{"id":505,"date":"2023-01-17T11:54:14","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T14:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/%e5%9c%a8r%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84substring%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%85\/"},"modified":"2025-08-02T14:37:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T06:37:05","slug":"%e5%9c%a8r%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84substring%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%9c%a8r%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84substring%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%85\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u8bed\u8a00substring()\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u7b54"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728R\u4e2d\u7684substring()\u51fd\u6570 – \u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u7b2c1\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u51713\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/h2>\n

\u5728R\u4e2d\uff0csubstring()\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4eec\u90fd\u8fc7\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u805a\u7126\u4e8eR\u4e2d\u7684substring()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

substring()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63d0\u53d6\u503c\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u503c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528substr()\u548csubstring()\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

substr(<\/span>x,<\/span>start,<\/span>stop)<\/span>\r\nsubstring(<\/span>x,<\/span>first,<\/span>last=<\/span>1000000L<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • x = \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\/\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
  • Start \/ First = \u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n
  • Stop \/ Last = \u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n
    \u5728R\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528substring()\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26<\/h2>\n
    \u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u5bf9\u8bed\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528R\u4e2d\u7684substring()\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
    #\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5230\u7b2c11\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>(<\/span>\"Journal_dev_private_limited\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nsubstring(<\/span>df,<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>11<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a”\u671f\u520a_\u5f00\u53d1”<\/p>\n
    #\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5230\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>(<\/span>\"Journal_dev\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nsubstring(<\/span>df,<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>7<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a”\u671f\u520a”<\/p>\n
    \u606d\u559c\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u6210\u529f\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u5728R\u4e2d\u7684substring()\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08first\uff09\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08last\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u9700\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u5728R\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528substring()\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u6362<\/h2>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528substring()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u3002\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u5427\uff1f\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    #\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u66ff\u6362\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6765\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>(<\/span>\"We are_developers\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nsubstring(<\/span>df,<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span>7<\/span>)<\/span>=<\/span>\" \"<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a”\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005”<\/p>\n
    #\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>(<\/span>\"R=is a language made for statistical analysis\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nsubstring(<\/span>df,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>=<\/span>\" \"<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a”R\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00”<\/p>\n
    \u592a\u68d2\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff01\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u66ff\u6362\u4e86”_”\uff08\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u548c”=”\uff08\u7b49\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u4f7f\u7528substring()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362<\/h2>\n
    \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f88\u597d\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
    \u4e0d\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n
    # \u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a$<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>c(<\/span>\"Alok\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Joseph\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Hayato\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Kelly\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Paloma\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Moca\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nsubstring(<\/span>df,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span><-<\/span>c(<\/span>\"$\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa = “\u963f\u6d1b$”\u3001”\u7ea6\u745f\u592b$”\u3001”\u6d77\u6258$”\u3001”\u51ef\u5229$”\u3001”\u5e15\u5c14\u739b$”\u3001”\u83ab\u514b$”<\/p>\n
    \u54e6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff1f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u9694\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e86”$”\u7b26\u53f7\uff01<\/p>\n
    \u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f substring() \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u90fd\u88absubstring()\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e86”$”\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u5728R\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528substr()\u548cstr_sub()\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u884c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u5217\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u5217\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6280\u672f\u548c\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>data.frame(<\/span>Technologies=<\/span>c(<\/span>\"Datascience\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"machinelearning\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Deeplearning\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Artificalintelligence\"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>Popularity=<\/span>c(<\/span>\"70%\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"85%\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"90%\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"95%\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
               Technologies      Popularity\r\n1           Datascience        70%\r\n2       machinelearning        85%\r\n3          Deeplearning        90%\r\n4 Artificalintelligence        95%\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728R\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528substr()\u51fd\u6570\u4eceTechnologies\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c8-10\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u5305\u542b\u63d0\u53d6\u503c\u7684\u65b0\u5217<\/span>\r\ndf$<\/span>Extracted_Technologies=<\/span>substr(<\/span>df$<\/span>Technologies,<\/span>8<\/span>,<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
                 Technologies       Popularity     Extracted_Technologies\r\n1           Datascience_DS        70%                    enc\r\n2       machinelearning_ML        85%                    lea\r\n3          Deeplearning_DL        90%                    rni\r\n4 Artificalintelligence_AI        95%                    ali\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    R\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528str_sub()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86substr()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7814\u7a76str_sub()\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
    df<-<\/span>data.frame(<\/span>Technologies=<\/span>c(<\/span>\"Datascience\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"machinelearning\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Deeplearning\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"Artificalintelligence\"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>Popularity=<\/span>c(<\/span>\"70%\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"85%\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"90%\"<\/span>,<\/span>\"95%\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
               Technologies      Popularity\r\n1           Datascience        70%\r\n2       machinelearning        85%\r\n3          Deeplearning        90%\r\n4 Artificalintelligence        95%\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u55ef\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528str_sub()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728R\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\/\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
    # \u4f7f\u7528str_sub\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\r\ndf$<\/span>Extracted_Technologies=<\/span>str_sub(<\/span>df$<\/span>Technologies,<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>15<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n><\/span> df\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u6240\u89c1\uff0cstr_sub()\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
               Technologies   Popularity    Extracted_Technologies\r\n1           Datascience        70%                     ce\r\n2       machinelearning        85%                 arning\r\n3          Deeplearning        90%                    ing\r\n4 Artificalintelligence        95%                 intell\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
    \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u751f\u6210\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u50cfsubstr()\u3001substring()\u548cstr_sub()\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u3002<\/p>\n
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