{"id":49647,"date":"2023-04-20T07:27:40","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T17:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%badjango%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%b9%b6%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T00:20:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T16:20:53","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%badjango%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%b9%b6%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%badjango%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%b9%b6%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u642d\u5efaDjango\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8bb0\u4e8b\u672c&\u8fd9\u662f\u7ed9\u4eb2\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5199\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u7565\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u53c2\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7248\u672c\u6ce8\u610f<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python 2.7.10\u548cDjango 1.6\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python 3\u548cDjango 1.9\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b89\u88c5pyenv\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7248\u672c
\n\u5728\u5b89\u88c5django\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u6700\u65b01.9\u7248\u672c\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7528Django1.6\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c$ python manage.py syncdb\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\n\u800c\u75281.9\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u5148\u7f16\u5199\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528$ python manage.py makemigrations \u5e94\u7528\u540d \u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u7528 $ python manage.py migrate \u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff08\u5927\u6982\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u73af\u5883\u5efa\u7acb<\/h2>\n

\u5b89\u88c51-1.pyenv\u3002<\/h3>\n

\u4eceGitHub\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n

$ git clone https:\/\/github.com\/yyuu\/pyenv.git ~\/.pyenv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06~\/.pyenv\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06pyenv\u914d\u7f6e\u5199\u5165zshenv\u3001bash_profile\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
export PYENV_ROOT=$HOME\/.pyenv\r\nexport PATH=$PYENV_ROOT\/bin:$PATH\r\neval \"$(pyenv init -)\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8Shell\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5c06$HOME\u9002\u5f53\u66f4\u6539\u4e3apyenv\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
$ exec $SHELL\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
1-2. \u5b89\u88c5Python<\/h3>\n
\u901a\u8fc7pyenv\u5b89\u88c5Python\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pyenv install 2.7.10\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pyenv global 2.7.10\r\n$ pyenv rehash\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u8ba4<\/p>\n
$ pyenv versions\r\n* 2.7.10 (set by \/hoge\/.pyenv\/version)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
1-3. \u5b89\u88c5Django\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n
\u4ecepip\u5b89\u88c5Django1.6\u3002<\/p>\n
$ pip install django==1.6\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n
$ django-admin.py startproject mysite\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n
$ cd mysite\r\n$ python manage.py runserver\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/localhost:8000 \uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
2. Django\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9879\u76ee<\/h2>\n
2-1. \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
Django 1.4 \u6587\u6863 | \u521b\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Django \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8f91\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6(setting.py)<\/h4>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fsqlite\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6b21\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1aDjango\u3067PostgreSQL\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u6642\u306e\u30e1\u30e2 | Qiita<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u53c2\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86PostgreSQL\u7684\u5e93\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
setting.py\u7684\u6c47\u7f16<\/p>\n
DATABASES<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    'default'<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',\r\n<\/span>        # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),\r\n<\/span>        'ENGINE'<\/span>:<\/span> 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'NAME'<\/span>:<\/span> 'mysite'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'USER'<\/span>:<\/span> 'djangouser'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'PASSWORD'<\/span>:<\/span> 'pass'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'HOST'<\/span>:<\/span> '127.0.0.1'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        'PORT'<\/span>:<\/span> 5432<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u684c\u5b50<\/h4>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728setting.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684INSTALLED_APPS\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n
$ python manage.py syncdb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
syncdb\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u67e5\u627eINSTALLED_APPS\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636esettings.py\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n
$ python manage.py startapp polls\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
(polls\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u79f0)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n
from<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Poll<\/span>(<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>200<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    pub_date<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>'date published'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Choice<\/span>(<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    poll<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>ForeignKey<\/span>(<\/span>Poll<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    choice<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>200<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    votes<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>IntegerField<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8ba9\u9879\u76ee\u8bc6\u522b\u201c\u6295\u7968\u201d\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/h4>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u9879\u76ee\u8bc6\u522b\u51fapolls\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728INSTALLED_APPS\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0polls\u3002<\/p>\n
INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sites'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:\r\n<\/span>    # 'django.contrib.admin',\r\n<\/span>    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:\r\n<\/span>    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',\r\n<\/span>    'polls'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ece\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u663e\u793aSQL<\/h4>\n
$ python manage.py sql polls\r\nBEGIN;\r\nCREATE TABLE \"polls_poll\" (\r\n    \"id\" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,\r\n    \"question\" varchar(200) NOT NULL,\r\n    \"pub_date\" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL\r\n)\r\n;\r\nCREATE TABLE \"polls_choice\" (\r\n    \"id\" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,\r\n    \"poll_id\" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES \"polls_poll\" (\"id\") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,\r\n    \"choice\" varchar(200) NOT NULL,\r\n    \"votes\" integer NOT NULL\r\n);\r\nCOMMIT;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u751f\u6210SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/h4>\n
$ python manage.py syncdb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728Python\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528Django\u7684API\u73a9\u800d\u3002<\/h4>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u8003\u300aDjango 1.4 \u6587\u6863\u300b\u4e2d\u7684API\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Django \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00Python\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u3002<\/p>\n
$ python manage.py shell<\/p>\n
(\u53c2\u8003\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f)<\/p>\n
\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u73a9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c06polls\/models.py\u4fee\u6539\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Poll<\/span>(<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n    question<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>200<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    pub_date<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>'date published'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __unicode__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>question<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> was_published_recently<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>pub_date<\/span> >=<\/span> timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span> -<\/span> datetime<\/span>.<\/span>timedelta<\/span>(<\/span>days<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Choice<\/span>(<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n\r\n    poll<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>ForeignKey<\/span>(<\/span>Poll<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    choice<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>200<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    votes<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>IntegerField<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __unicode__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>choice<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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