{"id":49712,"date":"2023-05-08T13:05:17","date_gmt":"2022-11-15T13:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%barestapi-%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T03:12:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T19:12:05","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%barestapi-%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%barestapi-%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efaRESTAPI #\u7b80\u4ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6b21\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5<\/h2>\n

\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8eJWT\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u5176\u62c6\u6210\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\uff09\u3002\u6211\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528Go\u548cPython\u4e24\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8eGin\uff08Go\u8bed\u8a00\u7684API\u6846\u67b6\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u6587\u6587\u732e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684Python\u7684Django\u3002\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

API\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n

API\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u5982Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff09\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982JSON\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684API\u7aef\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
pathmethodparamsdetail\/api\/usersGET, POSTnullfalse\/api\/user\/:idGET, PATCH, PUT, DELETEid: inttrue\/api\/postsGET, POSTnullfalse\/api\/posts\/:slugGET, PATCH, PUT, DELETEslug: stringtrue\/api\/tokenPOSTnulltrue\/api\/token\/refreshPOSTnulltrue\/api\/token\/logoutPOSTnulltrue<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

slug\u5728URL\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\u9644\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u201c hello-world\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5173\u4e8eJWT\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u7701\u7565\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4ece\u672c\u6b21\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u91ca\u3002
\n* Python 3
\n* Django
\n* Django Rest Framework
\n* pip
\n* virtualenv<\/p>\n

virtualenv\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Python\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u7ba1\u7406\u7248\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u6b64\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u8fdb\u5165\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002
\npip\u662fPython\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Anaconda\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u88c5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u8d77\u6765\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

appdirs==1.4.4\r\nasgiref==3.2.10\r\nblack==21.6b0\r\ncertifi==2020.12.5\r\ncffi==1.14.5\r\nchardet==4.0.0\r\nclick==8.0.1\r\ncolorama==0.4.4\r\ncoreapi==2.3.3\r\ncoreschema==0.0.4\r\ncryptography==3.4.7\r\ndefusedxml==0.7.1\r\nDjango==3.1\r\ndjango-cors-headers==3.7.0\r\ndjango-filter==2.4.0\r\ndjango-templated-mail==1.1.1\r\ndjango-versatileimagefield==2.0\r\ndjangorestframework==3.12.4\r\ndjangorestframework-jwt==1.11.0\r\ndjangorestframework-simplejwt==4.6.0\r\nidna==2.10\r\nitypes==1.2.0\r\nJinja2==3.0.0\r\njwt==1.2.0\r\nMarkupSafe==2.0.0\r\nmypy-extensions==0.4.3\r\noauthlib==3.1.0\r\npathspec==0.8.1\r\nPillow==8.2.0\r\npycparser==2.20\r\nPyJWT==2.1.0\r\npython-magic-bin==0.4.14\r\npython-slugify==5.0.2\r\npython3-openid==3.2.0\r\npytz==2021.1\r\nrequests==2.25.1\r\nrequests-oauthlib==1.3.0\r\nsix==1.16.0\r\nsocial-auth-app-django==4.0.0\r\nsocial-auth-core==4.1.0\r\nsqlparse==0.4.1\r\ntext-unidecode==1.3\r\ntoml==0.10.2\r\nuritemplate==3.0.1\r\nurllib3==1.26.4\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0d\u540e\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5virtualenv\u3002<\/p>\n
pip install <\/span>virtualenv\r\n\/\/ path\u304c\u901a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\r\npython -m<\/span> pip install <\/span>virtualenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
virtualenv myenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amyenv\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9aPython\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002
\n\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fdb\u5165myenv\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
D:\/myenv> ..\/Scripts\/activate.bat\r\n\r\n(<\/span>myenv)<\/span> D:\/myenv>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u50cf(name)\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8f93\u5165\u201cdeactivate\u201d\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002
\n\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b89\u88c5\u521a\u624d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u521a\u624d\u7684requirements.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
(<\/span>myenv)<\/span> D:\/myenv> pip install<\/span> -r<\/span> requirements.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5076\u5c14\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4f5b\u5fc3\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u542f\u52a8\u9879\u76ee\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
(<\/span>myenv)<\/span> D:\/myenv> django-admin startproject backend\r\n\/\/ backend\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306f\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6ce8\u518c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
(<\/span>myenv)<\/span> D:\/myenv> cd <\/span>backend\r\n(<\/span>myenv)<\/span> D:\/myenv\/backend> python manage.py startapp accounts\r\n(<\/span>myenv)<\/span> D:\/myenv\/backend> python manage.py startapp posts\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728backend\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u540d\u4e3a”posts”\u548c”accounts”\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
backend\r\n\u251c\u2500.pytest_cache\r\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500v\r\n\u2502      \u2514\u2500cache\r\n\u251c\u2500.vscode\r\n\u251c\u2500accounts\r\n\u2502  \u251c\u2500migrations\r\n\u2502  \u2502  \u2514\u2500__pycache__\r\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500__pycache__\r\n\u251c\u2500backend\r\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500__pycache__\r\n\u251c\u2500posts\r\n\u2502  \u251c\u2500migrations\r\n\u2502  \u2502  \u2514\u2500__pycache__\r\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500__pycache__\r\n\u2514\u2500utils\r\n    \u2514\u2500__pycache__\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528VScode\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5728.vscode\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3alaunch.json\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
{<\/span>\r\n  \"version\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"0.2.0\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  \"configurations\"<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      \"name\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"run server\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"type\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"python\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"request\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"launch\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"program\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"${workspaceFolder}<\/span>\\\\<\/span>manage.py\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"args\"<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\"runserver\"<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n      \"console\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"externalTerminal\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"stopOnEntry\"<\/span>:<\/span> false<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      \"name\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"make migration files\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"request\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"launch\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"cwd\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"${workspaceFolder}\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"type\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"python\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"program\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"${workspaceFolder}<\/span>\\\\<\/span>manage.py\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"args\"<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\"makemigrations\"<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n      \"console\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"externalTerminal\"<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      \"name\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"migrate\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"type\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"python\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"request\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"launch\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"cwd\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"${workspaceFolder}\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"program\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"${workspaceFolder}<\/span>\\\\<\/span>manage.py\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"args\"<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\"migrate\"<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n      \"console\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"externalTerminal\"<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  ]<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u4e0bF5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3asettings.py\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6ce8\u518c\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
# Application definition\r\n<\/span>\r\nINSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'rest_framework'<\/span>,<\/span> # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>    'corsheaders'<\/span>,<\/span> #\u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>    'posts'<\/span>,<\/span> # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>    'accounts'<\/span>,<\/span> #\u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\nMIDDLEWARE<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4eca\u540e\u6ce8\u518c\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u6211\u4e5f\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
# Internationalization\r\n# https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/topics\/i18n\/\r\n<\/span>\r\nLANGUAGE_CODE<\/span> =<\/span> 'ja'<\/span>\r\n\r\nTIME_ZONE<\/span> =<\/span> 'Asia\/Tokyo'<\/span>\r\n\r\nUSE_I18N<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\nUSE_L10N<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\nUSE_TZ<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5236\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u540e\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u800c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u6ce5\u6f6d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u63d0\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u6539\u53d8\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u76f8\u5f53\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8bf7\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u8f93\u5165\u5230accounts\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684models.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.models<\/span> import<\/span> AbstractBaseUser<\/span>,<\/span> BaseUserManager<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> MyAccountManager<\/span>(<\/span>BaseUserManager<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> create_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> not<\/span> email<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'Users must have an email address'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> not<\/span> username<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'Users must have an username'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n        user<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n            email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n            username<\/span> =<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            **<\/span>extra_kwargs<\/span>\r\n        )<\/span>\r\n\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>set_password<\/span>(<\/span>password<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>using<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>_db<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> user<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> create_superuser<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>create_user<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n            email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n            username<\/span> =<\/span> username<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            password<\/span> =<\/span> password<\/span>\r\n        )<\/span>\r\n\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>is_admin<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>is_staff<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>is_superuser<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>using<\/span>=<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>_db<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> user<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> User<\/span>(<\/span>AbstractBaseUser<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    email<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>EmailField<\/span>(<\/span>verbose_name<\/span>=<\/span>\"email\"<\/span>,<\/span> max_length<\/span>=<\/span>60<\/span>,<\/span> unique<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    username<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span>,<\/span> unique<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    date_joined<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        verbose_name<\/span>=<\/span>'date joined'<\/span>,<\/span> auto_now_add<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    last_login<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>verbose_name<\/span>=<\/span>'last login'<\/span>,<\/span> auto_now<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    is_admin<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    is_active<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    is_staff<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    is_superuser<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    USERNAME_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> 'email'<\/span>\r\n    REQUIRED_FIELDS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'username'<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n    objects<\/span> =<\/span> MyAccountManager<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __str__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>username<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> get_absolute_url<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> '\/users\/{}'<\/span>.<\/span>format<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n        # \u7d76\u5bfe\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068(\u5fc5\u9808)\r\n<\/span>    def<\/span> has_perm<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> perm<\/span>,<\/span> obj<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>is_admin<\/span>\r\n\r\n        # \u3053\u308c\u3082\u7d76\u5bfe\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068(\u5fc5\u9808)\r\n<\/span>    def<\/span> has_module_perms<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> app_label<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        ordering<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'-date_joined'<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728\u5e55\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u5165\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> pathlib<\/span> import<\/span> Path<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> os<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> corsheaders.defaults<\/span> import<\/span> default_headers<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR \/ 'subdir'.\r\n<\/span>BASE_DIR<\/span> =<\/span> Path<\/span>(<\/span>__file__<\/span>).<\/span>resolve<\/span>().<\/span>parent<\/span>.<\/span>parent<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production\r\n# See https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/howto\/deployment\/checklist\/\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!\r\n<\/span>DEBUG<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\nALLOWED_HOSTS<\/span> =<\/span> []<\/span>\r\n\r\nCORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n#frontend\u5074\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\nCORS_ALLOW_HEADERS<\/span> =<\/span> default_headers<\/span> +<\/span> (<\/span>'contenttype'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Authorization'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Application definition\r\n<\/span>\r\nINSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'rest_framework'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'corsheaders'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'posts'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'accounts'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'rest_framework_simplejwt.token_blacklist'<\/span>,<\/span> #JWT\u8a8d\u8a3c\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u306a\u3089\u8981\u3089\u306a\u3044\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\nMIDDLEWARE<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n\r\nROOT_URLCONF<\/span> =<\/span> 'backend.urls'<\/span>\r\n\r\nTEMPLATES<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        'BACKEND'<\/span>:<\/span> 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'DIRS'<\/span>:<\/span> [],<\/span>\r\n        'APP_DIRS'<\/span>:<\/span> True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'OPTIONS'<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            'context_processors'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n                'django.template.context_processors.debug'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                'django.template.context_processors.request'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            ],<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n\r\nWSGI_APPLICATION<\/span> =<\/span> 'backend.wsgi.application'<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Database\r\n# https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/ref\/settings\/#databases\r\n<\/span>\r\nDATABASES<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    'default'<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        'ENGINE'<\/span>:<\/span> 'django.db.backends.sqlite3'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'NAME'<\/span>:<\/span> BASE_DIR<\/span> \/<\/span> 'db.sqlite3'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Password validation\r\n# https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/ref\/settings\/#auth-password-validators\r\n<\/span>\r\nAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        'NAME'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        'NAME'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        'NAME'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        'NAME'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Internationalization\r\n# https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/topics\/i18n\/\r\n<\/span>\r\nLANGUAGE_CODE<\/span> =<\/span> 'ja'<\/span>\r\n\r\nTIME_ZONE<\/span> =<\/span> 'Asia\/Tokyo'<\/span>\r\n\r\nUSE_I18N<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\nUSE_L10N<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\nUSE_TZ<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)\r\n# https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/howto\/static-files\/\r\n<\/span>\r\nSTATIC_URL<\/span> =<\/span> '\/static\/'<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Default primary key field type\r\n# https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.2\/ref\/settings\/#default-auto-field\r\n<\/span>\r\nDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'<\/span>\r\nAUTH_USER_MODEL<\/span> =<\/span> 'accounts.User'<\/span> #\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>\r\nMEDIA_URL<\/span> =<\/span> '\/media\/'<\/span>\r\nMEDIA_ROOT<\/span> =<\/span> os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>BASE_DIR<\/span>,<\/span> 'media'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nREST_FRAMEWORK<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES'<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny'<\/span>,<\/span> ),<\/span>\r\n    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    (<\/span>'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication'<\/span>,<\/span> ),<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e2d\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 admin.py \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> User<\/span>\r\n\r\nadmin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>register<\/span>(<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u6700\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py makemigrations\r\npython manage.py migrate\r\npython manage.py runserver\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7ad9\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9”\u304a\u307e\u3051”\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u672c\u5730\u5316\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a
\n“\u5c0f\u8d60\u54c1”<\/h2>\n
\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97utils\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u770b\u6765\u4f60\u5f88\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5462\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u7740\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u8bd5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> rest_framework<\/span> import<\/span> permissions<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> IsAdminOrReadOnly<\/span>(<\/span>permissions<\/span>.<\/span>BasePermission<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> has_permission<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> request<\/span>,<\/span> view<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>method<\/span> in<\/span> permissions<\/span>.<\/span>SAFE_METHODS<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n        return<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span>.<\/span>is_staff<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> IsOwnerOrReadOnly<\/span>(<\/span>permissions<\/span>.<\/span>BasePermission<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> has_object_permission<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> request<\/span>,<\/span> view<\/span>,<\/span> obj<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>method<\/span> in<\/span> permissions<\/span>.<\/span>SAFE_METHODS<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n        return<\/span> obj<\/span>.<\/span>posts<\/span>.<\/span>author<\/span> ==<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> IsSelfOrReadOnly<\/span>(<\/span>permissions<\/span>.<\/span>BasePermission<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> has_object_permission<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> request<\/span>,<\/span> view<\/span>,<\/span> obj<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>method<\/span> in<\/span> permissions<\/span>.<\/span>SAFE_METHODS<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n        return<\/span> obj<\/span> ==<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication<\/span> import<\/span> JWTAuthentication<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> rest_framework_simplejwt.exceptions<\/span> import<\/span> InvalidToken<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> JWTAuthenticationSafe<\/span>(<\/span>JWTAuthentication<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> authenticate<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        try<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> super<\/span>().<\/span>authenticate<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>=<\/span>request<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        except<\/span> InvalidToken<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> None<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6700\u7ec8<\/h2>\n
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