Snapshot Isolation\u3002\u4e0eOracle\u548cPostgreSQL\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Read Committed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caMySQL\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Repeatable Read\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cNewSQL\u4f3c\u4e4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6beb\u4e0d\u754f\u60e7\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cNewSQL\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528Serializable\u6765\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff08\u5373\u65e0\u9700\u7279\u522b\u8003\u8651\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u907f\u514d\u4e0b\u8ff0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.4.1.1 \u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u4e32\u884c\u5316<\/h4>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0bSerializable\u548cSnapshot Isolation\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728ANSI SQL\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u5219\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f46\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u810f\u8bfb &lt;&lt; \u8bfb\u63d0\u4ea4 &lt;&lt; \u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb &lt;&lt; \u4e32\u884c\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5305\u542b\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb\uff08SI\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u60c5\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aSI\u662f\u5728ANSI SQL\u4e4b\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u57281995\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5bf9ANSI SQL\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86ANSI SQL\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u76848\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u548c6\u79cd\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u30108\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3011<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">P0: Dirty Write<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">P1: Dirty Read (ANSI SQL\u3068\u540c\u7b49)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">P2: Fuzzy Read (ANSI SQL\u3068\u540c\u7b49)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">P3: Phantom (ANSI SQL\u3068\u540c\u7b49)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">P4: Lost Update<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">P4C: Cursor Lost Update<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">A5A: Read Skew<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">A5B: Write Skew<\/ul>\n<p>\u30106\u4e2a\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\u6b21\u3011<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Read Uncommitted<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Read Committed<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Cursor Stability<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Snapshot Isolation<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Repeatable Read<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Serializable<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0cRead Committed &lt;&lt; Repeatable Read \u548c Read Committed &lt;&lt; Snapshot Isolation \u662f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06 Repeatable Read \u548c Snapshot Isolation \u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1 Snapshot Isolation \u53ef\u5bb9\u8bb8 Write Skew\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Repeatable Read \u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\uff0c\u800c Repeatable Read \u53ef\u5bb9\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e7b\u8bfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Snapshot Isolation \u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u89e3\u8bf4\u535a\u5ba2\u3002<br \/>\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u5229\u7528 Cloud Spanner \u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08\u5373\u5feb\u7167\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\uff0cRocksDB\uff08\u5df2\u57284.1\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u62c5\u5f53\u6b64\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.4.1.2 \u53ef\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb<\/h4>\n<p>\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86Serializable\u548c\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684Serializable\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5373\u6027\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aSerializable Snapshot Isolation\uff0c\u5b83\u5728NewSQL\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3aSerializable\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCockroachDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8eSerializable Snapshot Isolation\uff08SSI\uff09\u5728\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<br \/>\n* \u5728\u65e5\u6587\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cSerializable Snapshot Isolation\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u76f4\u5217\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u30b9\u30ca\u30c3\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u5206\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u76f4\u5217\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u30b9\u30ca\u30c3\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u5206\u96e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002(\u4e2d\u7565)&#8230;<br \/>\nSSI\u5728\u5feb\u7167\u5206\u79bb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u5199\u5165\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u5217\u5316\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u5e94\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\uff1a&lt;\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1&gt; ISBN978-4-87311-870-3<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u535a\u5ba2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5173\u4e8eSSI\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6982\u8ff0SSI\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u6765\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5199\u5165\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSSI\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5199\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u7ade\u4e89\uff08\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u9891\u7e41\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86NewSQL\u7684\u77ed\u5904\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7b\u706f\u7247\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6574\u7406\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.2 \u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6563\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0cNewSQL\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u662fSerializable\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684Serializable Snapshot Isolation\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u300aNewSQL\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u6839\u636e\u952e\u503c\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Raft\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u6765\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e8b\u52a1\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\uff08\u5373\u5355\u4e00Raft\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\uff08\u591a\u91cdRaft\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728YugaByteDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Single-Row ACID<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Single-Shard ACID<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Distributed ACID<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u8bb0\u5f55\u6070\u597d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00Shard\u5185\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u591a\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7247\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884cShard\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5355\u4e00Shard\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u672c\u5e7b\u706f\u7247\u7684\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fACID\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d92bb913a08637a6e3d87\/236-0.png\" alt=\"Y8DB txn\" \/><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684YugaByteDB\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u5668\u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u62c5\u4efb\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<br \/>\n\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6d41\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. \u9009\u62e9\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u6570\u636e\uff09\u5199\u5165\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e73\u677f\u7535\u8111\u3002<br \/>\n4. \u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<br \/>\n5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n6. \u6e05\u7406\u6389\u6b65\u9aa43\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6563\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eSpanner\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46Google Cloud\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684TrueTime API\u548cGPS\u00b7\u539f\u5b50\u949f\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u8c03\u6574\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1ID\u7b49\u4e00\u8d77\u63d2\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08MVCC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66ab\u5b9a\u7d00\u9304\u662f\u57283.\u968e\u6bb5\u88ab\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e26\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u767c\u751f\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u767c\u751f\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u57284.4.1.2\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684SSI\u4e2d\u6a02\u89c0\u4e26\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7ade\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c4\u6b65\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c6\u6b65\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728CockroachDB\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5206\u6563\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.4.2.1 \u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5206\u6563\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1f<\/h4>\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u8ff0\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5206\u7247\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cVitess\u7684Sharding\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u5c06\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u5355\u4e2aShard\u7684\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2aShard\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0cVitess\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97&#8221;\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162&#8221;\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u59824.3.1.1\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u5728\u6545\u969c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Vitess\u548cAzure HyperScale\uff08Citus\uff09\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u7247\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u907f\u514d\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff09\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u62b1\u6709\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5c31\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u96be\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5728\u8fd0\u8425\u540e\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u8de8\u5206\u7247\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Vitess\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4&#8221;\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00Shard\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6df7\u5408&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.3 \u9700\u8981\u5206\u6563\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8c08\u6700\u540e\u57284.4.2\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684Timestamp\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u65f6\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3aSpanner\u80fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86TrueTime API\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u71364.4.1\u7684\u88682\u6ca1\u6709\u5217\u51faSpanner\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u6587\u6863\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cSpanner\u652f\u6301\u6bd4Serializable\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684External Consistency\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3Spanner\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528TrueTime API\u548cGPS\u00b7\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u949f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5916\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7b\u706f\u7247\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0cCockroachDB\u548cYugaByteDB\u5728\u6ca1\u6709GPS\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u5e38\u7684NTP\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0eSpanner\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\uff0cCalvin\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u524d\u4e00\u7bc7\u201c1.3 Spanner\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u201d\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684Spanner\u514b\u9686\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u539f\u7248\u4e00\u6837\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6307\u7ebf\u6027\u53ef\u5316\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u535a\u5ba2\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86HLC\uff08Hyblid Logical Clock\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u66ff\u4ee3TrueTime API\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5176\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684LSN\uff08Log Sequence Number\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0cCockroachDB\u548cYugaByteDB\u4f5c\u4e3aSpanner\u7684\u514b\u9686\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caTiDB\/TiKV\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Spanner: TrueTime API<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">CockroachDB: HLC (YugaByteDB\u3068\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u7570\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">YugaByteDB: HLC<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">TiKV: TSO (Timestamp 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