{"id":49621,"date":"2022-10-30T23:22:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T10:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/django%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0\/"},"modified":"2024-04-28T22:12:20","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T14:12:20","slug":"django%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/django%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Django\u6559\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662fDjango\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u7a0b\u300a\u521d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528 Django \u521b\u5efa\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c1\u5230\u7b2c5\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4fbf\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/intro\/tutorial01\/<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5<\/h1>\n

\u521b\u5efaPython\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528pip\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n

pip install django\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
(Please note that Chinese translation can vary depending on the context. This is a common way to express the sentence, but there can be alternative ways as well.)<\/p>\n
$<\/span> python -m<\/span> django --version<\/span>\r\n3.1.2\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Django 3.1.2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aDjango\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u6267\u884cdjango-admin startproject hoge\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
django-admin startproject mysite\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
mysite\/\r\n    manage.py\r\n    mysite\/\r\n        __init__.py\r\n        settings.py\r\n        urls.py\r\n        asgi.py\r\n        wsgi.py\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
DB\u5df2\u7ecf\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93sqlite3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8bd5\u8bd5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u80fd\u5426\u663e\u793a\u793a\u4f8b\u9875\u9762\u3002\u8fd0\u884cmanage.py runserver\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py runserver\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5199\u7740\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u8fd0\u8425\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528Apache\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/h1>\n
Django\u53ef\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u591a\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
python<\/span> manage<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span> startapp<\/span> polls<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
polls<\/span>\/<\/span>\r\n    __init__<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n    admin<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n    apps<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n    migrations<\/span>\/<\/span>\r\n        __init__<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n    models<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n    tests<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n    views<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u4e8e\u6295\u7968\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u89c6\u56fe<\/h1>\n
\u5c06view\u5199\u5728views.py\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\/polls\/index.html\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u8fd4\u56de”Hello, world. You’re at the polls index.”\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>\"Hello, world. You're at the polls index.\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684views.py\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u5199\u5165urls.py\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728django.urls.path()\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5148\u53c2\u8003mysite\/urls.py\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662fpolls\/urls.py\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662fpolls\/views.py\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u627e\u5230polls\/views.py\u4e2d\u7684index()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> include<\/span>,<\/span> path<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'polls\/'<\/span>,<\/span> include<\/span>(<\/span>'polls.urls'<\/span>)),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'admin\/'<\/span>,<\/span> admin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>index<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'index'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u7b80\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py runserver\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
http:\/\/localhost:8000\/polls\/ \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 polls\/views.py \u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u66f4\u6539<\/h1>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5207\u6362\u5230postgreSQL\u6216\u8005mySQL\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
\nhttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/intro\/tutorial02\/<\/p>\n
6. \u8bbe\u7f6eTIME_ZONE<\/h1>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTC\u3002<\/p>\n
TIME_ZONE<\/span> =<\/span> 'UTC'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5207\u63db\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8acb\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
TIME_ZONE<\/span> =<\/span> 'Asia\/Tokyo'<\/span>\r\nUSE_TZ<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
7. \u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u73ed\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u6839\u636esetting.py\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py migrate\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
Django\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8f7b\u677e\u3002(\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u3002)<\/p>\n
8. \u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b<\/h1>\n
import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Question<\/span>(<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question_text<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>200<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    pub_date<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>'date published'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __str__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>question_text<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> was_published_recently<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>pub_date<\/span> >=<\/span> timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span> -<\/span> datetime<\/span>.<\/span>timedelta<\/span>(<\/span>days<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Choice<\/span>(<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>ForeignKey<\/span>(<\/span>Question<\/span>,<\/span> on_delete<\/span>=<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>CASCADE<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    choice_text<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>200<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    votes<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>IntegerField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __str__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>choice_text<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'polls.apps.PollsConfig'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8ba9Django\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u66f4<\/p>\n
python manage.py makemigrations polls\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Django shell<\/h1>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0cDjango\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5728Django\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u8ba4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\uff0cDjango\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Django shell\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7python manage.py shell\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
>>><\/span> from<\/span> polls.models<\/span> import<\/span> Choice<\/span>,<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> []<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> from<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>(<\/span>question_text<\/span>=<\/span>\"What's new?\"<\/span>,<\/span> pub_date<\/span>=<\/span>timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>\r\n1<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>question_text<\/span> =<\/span> \"What's up?\"<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> [<\/span><<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> Question<\/span> object<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>><\/span>]<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>question_text<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>pub_date<\/span>\r\ndatetime<\/span>.<\/span>datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2012<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 26<\/span>,<\/span> 13<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 775217<\/span>,<\/span> tzinfo<\/span>=<<\/span>UTC<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
python<\/span> manage<\/span>.<\/span>py<\/span> shell<\/span>\r\nIn<\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>]:<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> from<\/span> polls.models<\/span> import<\/span> Choice<\/span>,<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> [<\/span><<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> What<\/span>'s up?>]>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> [<\/span><<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> What<\/span>'s up?>]>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>question_text__startswith<\/span>=<\/span>'What'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> [<\/span><<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> What<\/span>'s up?>]>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> from<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> current_year<\/span> =<\/span> timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>().<\/span>year<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>pub_date__year<\/span>=<\/span>current_year<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> What<\/span>'s up?>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>=<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nTraceback<\/span> (<\/span>most<\/span> recent<\/span> call<\/span> last<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\nDoesNotExist<\/span>:<\/span> Question<\/span> matching<\/span> query<\/span> does<\/span> not<\/span> exist<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> What<\/span>'s up?>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>was_published_recently<\/span>()<\/span>\r\nTrue<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> []<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>choice_text<\/span>=<\/span>'Not much'<\/span>,<\/span> votes<\/span>=<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>choice_text<\/span>=<\/span>'The sky'<\/span>,<\/span> votes<\/span>=<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> c<\/span> =<\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>choice_text<\/span>=<\/span>'Just hacking again'<\/span>,<\/span> votes<\/span>=<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> c<\/span>.<\/span>question<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>Question<\/span>:<\/span> What<\/span>'s up?>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> [<\/span><<\/span>Choice<\/span>:<\/span> Not<\/span> much<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> <<\/span>Choice<\/span>:<\/span> The<\/span> sky<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> <<\/span>Choice<\/span>:<\/span> Just<\/span> hacking<\/span> again<\/span>><\/span>]<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>count<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n3<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> Choice<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>question__pub_date__year<\/span>=<\/span>current_year<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<<\/span>QuerySet<\/span> [<\/span><<\/span>Choice<\/span>:<\/span> Not<\/span> much<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> <<\/span>Choice<\/span>:<\/span> The<\/span> sky<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> <<\/span>Choice<\/span>:<\/span> Just<\/span> hacking<\/span> again<\/span>><\/span>]<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
>>><\/span> c<\/span> =<\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>choice_text__startswith<\/span>=<\/span>'Just hacking'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> c<\/span>.<\/span>delete<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
10. \u521b\u5efa\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237<\/h1>\n
\u4e3aDjango\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u76d1\u7406superuser\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2asuperuser\u4e0eLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e13\u4e3aDjango\u800c\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py createsuperuser\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165ID\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7b80\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u767b\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7b80\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py runserver\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\"admin02.png\"<\/div>\n
11. \u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u9875\u9762\u7f16\u8f91\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h1>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\nadmin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>register<\/span>(<\/span>Question<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"admin03t.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6bd4\u901a\u8fc7shell\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u60f3\u5584\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
12. \u4e00\u8def\u5411\u524d\u53bb\u770b +<\/h1>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\uff1a\u521d\u6b21\u521b\u5efa Django \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f
\nhttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/intro\/tutorial03\/<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7URL\u6539\u53d8\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u89c6\u56fe<\/h2>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>\"Hello, world. You're at the polls index.\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> detail<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>\"You're looking at question %s.\"<\/span> %<\/span> question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> results<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    response<\/span> =<\/span> \"You're looking at the results of question %s.\"<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>response<\/span> %<\/span> question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> vote<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>\"You're voting on question %s.\"<\/span> %<\/span> question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    # ex: \/polls\/\r\n<\/span>    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>index<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'index'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    # ex: \/polls\/5\/\r\n<\/span>    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>detail<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'detail'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    # ex: \/polls\/5\/results\/\r\n<\/span>    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/results\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>results<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'results'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    # ex: \/polls\/5\/vote\/\r\n<\/span>    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/vote\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>vote<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'vote'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165python manage.py runserver\u5e76\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\uff0cpolls\/views.py\u4e2d\u7684detail()\u3001results()\u548cvote()\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002
\nhttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/polls\/34\/
\nhttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/polls\/34\/results\/
\nhttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/polls\/34\/vote\/<\/p>\n
\u5236\u4f5c\u7d22\u5f15\u9875<\/h2>\n
\u5728 polls\/views.py \u6587\u4ef6\u7684 index() \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5199\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5c06 Question. \u91cd\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    latest_question_list<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>'-pub_date'<\/span>)[:<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    output<\/span> =<\/span> ', '<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>([<\/span>q<\/span>.<\/span>question_text<\/span> for<\/span> q<\/span> in<\/span> latest_question_list<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>output<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> detail<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>\"You're looking at question %s.\"<\/span> %<\/span> question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> results<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    response<\/span> =<\/span> \"You're looking at the results of question %s.\"<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>response<\/span> %<\/span> question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> vote<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>\"You're voting on question %s.\"<\/span> %<\/span> question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
13. \u5236\u4f5c\u6a21\u677f<\/h1>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5728views.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u4e86\u754c\u9762\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u79bb\u5230\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728views.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u5165loader.get_template(‘polls\/index.html’)\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bfb\u53d6template\/polls\/index.html\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.template<\/span> import<\/span> loader<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    latest_question_list<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>'-pub_date'<\/span>)[:<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    template<\/span> =<\/span> loader<\/span>.<\/span>get_template<\/span>(<\/span>'polls\/index.html'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    context<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        'latest_question_list'<\/span>:<\/span> latest_question_list<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>(<\/span>template<\/span>.<\/span>render<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>,<\/span> request<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
{% if latest_question_list %}\r\n    <ul><\/span>\r\n    {% for question in latest_question_list %}\r\n        <li><a<\/span> href=<\/span>\"\/polls\/{{ question.id }}\/\"<\/span>><\/span>{{ question.question_text }}<\/a><\/li><\/span>\r\n    {% endfor %}\r\n    <\/ul><\/span>\r\n{% else %}\r\n    <p><\/span>No polls are available.<\/p><\/span>\r\n{% endif %}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6e32\u67d3<\/h2>\n
\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u677f\u5e76\u6e32\u67d3\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3arender()\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> render<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    latest_question_list<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>'-pub_date'<\/span>)[:<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    context<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>'latest_question_list'<\/span>:<\/span> latest_question_list<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'polls\/index.html'<\/span>,<\/span> context<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
14. \u663e\u793a404\u9519\u8bef<\/h1>\n
\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try\/except\u8bed\u53e5\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de404\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> Http404<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> render<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> index<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    latest_question_list<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>'-pub_date'<\/span>)[:<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    context<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>'latest_question_list'<\/span>:<\/span> latest_question_list<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'polls\/index.html'<\/span>,<\/span> context<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> detail<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    try<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        question<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    except<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>DoesNotExist<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        raise<\/span> Http404<\/span>(<\/span>\"Question does not exist\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'polls\/detail.html'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>'question'<\/span>:<\/span> question<\/span>})<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8fd4\u56de404<\/h2>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\/\u6355\u83b7\u90fd\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570get_object_or_404()\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u8fd4\u56de404\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>,<\/span> render<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n# ...\r\n<\/span>def<\/span> detail<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span> =<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>(<\/span>Question<\/span>,<\/span> pk<\/span>=<\/span>question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'polls\/detail.html'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>'question'<\/span>:<\/span> question<\/span>})<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
15. \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h1>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728polls\/urls.py\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86app_name\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6700\u597d\u8bb0\u5f97\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span>\r\n\r\napp_name<\/span> =<\/span> 'polls'<\/span>\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>index<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'index'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>detail<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'detail'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/results\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>results<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'results'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/vote\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>vote<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'vote'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u53c2\u8003\u89c6\u56fe\u4ecedetail\u66f4\u6539\u4e3apolls:detail\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982polls:hoge\u3002<\/p>\n
{<\/span>%<\/span> if<\/span> latest_question_list<\/span> %<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    <<\/span>ul<\/span>><\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>%<\/span> for<\/span> question<\/span> in<\/span> latest_question_list<\/span> %<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n        <<\/span>li<\/span>><<\/span>a<\/span> href<\/span>=<\/span>\"{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}\"<\/span>><\/span>{{<\/span> question<\/span>.<\/span>question_text<\/span> }}<\/span><\/<\/span>a<\/span>><\/<\/span>li<\/span>><\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>%<\/span> endfor<\/span> %<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    <\/<\/span>ul<\/span>><\/span>\r\n{<\/span>%<\/span> else<\/span> %<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    <<\/span>p<\/span>><\/span>No<\/span> polls<\/span> are<\/span> available<\/span>.<\/span><\/<\/span>p<\/span>><\/span>\r\n{<\/span>%<\/span> endif<\/span> %<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
16. \u5199\u8868\u683c<\/h1>\n
\u5f00\u53d1\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Django \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7b2c4\u6b65
\nhttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/zh-hans\/3.1\/intro\/tutorial04\/<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u6295\u7968\u6309\u94ae\u3002<\/p>\n
<h1><\/span>{{ question.question_text }}<\/h1><\/span>\r\n\r\n{% if error_message %}<p><strong><\/span>{{ error_message }}<\/strong><\/p><\/span>{% endif %}\r\n\r\n<form<\/span> action=<\/span>\"{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}\"<\/span> method=<\/span>\"post\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n{% csrf_token %}\r\n{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}\r\n    <input<\/span> type=<\/span>\"radio\"<\/span> name=<\/span>\"choice\"<\/span> id=<\/span>\"choice{{ forloop.counter }}\"<\/span> value=<\/span>\"{{ choice.id }}\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n    <label<\/span> for=<\/span>\"choice{{ forloop.counter }}\"<\/span>><\/span>{{ choice.choice_text }}<\/label><br><\/span>\r\n{% endfor %}\r\n<input<\/span> type=<\/span>\"submit\"<\/span> value=<\/span>\"Vote\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n<\/form><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u6295\u7968\uff1a\u5728polls\/urls.py\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u9700\u5728poll\/views.py\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/vote\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>vote<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'vote'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u9879\u5230\/polls\/results\/\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> HttpResponseRedirect<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>,<\/span> render<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> reverse<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Choice<\/span>,<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> vote<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span> =<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>(<\/span>Question<\/span>,<\/span> pk<\/span>=<\/span>question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    try<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        selected_choice<\/span> =<\/span> question<\/span>.<\/span>choice_set<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>request<\/span>.<\/span>POST<\/span>[<\/span>'choice'<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n    except<\/span> (<\/span>KeyError<\/span>,<\/span> Choice<\/span>.<\/span>DoesNotExist<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        # Redisplay the question voting form.\r\n<\/span>        return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'polls\/detail.html'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            'question'<\/span>:<\/span> question<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            'error_message'<\/span>:<\/span> \"You didn't select a choice.\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        })<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        selected_choice<\/span>.<\/span>votes<\/span> +=<\/span> 1<\/span>\r\n        selected_choice<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing\r\n<\/span>        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a\r\n<\/span>        # user hits the Back button.\r\n<\/span>        return<\/span> HttpResponseRedirect<\/span>(<\/span>reverse<\/span>(<\/span>'polls:results'<\/span>,<\/span> args<\/span>=<\/span>(<\/span>question<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>,)))<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528”\/polls\/results\/”\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>,<\/span> render<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> results<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> question_id<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span> =<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>(<\/span>Question<\/span>,<\/span> pk<\/span>=<\/span>question_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> 'polls\/results.html'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>'question'<\/span>:<\/span> question<\/span>})<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
17. \u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u89c6\u56fe<\/h1>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u89c6\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> path<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span>\r\n\r\napp_name<\/span> =<\/span> 'polls'<\/span>\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>IndexView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'index'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:pk>\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>DetailView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'detail'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:pk>\/results\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>ResultsView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'results'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<int:question_id>\/vote\/'<\/span>,<\/span> views<\/span>.<\/span>vote<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'vote'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> django.http<\/span> import<\/span> HttpResponseRedirect<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>,<\/span> render<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> reverse<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.views<\/span> import<\/span> generic<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> Choice<\/span>,<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> IndexView<\/span>(<\/span>generic<\/span>.<\/span>ListView<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    template_name<\/span> =<\/span> 'polls\/index.html'<\/span>\r\n    context_object_name<\/span> =<\/span> 'latest_question_list'<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> get_queryset<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        \"\"\"Return the last five published questions.\"\"\"<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>'-pub_date'<\/span>)[:<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> DetailView<\/span>(<\/span>generic<\/span>.<\/span>DetailView<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    model<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n    template_name<\/span> =<\/span> 'polls\/detail.html'<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> ResultsView<\/span>(<\/span>generic<\/span>.<\/span>DetailView<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    model<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n    template_name<\/span> =<\/span> 'polls\/results.html'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/ja\/3.1\/intro\/tutorial05\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8fd9\u662fDjango\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u7a0b\u300a\u521d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528 Django \u521b\u5efa\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c1\u5230\u7b2c5\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002 \u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u666e\u901a\u7684 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nDjango\u6559\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/django\u6559\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Django\u6559\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u8fd9\u662fDjango\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u7a0b\u300a\u521d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528 Django \u521b\u5efa\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c1\u5230\u7b2c5\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002 \u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u666e\u901a\u7684 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/django\u6559\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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