{"id":49934,"date":"2023-04-23T16:36:51","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T05:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bc%bc%e4%b9%8e%e5%9c%a8django%e4%b8%ad%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T00:54:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T16:54:52","slug":"%e4%bc%bc%e4%b9%8e%e5%9c%a8django%e4%b8%ad%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bc%bc%e4%b9%8e%e5%9c%a8django%e4%b8%ad%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728Django\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6211\u771f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5417\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\u5728[Django\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863]\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u8db3\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u542c\u8bf4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7e7c\u627f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225 “django.contrib.auth.base_user.AbstractBaseUser” \u6216 “django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser” \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6b21\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9078\u64c7”AbstractBaseUser”\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u66f4\u96e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u505a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/h1>\n

\u6211\u5df2\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5728\u3010github\u3011gaku3601\/django_customuser\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b<\/h1>\n

\u521b\u5efaPJ\u548c\u8d26\u6237\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

$ <\/span>django-admin startproject customUserPJ .<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>python manage.py startapp account\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5728PJ\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n
INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'account'<\/span>,<\/span> \uff03<\/span>\u8ffd\u8a18<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684User\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7a0d\u540e\u521b\u5efa\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
AUTH_USER_MODEL<\/span> =<\/span> 'account.User'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6236\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u8907\u88fddjango\/django\u3010models.py\u3011\u4e2d\u7684AbstractUser\u985e\u548cUserManager\u985e\u7528\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u8a02\u7528\u6236\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9032\u884c\u9805\u76ee\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.models<\/span> import<\/span> AbstractBaseUser<\/span>,<\/span> PermissionsMixin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.validators<\/span> import<\/span> UnicodeUsernameValidator<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.utils.translation<\/span> import<\/span> gettext_lazy<\/span> as<\/span> _<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.core.mail<\/span> import<\/span> send_mail<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.base_user<\/span> import<\/span> BaseUserManager<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> UserManager<\/span>(<\/span>BaseUserManager<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    use_in_migrations<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> _create_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        \"\"\"\r\n        Create and save a user with the given username, email, and password.\r\n        \"\"\"<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> not<\/span> username<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'The given username must be set'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        username<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_username<\/span>(<\/span>username<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>username<\/span>=<\/span>username<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>=<\/span>email<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>set_password<\/span>(<\/span>password<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>using<\/span>=<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>_db<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> user<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> create_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'is_staff'<\/span>,<\/span> False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'is_superuser'<\/span>,<\/span> False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>_create_user<\/span>(<\/span>username<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> create_superuser<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'is_staff'<\/span>,<\/span> True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'is_superuser'<\/span>,<\/span> True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'is_staff'<\/span>)<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> True<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'Superuser must have is_staff=True.'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'is_superuser'<\/span>)<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> True<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'Superuser must have is_superuser=True.'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>_create_user<\/span>(<\/span>username<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> User<\/span>(<\/span>AbstractBaseUser<\/span>,<\/span> PermissionsMixin<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    \"\"\"\r\n    An abstract base class implementing a fully featured User model with\r\n    admin-compliant permissions.\r\n    Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span>\r\n    username_validator<\/span> =<\/span> UnicodeUsernameValidator<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    username<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        _<\/span>(<\/span>'username'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n        max_length<\/span>=<\/span>150<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        unique<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        help_text<\/span>=<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @\/.\/+\/-\/_ only.'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n        validators<\/span>=<\/span>[<\/span>username_validator<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n        error_messages<\/span>=<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n            'unique'<\/span>:<\/span> _<\/span>(<\/span>\"A user with that username already exists.\"<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n    first_name<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'first name'<\/span>),<\/span> max_length<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span>,<\/span> blank<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    last_name<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'last name'<\/span>),<\/span> max_length<\/span>=<\/span>150<\/span>,<\/span> blank<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    email<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>EmailField<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'email address'<\/span>),<\/span> blank<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    is_staff<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        _<\/span>(<\/span>'staff status'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n        default<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        help_text<\/span>=<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n    is_active<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        _<\/span>(<\/span>'active'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n        default<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        help_text<\/span>=<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n            'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '<\/span>\r\n            'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'<\/span>\r\n        ),<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n    date_joined<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'date joined'<\/span>),<\/span> default<\/span>=<\/span>timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    objects<\/span> =<\/span> UserManager<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    EMAIL_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> 'email'<\/span>\r\n    USERNAME_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> 'username'<\/span>\r\n    REQUIRED_FIELDS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'email'<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        verbose_name<\/span> =<\/span> _<\/span>(<\/span>'user'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        verbose_name_plural<\/span> =<\/span> _<\/span>(<\/span>'users'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        #abstract = True # \u3053\u3053\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> clean<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        super<\/span>().<\/span>clean<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>__class__<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> get_full_name<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        \"\"\"\r\n        Return the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.\r\n        \"\"\"<\/span>\r\n        full_name<\/span> =<\/span> '%s %s'<\/span> %<\/span> (<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>first_name<\/span>,<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>last_name<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> full_name<\/span>.<\/span>strip<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> get_short_name<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        \"\"\"Return the short name for the user.\"\"\"<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>first_name<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> email_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> subject<\/span>,<\/span> message<\/span>,<\/span> from_email<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        \"\"\"Send an email to this user.\"\"\"<\/span>\r\n        send_mail<\/span>(<\/span>subject<\/span>,<\/span> message<\/span>,<\/span> from_email<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span>],<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539admin.py\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.admin<\/span> import<\/span> UserAdmin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> User<\/span>\r\n\r\nadmin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>register<\/span>(<\/span>User<\/span>,<\/span> UserAdmin<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5bf9\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u7684user\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884cmigration\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>python manage.py makemigrations\r\n$ <\/span>python manage.py migrate\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>python manage.py createsuperuser\r\n$ <\/span>python manage.py runserver\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u4e2d\u7684Users\u5df2\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u540d\u4e3aACCOUNT\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4?<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e, \u6295\u81ea.<\/h1>\n
\u6628\u5929\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u5b66Python\u7684\u65b0\u624b\u5728Django\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0JWT\u4ee4\u724c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u300c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u300d\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Users\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u9002\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u7ee7\u627fdjango.contrib.auth.base_user.AbstractBaseUser\u6765\u521b\u5efaUser\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u7a0d\u5fae\u7b80\u5355\u70b9\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u5f00\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\uff08\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u5fd9\u63d0\u51fa\u5408\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
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