{"id":49925,"date":"2023-02-01T09:40:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T07:06:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e7%9a%84django%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T12:34:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T04:34:04","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e7%9a%84django%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e7%9a%84django%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684Django\u521b\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5173\u4e8eDjango\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u6216\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u7eb8\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u8bba\u505a\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4f\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u4e00\u8fb9\u53c2\u7167Qiita\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e00\u8fb9\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u677f\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u73b0\u3002
\n\u6211\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u60f3\u8c61\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

Ubuntu 20.04\u3002
\nPython 3\u5df2\u9884\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\u63d0\u793a\u8bf4pip\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u590d\u5236\u9ecf\u8d34\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u7c7b\u89c6\u56fe\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5907\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Python\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff08\u4fdd\u5b58Python\u5e93\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528virtualenv\u3002<\/p>\n

$ sudo apt install python3-pip\r\n$ pip3 install virtualenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
$ mkdir testsite\r\n$ cd testsite\r\n$ virtualenv virtualenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u5e93\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684requirement.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
$ touch requirement.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002
\n\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
testsite\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 virtualenv\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883virtualenv\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5Django\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u672c\u5730\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u5fd8\u8bb0\u70b9(.)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u3002
\n\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef(.)\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
$ . virtualenv\/bin\/activate    # source virtualenv\/bin\/activate\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
(virtualenv)MyName@MyPC:~\/testsite$ \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002
\n\u6211\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884cpip3 list\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pip3 list\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5b89\u88c5Django3.X\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e92.2\u7cfb\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pip3 install Django==2.2.24\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u66ab\u4e14\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u624b\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5c07\u7df4\u7fd2\u5beb\u9032requirement.txt\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pip3 freeze -l > requirement.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
$ vi requirement.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Django==2.2.24\r\npytz==2021.1\r\nsqlparse==0.4.1\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee<\/h2>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5df2\u7ecf\u5148\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u751f\u6210Django\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5config\u4e3a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55(.)\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aconfig\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n
$ django-admin startproject config .\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5df2\u521b\u5efaconfig\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548cmanage.py\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
testsite\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 config\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 virtualenv\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 manage.py\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u542f\u52a8\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
$ python3 manage.py runserver\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u8d77\u52d5\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8.png\"<\/div>\n
\"Django\u8d77\u52d5\u753b\u9762.png\"<\/div>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65e5\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n
LANGUAGE_CODE<\/span> =<\/span> 'ja'<\/span>\r\nTIME_ZONE<\/span> =<\/span> 'Asia\/Tokyo'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u529f\u80fd<\/h2>\n
\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c3d\u65e9\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0ePython\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u6388\u6743\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u636e\u8bf4\u540e\u6765\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5947\u602a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b
\n\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u6b21\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u662f\u4ece\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u51c6\u5b98\u65b9\u7684LearnDjango.com\u501f\u9274\u6765\u7684
\nDjango\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n
\u5728manage.py\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n
\u636e\u8bf4\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u201capp\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8986\u76d6\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201caccounts\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
$ python3 manage.py startapp accounts\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/h3>\n
\u5728settings.py\u6587\u4ef6\u7684INSTALLED_APPS\u5217\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5904\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u5efa\u7684accounts\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7startapp\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aapps.py\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.apps<\/span> import<\/span> AppConfig<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> AccountsConfig<\/span>(<\/span>AppConfig<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    name<\/span> =<\/span> 'accounts'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n
INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    # manage.py\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u8a8d\u8a3c\u8a8d\u53ef\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\r\n<\/span>    'accounts.apps.AccountsConfig'<\/span>,<\/span>  # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542c\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u628a\u6211\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u5199\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5b9a\u5236\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\uff1b<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib.auth.models<\/span> import<\/span> AbstractUser<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> CustomUser<\/span>(<\/span>AbstractUser<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    pass<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __str__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>username<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8986\u5199\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7528\u6237
\n\u5728startapp\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684accounts\u7684CustomUser\u7c7b\u4f4d\u4e8emodels.py\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u5199\u6210accounts.models.CustomUser\u3002
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728settings.py\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u6ce8\u91ca\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u7ba1\u7406\u753b\u9762\u8a8d\u8a3c\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\r\n<\/span>AUTH_USER_MODEL<\/span> =<\/span> 'accounts.CustomUser'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u6ce8\u518c\u8868\u5355<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u542c\u8bf4\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4f1a\u9075\u4ece\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5bb3\u6015\u3002<\/p>\n
$ touch accounts\/forms.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> django<\/span> import<\/span> forms<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.forms<\/span> import<\/span> UserCreationForm<\/span>,<\/span> UserChangeForm<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> CustomUser<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> CustomUserCreationForm<\/span>(<\/span>UserCreationForm<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        model<\/span> =<\/span> CustomUser<\/span>\r\n        fields<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>'username'<\/span>,<\/span> 'email'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> CustomUserChangeForm<\/span>(<\/span>UserChangeForm<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        model<\/span> =<\/span> CustomUser<\/span>\r\n        fields<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>'username'<\/span>,<\/span> 'email'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u8868\u5355\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4ee5\u53ca\u754c\u9762\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.admin<\/span> import<\/span> UserAdmin<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .forms<\/span> import<\/span> CustomUserCreationForm<\/span>,<\/span> CustomUserChangeForm<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> CustomUser<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> CustomUserAdmin<\/span>(<\/span>UserAdmin<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    add_form<\/span> =<\/span> CustomUserCreationForm<\/span>\r\n    form<\/span> =<\/span> CustomUserChangeForm<\/span>\r\n    model<\/span> =<\/span> CustomUser<\/span>\r\n    list_display<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'email'<\/span>,<\/span> 'username'<\/span>,]<\/span>\r\n\r\nadmin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>register<\/span>(<\/span>CustomUser<\/span>,<\/span> CustomUserAdmin<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n
$ python3 manage.py makemigrations accounts\r\n$ python3 manage.py migrate\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc1\u79fb\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86db.sqlite3\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u6765\u770b\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n
testsite\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 accounts\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 config\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 db.sqlite3\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 manage.py\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 virtualenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u9875\u9762\u663e\u793a\u529f\u80fd<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u9898\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6570\u6216app.apps\u8fd9\u6837\u590d\u6742\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u7528app\u8fdb\u884c\u5236\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f00\u59cb\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n
$ python3 manage.py startapp app\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
testsite\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 accounts\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 app\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 config\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 db.sqlite3\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 manage.py\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 virtualenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    ...,<\/span>\r\n    # manage.py\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u8a8d\u8a3c\u8a8d\u53efapp\r\n<\/span>    'accounts.apps.AccountsConfig'<\/span>,<\/span>   \r\n    # manage.py\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u8868\u793aapp # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>    'app.apps.AppConfig'<\/span>,<\/span>          # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/h3>\n
\u4e0eMVC\u6a21\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cDjango\u7684MTV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u793a\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u9875\u9762\u3002
\n\u5f53\u8bbf\u95eeURL\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u8fd4\u56deHTML\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u663e\u793a\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002
\n\u6309\u7167urls.py -> views.py -> HTML\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n
\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3atemplates\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
$ mkdir templates\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4f1a\u5728settings.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684TEMPLATES\u7684DIRS\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u544a\u8bc9\u60a8\u65b0\u5efa\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
TEMPLATES<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        'BACKEND'<\/span>:<\/span> 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'DIRS'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>BASE_DIR<\/span>,<\/span> \"templates\"<\/span>)],<\/span>  # \u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u76f4\u4e0b\u306etemplates\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c0\r\n<\/span>        'APP_DIRS'<\/span>:<\/span> True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'OPTIONS'<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            'context_processors'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n                'django.template.context_processors.debug'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                'django.template.context_processors.request'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            ],<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8econfig.py\u7684urls.py\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728app\u4e2d\u521b\u5efaurls.py\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u5148\u7f16\u5199\u52a0\u8f7d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> include<\/span>  # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'admin\/'<\/span>,<\/span> admin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> include<\/span>(<\/span>app<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>)),<\/span>  # root\u30d1\u30b9\u306bmanage.py\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305fapp\u5185\u306eurls.py\u3092include\u3059\u308b\u3002\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u5efa urls.py\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaurls.py\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
\u6211\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7684URL\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u4e00\u4e66\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
touch app\/urls.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
urlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> []<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd8\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u9875\u9762<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u663e\u793aHTML\u3002
\n\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7a7aurls\u4e2d\u6307\u793a\u67e5\u770bviews\u4e2d\u7684top\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> app<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>top<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'top'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a”top”\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002
\n“top”\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684”app\/top.html”\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> render<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> top<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    context<\/span> =<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'app\/top.html'<\/span>,<\/span> context<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
mkdir templates\/app\r\ntouch templates\/app\/top.html \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<<\/span>h1<\/span>><\/span>top<\/span>.<\/span>html\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8<\/span><\/<\/span>h1<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"DjangoTopPage2.png\"<\/div>\n
\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u5f15\u5165BootStrap\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u9996\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u5165BootStrap<\/h2>\n
$ pip3 install django-bootstrap4\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    ...,<\/span> \r\n    # Bootstrap\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\r\n<\/span>    'bootstrap4'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n\r\nTEMPLATES<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        ...<\/span>\r\n        'OPTIONS'<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            'context_processors'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n                ...,<\/span>\r\n            ],<\/span>\r\n            # Bootstrap\u306e\u5c0e\u5165                            # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>            'builtins'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>                               # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>                'bootstrap4.templatetags.bootstrap4'<\/span>],<\/span>  # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
{% bootstrap_css %}\r\n{% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}\r\n<div<\/span> class=<\/span>\"jumbotron\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n  <h1<\/span> class=<\/span>\"display-4\"<\/span>><\/span>Hello, world!<\/h1><\/span>\r\n  <p<\/span> class=<\/span>\"lead\"<\/span>><\/span>This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information.<\/p><\/span>\r\n  <hr<\/span> class=<\/span>\"my-4\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n  <p><\/span>It uses utility classes for typography and spacing to space content out within the larger container.<\/p><\/span>\r\n  <p<\/span> class=<\/span>\"lead\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n    <a<\/span> class=<\/span>\"btn btn-primary btn-lg\"<\/span> href=<\/span>\"#\"<\/span> role=<\/span>\"button\"<\/span>><\/span>Learn more<\/a><\/span>\r\n  <\/p><\/span>\r\n<\/div><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"DjangoTopPage3.png\"<\/div>\n
<link<\/span> crossorigin=<\/span>\"anonymous\"<\/span> href=<\/span>\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@4.6.0\/dist\/css\/bootstrap.min.css\"<\/span> integrity=<\/span>\"sha384-B0vP5xmATw1+K9KRQjQERJvTumQW0nPEzvF6L\/Z6nronJ3oUOFUFpCjEUQouq2+l\"<\/span> rel=<\/span>\"stylesheet\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<script <\/span>crossorigin=<\/span>\"anonymous\"<\/span> integrity=<\/span>\"sha384-ZvpUoO\/+PpLXR1lu4jmpXWu80pZlYUAfxl5NsBMWOEPSjUn\/6Z\/hRTt8+pR6L4N2\"<\/span> src=<\/span>\"https:\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-3.5.1.min.js\"<\/span>><\/script><\/span>\r\n<script <\/span>crossorigin=<\/span>\"anonymous\"<\/span> integrity=<\/span>\"sha384-Piv4xVNRyMGpqkS2by6br4gNJ7DXjqk09RmUpJ8jgGtD7zP9yug3goQfGII0yAns\"<\/span> src=<\/span>\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@4.6.0\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.bundle.min.js\"<\/span>><\/script><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8fc7CDN\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6682\u65f6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pip3 freeze -l > requirements.txt\r\n$ cat requirements.txt \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
beautifulsoup4==4.9.3\r\nDjango==2.2.24\r\ndjango-bootstrap4==3.0.1\r\npytz==2021.1\r\nsoupsieve==2.2.1\r\nsqlparse==0.4.1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u7d20\u6750<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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