{"id":50081,"date":"2023-05-13T14:13:25","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T13:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e5%ae%8c%e6%88%90%e3%80%90django%e3%80%91djangorestframework%e7%9a%84%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%80%be%e5%90%91\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T03:57:36","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T19:57:36","slug":"%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e5%ae%8c%e6%88%90%e3%80%90django%e3%80%91djangorestframework%e7%9a%84%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%80%be%e5%90%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e5%ae%8c%e6%88%90%e3%80%90django%e3%80%91djangorestframework%e7%9a%84%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%80%be%e5%90%91\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b8c\u6210\u3010Django\u3011DjangoRESTFramework\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u95e8\u503e\u5411"},"content":{"rendered":"

Django REST Framework \u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u95e8<\/h1>\n

\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u7167\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u82b1\u62db\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/h2>\n
# \u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u4f5c\u6210\r\n$ mkdir drf && cd drf\r\n\r\n# \u4eee\u60f3\u74b0\u5883\u4f5c\u6210\r\n$ python -m venv drf\r\n$ source drf\/bin\/activate\r\n\r\n# django , django rest framework \u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\r\n$ pip install --upgrade pip\r\n$ pip install django\r\n$ pip install djangorestframework\r\n\r\n# \u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3001\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\r\n$ django-admin startproject tutorial\r\n$ cd tutorial\r\n$ django-admin startapp quickstart\r\n\r\n# migrate, \u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u4f5c\u6210\r\n$ python manage.py migrate\r\n$ python manage.py createsuperuser --email admin@example.com --username admin\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199API<\/h2>\n
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5668<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aserializers.py\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib.auth.models<\/span> import<\/span> User<\/span>,<\/span> Group<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> rest_framework<\/span> import<\/span> serializers<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> UserSerializer<\/span>(<\/span>serializers<\/span>.<\/span>HyperlinkedModelSerializer<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        model<\/span> =<\/span> User<\/span>\r\n        fields<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'url'<\/span>,<\/span> 'username'<\/span>,<\/span> 'email'<\/span>,<\/span> 'groups'<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> GroupSerializer<\/span>(<\/span>serializers<\/span>.<\/span>HyperlinkedModelSerializer<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        model<\/span> =<\/span> Group<\/span>\r\n        fields<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'url'<\/span>,<\/span> 'name'<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5668\u3002
\n\u2192 \u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5668<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eRESTful\u7684API\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5173\u7cfb\u8f83\u597d\u3002
\n\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5668\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u5148\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89c2\u5bdf<\/h3>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fviews.py\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib.auth.models<\/span> import<\/span> User<\/span>,<\/span> Group<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> rest_framework<\/span> import<\/span> viewsets<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> rest_framework<\/span> import<\/span> permissions<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> quickstart.serializers<\/span> import<\/span> UserSerializer<\/span>,<\/span> GroupSerializer<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> UserViewSet<\/span>(<\/span>viewsets<\/span>.<\/span>ModelViewSet<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    queryset<\/span> =<\/span> User<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>().<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>'-date_joined'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    serializer_class<\/span> =<\/span> UserSerializer<\/span>\r\n    permission_classes<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>permissions<\/span>.<\/span>IsAuthenticated<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> GroupViewSet<\/span>(<\/span>viewsets<\/span>.<\/span>ModelViewSet<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    queryset<\/span> =<\/span> Group<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    serializer_class<\/span> =<\/span> GroupSerializer<\/span>\r\n    permission_classes<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>permissions<\/span>.<\/span>IsAuthenticated<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
ViewSet\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u7aef\u70b9\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u5229\u7528ViewSet\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6c47\u603b\u8d77\u6765\u3002
\nViewSet\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528ViewSet\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u6c47\u603b\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\n\u6211\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e24\u6b21\u3002
\n\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002
\n\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aAPI\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u9700\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7db2\u5740<\/h3>\n
\u542c\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528ViewSet\u4ee3\u66ffview\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7528\u4e8eAPI\u7684URL\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u5c06viewsets\u6ce8\u518c\u5230router\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
url.py \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>,<\/span> include<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> rest_framework<\/span> import<\/span> routers<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> quickstart<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span>\r\n\r\nrouter<\/span> =<\/span> routers<\/span>.<\/span>DefaultRouter<\/span>()<\/span>\r\nrouter<\/span>.<\/span>register<\/span>(<\/span>r<\/span>'users'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>UserViewSet<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nrouter<\/span>.<\/span>register<\/span>(<\/span>r<\/span>'groups'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>GroupViewSet<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'admin\/'<\/span>,<\/span> admin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> include<\/span>(<\/span>router<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>)),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'api-auth\/'<\/span>,<\/span> include<\/span>(<\/span>'rest_framework.urls'<\/span>,<\/span> namespace<\/span>=<\/span>'rest_framework'<\/span>)),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
router = routers.DefaultRouter() : \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u662f\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8def\u7531\u5668
\nrouter.register(~~) : \u6211\u60f3\u662f\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n
\/router\/ : \u53c2\u8003 router \u7684 urls
\n\/api-auth\/ : \u53c2\u8003 rest_framework \u7684 urls<\/p>\n
\u5206\u9875<\/h2>\n
\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728settings.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePagination\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u9875\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5206\u9875\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
# Pagination(setting.py \u6700\u4e0b\u90e8\u306b\u8ffd\u8a18)\r\n<\/span>REST_FRAMEWORK<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS'<\/span>:<\/span> 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'PAGE_SIZE'<\/span>:<\/span> 10<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728Settings.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0rest_framework\u5305<\/h2>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06rest_framework\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230INSTALLED_APP\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
# Application definition\r\n<\/span>\r\nINSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'rest_framework'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u8ba4API<\/h2>\n
\u65e2\u7136\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9API\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
$ python manage.py runserver\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u529f\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a
\n\u203b \u5c06[\u5bc6\u7801]\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n
$ curl -H 'Accept: application\/json; indent=4' -u admin:[password] http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/users\/\r\n\r\n{\r\n    \"count\": 1,\r\n    \"next\": null,\r\n    \"previous\": null,\r\n    \"results\": [\r\n        {\r\n            \"url\": \"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/users\/1\/\",\r\n            \"username\": \"admin\",\r\n            \"email\": \"admin@example.com\",\r\n            \"groups\": []\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6536\u5230\u4e86JSON\u6570\u636e\uff01<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u3082OK<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\/users\/1 \u3068\u304b\u5165\u529b\u3057\u305f\u3089\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b
      \n\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u306a\u3044\u3068403 forbidden\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u53f3\u4e0a\u306b\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30dc\u30bf\u30f3\u304c\u3042\u308b<\/p>\n
      \u7ed3\u675f<\/h1>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528Django REST Framework\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7URL\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee5JSON\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u505a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528React\uff08Next.js\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2aJSON\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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