{"id":50052,"date":"2023-04-08T16:49:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T16:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bb%8e%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%ad%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96django%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e5%88%9d%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%85\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T22:33:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T14:33:42","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%ad%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96django%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e5%88%9d%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bb%8e%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%ad%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96django%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e5%88%9d%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6Django\u67e5\u8be2[\u521d\u5b66\u8005]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u4f1a\u6574\u7406\u5728Django\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528filter\u65b9\u6cd5\u548cget\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\uff08Query\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u4e0a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\":heavy_check_mark:\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d8efe913a08637a6d7dfe\/2-0.png\" alt=\":heavy_check_mark:\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u6e32\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d8efe913a08637a6d7dfe\/5-0.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h1>\u73af\u5883<\/h1>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Python 3.8.5<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Django 3.1<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u83b7\u53d6\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/h1>\n<p>get\u548cfilter\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u5358\u4f53\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u53d6\u5f97<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">1\u4ef6\u3082\u53d6\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u767a\u751f<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306bDB\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u5f97<\/ul>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u578b\u540d\u4e3a&#8221;\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u540d&#8221;\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>Customer.objects.get(id=1)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u952e\uff08\u5982id\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pk\u3002<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.get(pk=&#8217;\u689d\u4ef6\u8f38\u5165&#8217;)\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>Customer.objects.get(pk=1)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c<br \/>\n\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u59cb\u7ec8\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u548cQuerySet\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u50cf\u5217\u8868\u4e00\u6837\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customer = Customer.objects.get(pk=customer_id)\r\nif(customer.age &lt; 20):\r\n    pass\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5927\u6982\u7684\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u4fbf\u5c06filter\u548cget\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679cfilter\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528get()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>2. \u67e5\u8be2\u96c6\u5408\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/h1>\n<p>get\u548cfilter\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u9644\u6ce8\u4e2d\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u53d6\u5f97<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">0\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97\u3067\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002for, print\u306a\u3069\u306a\u3069\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u898b\u306a\u3044\u3068\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306bDB\u306b\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3002&gt;&gt; # \u6163\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3089\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3044\u3053\u3068<\/ul>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u66ab\u6642\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c<br \/>\n\u300cQuerySet\u662f\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6aa2\u7d22\u548c\u7372\u53d6\u6578\u64da\u300d<br \/>\n\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc.get()\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u53d6\u6578\u64da\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\u9019\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u4fbf\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>2.1 \u5168\u90e8\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h1>\n<p>\u5f53\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.all()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f1a\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08QuerySet\uff09\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<br \/>\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e SQL \u4e2d\u7684 SELECT * FROM oooo; \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>2.2 \u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u603b\u7ed3-\u4f7f\u7528QuerySet\u7684filter\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h1>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08QuerySet\uff09\u5e76\u9644\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c<\/h2>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165&#8217;)<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6name\u4e3aSato\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name='Sato')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0e\u59d3\u540d\u4e3aSato\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<h2>2.2.1 AND\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5c06\u5176\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765.<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field1=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6\u8f93\u51651&#8242;, field2=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6\u8f93\u51652&#8242;)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53d6\u5f97\u540d\u5b57\u4e3aSato\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a50\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name='Sato', age=50)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.2 \u6216\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86django.db.models\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Q\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\u6ee1\u8db3\u540d\u79f0\u4e3aSato\u6216\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a50\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>from django.db.models import Q \r\n\r\ncustomers = Customer.objects.filter(Q(name='Sato') | Q(age=50))\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.3 \u5728\u54ea\u91cc (IN Sentence)<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed9\u7b5b\u9009\u5668\u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6761\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u806a\u660e\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field__in=[\u5217\u8868\u6570\u636e])<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679cname\u662fSato\u3001Takahashi\u6216Tanaka\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__in=['Sato', 'Takahashi', 'Tanaka'])\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u51c6\u5907\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u5355\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2.2.4 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u7b49\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6 (&#8220;&gt;&#8221;, &#8220;&lt;&#8220;, &#8220;&gt;=&#8221;, &#8220;&lt;=&#8221;)<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u7b49\u53f7\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\n\u610f\u5473gt(greater than) \u8d85gte(greater than equal) \u4ee5\u4e0alt(less than) \u672a\u6e80lte(less than equal) \u4ee5\u4e0b<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u8d85\u8fc7<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7684\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879\uff1a<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u548cgt\uff08greater than\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/>\n\u6a21\u578b\u540d\u79f0.objects.filter(field__gt=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u662f&#8221;\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e20&#8243;\uff08age &gt; 20\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__gt=20)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/h3>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field__gte=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)<br \/>\n\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u548cgte\uff08\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a\u201c\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e20\u201d\uff08age &gt;= 20\uff09\u5219<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__gte=20)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u4e0d\u5230<\/h3>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field__lt=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)<br \/>\n_(\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf)\u4e24\u4e2a\u548clt(\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7684\u7f29\u5199)\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a\u5982\u679c &#8220;\u5e74\u9f84\u5c0f\u4e8e10&#8221; (age &lt; 10)<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__lt=10)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u4ee5\u4e0b(\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7)<\/h3>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(\u5b57\u6bb5__lte=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u548clte\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u662f&#8221;\u5e74\u9f84\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e10&#8243;\uff08age &lt;= 10\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__lte=10)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.5 BETWEEN\u53e5\uff1a\u8303\u56f4\u53e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field__range=(start, end))<br \/>\n_(\u5e95\u7ebf)\u91cd\u590d\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86range\u6570\u503c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6216\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u4e3astart\u548cend\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u8be2\u5bf9\u8c61 Sample \u4e2d\u5b57\u6bb5 field \u503c\u5728 start \u548c end \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728SQL\u4e2d\uff0cage BETWEEN 0 AND 20\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a0 \u2264 age \u4e14 age \u2264 20\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__range=(0, 20))\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.6 LIKE Clause:<br \/>\n2.2.6 LIKE\u5b50\u53e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709&#8221;LIKE&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u586b\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u4f3c<\/h3>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/h4>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(\u5b57\u6bb5__contains=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u201csa\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__contains='sa')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5927\u5199\u548c\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u65e0\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(\u5b57\u6bb5__icontains=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u540d\u5b57\u5305\u542bSa\u3001SA\u6216sa\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__contains='sa')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5f80\u524d\u65b9\u770b\u53bb<\/h3>\n<p>\u6587\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n<h4>\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/h4>\n<p>(Note: This translation assumes that &#8220;\u5927\u5c0f\u5199&#8221; refers to &#8220;capitalization,&#8221; which is commonly used in Chinese to describe the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters.)<\/p>\n<p>\u53d6\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b57\u6bcd&#8217;T&#8217;\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/>\nModelName.objects.filter(name__startswith=&#8217;T&#8217;)<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__startwith='T')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0d\u533a\u5206<\/h4>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\u4ee5\u5b57\u6bcdT\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982TA\u3001ta\u3001Ta\u3001tA\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__istartwith='Ta')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u540e\u65b9\u4fdd\u6301\u7edf\u4e00<\/h3>\n<p>\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6587\u5b57<\/p>\n<h4>\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6709\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\u4ee5\u5b57\u6bcda\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u540d.objects.filter(name__endwith=&#8217;a&#8217;) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__endwith='a')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u65e0\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4ee5KA\u3001ka\u3001Ka\u6216kA\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(name__iendswith='ka')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u4ee5\u53caiexact<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field__iexact=&#8217;\u6761\u4ef6&#8217;)\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662fSato\u3001SATO\u8fd8\u662fsato\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(neme__iexact='sato')\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.7 \u641c\u7d22 NULL (IS NULL)\u3001\u6392\u9664 (IS NOT NULL)<\/h2>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d.objects.filter(field__isnull=True) \u4e2d\u7684\u201c__isnull=True\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6NULL\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u540d\u79f0.objects.filter(field__contains=&#8217;_&#8217;)<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5c06NULL\u6392\u9664\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6age\u4e3aNULL\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__isnull=True)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.8 \u6392\u5e8f: \u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u5230queryset\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cfSQL\u4e2d\u7684order_by\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">order_by<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># id\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u6607\u9806\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">order_by<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">-id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># id\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u964d\u9806\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">order_by<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">age<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># id\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u5f8c\u306bage\u3067\u3082\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c-\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u4e3a\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u5199\u591a\u4e2a\uff0c\u5219\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<br \/>\n\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5b98\u65b9\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u5173\u4e8e Django \u6a21\u578b\u67e5\u8be2\u96c6 `order_by` \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.2\/ref\/models\/querysets\/#django.db.models.query.QuerySet.order_by<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>2.2.9 \u8ba1\u6570\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6570\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570count()\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528Queryset\u7684count\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.all()\r\ncount = count(customers)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879:<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>count = Customer.objects.all().count()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.10 \u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5417\uff1f\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 True \u6216 False \u56de\u7b54\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528if\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u201d\u7684\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u572810\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>if Customer.objects.filter(age__lte=10).exists()\r\n    pass\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.11 \u6392\u9664\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u65f6\u6392\u9664\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u7b5b\u9009\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5373\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u83b7\u53d610\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.exclude(age__lte=10)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.12\u9996\u5148\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u96c6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n<p>\u7528\u5341\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__lte=10).order_by('created_at').first()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u540c\u4e49\u77ed\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__lte=10).order_by('created_at')[0]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.13 \u6700\u540e\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u96c6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e&#8221;first&#8221;\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__lte=10).order_by('created_at').last()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76f8\u540c\u610f\u3002\u53ea\u662forder_by\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53d8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>customers = Customer.objects.filter(age__lte=10).order_by('-created_at')[0]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.2.14 \u9650\u5236\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u540d<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">()[:<\/span><span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># 5\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97(Limit 5)\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u540d<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">()[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># 5~10\u4ef6\u3092\u53d6\u5f97(OFFSET 5 LIMIT 5)\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u53ef\u4ee5\u53e0\u52a0\u5404\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528count\u548cexists\u7b49\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u62fc\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">order_by<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># id\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u6607\u9806\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">order_by<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">-id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># id\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u964d\u9806\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">filter<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">name<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">Sato<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">reverse<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># \u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u53d6\u5f97\u3002Queryset\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u9006\u306b\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u5f97\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">filter<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">name<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">Sato<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">count<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># \u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u306e\u6570\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">values<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">email<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">distinct<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># email\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u91cd\u8907\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u9664\u53bb\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06queryset\u653e\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>queryset = Customer.objects.filter(name='Sato')\r\nqueryset = queryset.filter(age__lte=10)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;if&#8221;\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/h1>\n<h2>\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\uff08\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/ref\/models\/querysets\/#values<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; Blog.objects.filter(name__startswith='Beatles').values()\r\n&lt;QuerySet [{'id': 1, 'name': 'Beatles Blog', 'tagline': 'All the latest Beatles news.'}]&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c4\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386QuerySet\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u96be\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5de5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0value\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5982\u679c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5143\u7ec4\u83b7\u53d6values_list\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>values_list\u4e0evalues\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/ref\/models\/querysets\/#values-list<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Entry<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">values_list<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">headline<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">QuerySet<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">First entry<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"p\">...]<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"kn\">from<\/span> <span class=\"n\">django.db.models.functions<\/span> <span class=\"kn\">import<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Lower<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Entry<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">values_list<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">id<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Lower<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">headline<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">QuerySet<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">first entry<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"p\">...]<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u5e0c\u671b\u53d6\u5f97\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684ID\uff08\u4e3b\u952e\uff09\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u5b9aflat=True\u4f1a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5217\u8868\u800c\u975eQuerySet\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528list()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Entry<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">values_list<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">pk<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">flat<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"bp\">True<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">QuerySet<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"p\">...]<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3059\u308b all()\u3092filter()\u306b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u6761\u4ef6\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u53ef\u80fd\r\n<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">list<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Entry<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span><span class=\"p\">().<\/span><span class=\"nf\">values_list<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">pk<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">flat<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"bp\">True<\/span><span class=\"p\">)))<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"p\">...]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h1>\u586b\u8865\u7f3a\u7f16<\/h1>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9644\u52a0\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7ec3\u4e60\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728Django\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cCRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728shell\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528shell\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ashell_plus\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u51c6\u5907<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u5e94\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u662faccounts\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Model<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">name<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nc\">CharField<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">max_length<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">100<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">phone<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nc\">CharField<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">max_length<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nc\">CharField<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">max_length<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">255<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">age<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nc\">IntegerField<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">created_at<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nc\">DateTimeField<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">auto_now_add<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"bp\">True<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5236\u4f5c\u7ec3\u4e60\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u4ed8\u800c\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u203bmanage.py\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528manage.py\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u5207\u6362\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ django-admin startproject django_docker\r\n$ cd django_docker\r\n$ python manage.py startapp accounts\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7f16\u8f91settings.py\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">django.contrib.admin<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">django.contrib.auth<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">django.contrib.contenttypes<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">django.contrib.sessions<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">django.contrib.messages<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">django.contrib.staticfiles<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"s\">accounts<\/span><span class=\"sh\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"c1\"># \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u521a\u624d\u5199\u7684models.py\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ python manage.py makemigrations\r\n$ python manage.py migrate\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cffixture\u4e00\u6837\u6dfb\u52a0\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ python manage.py createsuperuser\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u610f\u586b\u5199\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u5728admin.py\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from<\/span> <span class=\"n\">django.contrib<\/span> <span class=\"kn\">import<\/span> <span class=\"n\">admin<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"kn\">from<\/span> <span class=\"n\">.models<\/span> <span class=\"kn\">import<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"n\">admin<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">site<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">register<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d8efe913a08637a6d7dfe\/182-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2020-09-21 0.35.07.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ba2\u6237\u300d\u8fdb\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5728shell\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6Django\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ python manage.py shell\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u5bfc\u5165(import)\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from accounts.models import *\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer = Customer.objects.all()\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer\r\n&lt;QuerySet [&lt;Customer: Sato&gt;, &lt;Customer: Tanaka&gt;]&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u7b5b\u9009<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528get()\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deDoesNotExist\u9519\u8bef\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528filter()\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u96c6(Queryset)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_filter = Customer.objects.filter(id=1)\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_filter\r\n&lt;QuerySet [&lt;Customer: Sato&gt;]&gt;\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_get = Customer.objects.get(id=1)\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_get\r\n&lt;Customer: Sato&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 QuerySet \u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<br \/>\n\u901a\u8fc7 filter \u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7684 QuerySet \u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 for \u5faa\u73af\u9010\u4e2a\u53d6\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528customer_filter.name\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002<br \/>\n\u800ccustomer_get.name\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cQuerySet\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528get\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u9010\u4e2a\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_filter = Customer.objects.filter(id=1)\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_filter.name\r\n\r\nTraceback (most recent call last):\r\n  File \"&lt;console&gt;\", line 1, in &lt;module&gt;\r\nAttributeError: 'QuerySet' object has no attribute 'name'\r\n\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; customer_filter = Customer.objects.filter(id=1)\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; for c in customer_filter:\r\n...     c.name\r\n... \r\n'Sato'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>get\u7684DoesNotExist<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u786e\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5904\u7406\u60c5\u51b5\u5f02\u5e38\uff08DoesNotExist\uff09\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528get\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>try:\r\n    user = User.objects.get(pk=id)\r\n    # \u3053\u3053\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u66f8\u304f\r\nexcept User.DoesNotExist:\r\n     pass\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5f53\u4f60\u9010\u6e10\u719f\u6089\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u67e5\u8be2\u96c6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; q = accounts.objects.filter(name__startswith=\"T\")\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; q = q.filter(created_at__lte=datetime.date.today())\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; q = q.exclude(age__gte=30)\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; print(q)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u67093\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u540e\u7684print(q)\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<br \/>\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u6b21\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d1\u9001\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7e41\u91cd\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5982\u679c\u5728filter\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528get()\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u6709\u70b9\u5197\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">customer<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">filter<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">id<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528get()\u3002\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">1\u884c\u3067\u30b9\u30c3\u30ad\u30ea\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u305b\u308b<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\uff12\u3064\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u3089\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">customer<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">filter<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">id<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">get<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4e8c\u3064\u306a\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u51fa\u308b\r\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">customer<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Customer<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">objects<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">filter<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">id__in<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">]).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">get<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">apps<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">customers<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">models<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Contract<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">MultipleObjectsReturned<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">get<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"n\">returned<\/span> <span class=\"n\">more<\/span> <span class=\"n\">than<\/span> <span class=\"n\">one<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Contract<\/span> <span class=\"o\">--<\/span> <span class=\"n\">it<\/span> <span class=\"n\">returned<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"err\">!<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h1>\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173Django\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6307\u5357\uff1a<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/topics\/db\/queries\/<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173Django\u6a21\u578b\u67e5\u8be2\u96c6\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863\uff1a<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/ref\/models\/querysets\/<\/p>\n<h1>\u5c06\u6765\u6211\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/h1>\n<h1>\u7ee7\u7eed\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb<\/h1>\n<p>[Django\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93] #2 \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u548c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u4f1a\u6574\u7406\u5728Django\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528filter\u65b9\u6cd5\u548cget\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002 \u8fd9\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5c06 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6Django\u67e5\u8be2[\u521d\u5b66\u8005] - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6django\u67e5\u8be2\u521d\u5b66\u8005\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6Django\u67e5\u8be2[\u521d\u5b66\u8005]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6211\u4f1a\u6574\u7406\u5728Django\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528filter\u65b9\u6cd5\u548cget\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002 \u8fd9\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5c06 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6django\u67e5\u8be2\u521d\u5b66\u8005\/\" \/>\n<meta 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