{"id":49406,"date":"2023-10-19T17:18:03","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T05:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%b0%86fastapi%e4%b8%8edjango-orm%e7%bb%93%e5%90%88%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%80%e8%b5%b7\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T05:02:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T21:02:44","slug":"%e5%b0%86fastapi%e4%b8%8edjango-orm%e7%bb%93%e5%90%88%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%80%e8%b5%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%b0%86fastapi%e4%b8%8edjango-orm%e7%bb%93%e5%90%88%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%80%e8%b5%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c06FastAPI\u4e0eDjango ORM\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u52d5\u6a5f – Motivation<\/h2>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u542c\u8bf4FastAPI\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u4eceDjango\u8f6c\u6295\u81f3FastAPI\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4ecd\u5e0c\u671b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528Django\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u8d2a\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528Django ORM\u548cFastAPI\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0cDjango ORM\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53e6\u5916\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982orm\u3001gino\u3001sqlalchemy 1.4+\u7b49\u3002
\n\u4eceDjango 4.1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Django ORM\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c1a\u672a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2\u4f5c\u4e3aPostgreSQL\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e Django \u6587\u4ef6\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

django-admin startproject mysite\r\ndjango-admin startapp poll\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u751f\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u5220\u9664views.py\u548cmodels.py\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eFastAPI\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>tree -L<\/span> 3 -I<\/span> '__pycache__|venv'<\/span> -P<\/span> '*.py'<\/span>\r\n.<\/span>\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 manage.py\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 mysite\r\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 asgi.py\r\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 settings.py\r\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 urls.py\r\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 wsgi.py\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 polls\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 adapters\r\n    \u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 admin.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 apps.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 migrations\r\n    \u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 models\r\n    \u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 routers\r\n    \u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 schemas\r\n    \u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 tests.py\r\n\r\n7 directories, 15 files\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u533a\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
models\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c0\uff1aDjango ORM<\/p>\n
routers\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c0\uff1aFastAPI routers<\/p>\n
schemas\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c0\uff1aFastAPI \u306e Pydantic \u30d0\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf<\/p>\n
adapters\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c0\uff1aDjango ORM \u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30d7\u30bf\u30fc<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u7684FastAPI Web\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cORM\u548cPydantic\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u8981\u628aORM\u8f6c\u6362\u6210Pydantic\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Pydantic\u7684ORM\u6a21\u5f0f\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n
\u53c2\u8003 Django \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
>>><\/span> from<\/span> polls.models<\/span> import<\/span> Choice<\/span>,<\/span> Question<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> from<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span> =<\/span> Question<\/span>(<\/span>question_text<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>What<\/span>'<\/span>s new?<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> pub_date<\/span>=<\/span>timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n>>><\/span> q<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5feb\u901f\u5c0e\u5165 FastAPI<\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u90e8\u5206\u7684import\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n
from<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> pydantic<\/span> import<\/span> BaseModel<\/span> as<\/span> _BaseModel<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> BaseModel<\/span>(<\/span>_BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    @classmethod<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> from_orms<\/span>(<\/span>cls<\/span>,<\/span> instances<\/span>:<\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>]):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> [<\/span>cls<\/span>.<\/span>from_orm<\/span>(<\/span>inst<\/span>)<\/span> for<\/span> inst<\/span> in<\/span> instances<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> FastQuestion<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question_text<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n    pub_date<\/span>:<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        orm_mode<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> FastQuestions<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    items<\/span>:<\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>FastQuestion<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @classmethod<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> from_qs<\/span>(<\/span>cls<\/span>,<\/span> qs<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> cls<\/span>(<\/span>items<\/span>=<\/span>FastQuestion<\/span>.<\/span>from_orms<\/span>(<\/span>qs<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> FastChoice<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span>:<\/span> FastQuestion<\/span>\r\n    choice_text<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        orm_mode<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> FastChoices<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    items<\/span>:<\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>FastChoice<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @classmethod<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> from_qs<\/span>(<\/span>cls<\/span>,<\/span> qs<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> cls<\/span>(<\/span>items<\/span>=<\/span>FastChoice<\/span>.<\/span>from_orms<\/span>(<\/span>qs<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9002\u914d\u5668<\/h3>\n
\u4eceDjango 4.1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
ModelT<\/span> =<\/span> TypeVar<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>ModelT<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> bound<\/span>=<\/span>models<\/span>.<\/span>Model<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> retrieve_object<\/span>(<\/span>model_class<\/span>:<\/span> Type<\/span>[<\/span>ModelT<\/span>],<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> ModelT<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    instance<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> model_class<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>id<\/span>).<\/span>afirst<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> not<\/span> instance<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        raise<\/span> HTTPException<\/span>(<\/span>status_code<\/span>=<\/span>404<\/span>,<\/span> detail<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>Object not found.<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> instance<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> retrieve_question<\/span>(<\/span>q_id<\/span>:<\/span> int<\/span> =<\/span> Path<\/span>(...,<\/span> description<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>get question from db<\/span>\"<\/span>)):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> await<\/span> retrieve_object<\/span>(<\/span>Question<\/span>,<\/span> q_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> retrieve_choice<\/span>(<\/span>c_id<\/span>:<\/span> int<\/span> =<\/span> Path<\/span>(...,<\/span> description<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>get choice from db<\/span>\"<\/span>)):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> await<\/span> retrieve_object<\/span>(<\/span>Choice<\/span>,<\/span> c_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> retrieve_questions<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> [<\/span>q<\/span> async<\/span> for<\/span> q<\/span> in<\/span> Question<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()]<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> retrieve_choices<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> [<\/span>c<\/span> async<\/span> for<\/span> c<\/span> in<\/span> Choice<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/h3>\n
\u8def\u7531\u5668\/__init__.py<\/h4>\n
from<\/span> .choices<\/span> import<\/span> router<\/span> as<\/span> choices_router<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .questions<\/span> import<\/span> router<\/span> as<\/span> questions_router<\/span>\r\n\r\n__all__<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>\"<\/span>register_routers<\/span>\"<\/span>,)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> register_routers<\/span>(<\/span>app<\/span>:<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    app<\/span>.<\/span>include_router<\/span>(<\/span>questions_router<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    app<\/span>.<\/span>include_router<\/span>(<\/span>choices_router<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8def\u7531\u5668\/\u9009\u62e9.py<\/h4>\n
router<\/span> =<\/span> APIRouter<\/span>(<\/span>prefix<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>\/choice<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> tags<\/span>=<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>choices<\/span>\"<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>FastChoices<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> get_choices<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    choices<\/span>:<\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>Choice<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> Depends<\/span>(<\/span>adapters<\/span>.<\/span>retrieve_choices<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n)<\/span> -><\/span> FastChoices<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> FastChoices<\/span>.<\/span>from_qs<\/span>(<\/span>choices<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/{c_id}<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>FastChoice<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> get_choice<\/span>(<\/span>choice<\/span>:<\/span> Choice<\/span> =<\/span> Depends<\/span>(<\/span>adapters<\/span>.<\/span>retrieve_choice<\/span>))<\/span> -><\/span> FastChoice<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> FastChoice<\/span>.<\/span>from_orm<\/span>(<\/span>choice<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8def\u7531\u5668\/\u95ee\u9898.py<\/h4>\n
router<\/span> =<\/span> APIRouter<\/span>(<\/span>prefix<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>\/question<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> tags<\/span>=<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>questions<\/span>\"<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>FastQuestions<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> get_questions<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    questions<\/span>:<\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>Question<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> Depends<\/span>(<\/span>adapters<\/span>.<\/span>retrieve_questions<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n)<\/span> -><\/span> FastQuestions<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> FastQuestions<\/span>.<\/span>from_qs<\/span>(<\/span>questions<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/{q_id}<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>FastQuestion<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> get_question<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    question<\/span>:<\/span> Question<\/span> =<\/span> Depends<\/span>(<\/span>adapters<\/span>.<\/span>retrieve_question<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n)<\/span> -><\/span> FastQuestion<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> FastQuestion<\/span>.<\/span>from_orm<\/span>(<\/span>question<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
asgi.py<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\/asgi.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86FastAPI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> fastapi.staticfiles<\/span> import<\/span> StaticFiles<\/span>\r\n\r\nfastapp<\/span> =<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> init<\/span>(<\/span>app<\/span>:<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    from<\/span> polls.routers<\/span> import<\/span> register_routers<\/span>\r\n\r\n    register_routers<\/span>(<\/span>app<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    if<\/span> settings<\/span>.<\/span>MOUNT_DJANGO_APP<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        app<\/span>.<\/span>mount<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/django<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> application<\/span>)<\/span>  # type:ignore\r\n<\/span>        app<\/span>.<\/span>mount<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/static<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> StaticFiles<\/span>(<\/span>directory<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>staticfiles<\/span>\"<\/span>),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>static<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ninit<\/span>(<\/span>fastapp<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f00\u59cb<\/h3>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u4e8euvicorn\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e5f\u9700\u8981whitenoise\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528FastAPI\u548cuvicorn\u5e93\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a`uvicorn mysite.asgi:fastapp –reload`\uff0c\u800cDjango\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a`uvicorn mysite.asgi:application –port 8001 –reload`\u3002<\/p>\n
FastAPI\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740\u4e3ahttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/docs\/\uff0cDjango\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u754c\u9762\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8001\/admin\/\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aASGI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06Django\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6302\u8f7d\u5230FastAPI\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
# in mysite\/settings.py\r\n<\/span>\r\nMOUNT_DJANGO_APP<\/span> =<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Django\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4f4d\u4e8ehttp:\/\/localhost:8000\/django\/admin\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\u548cDjango ORM\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5de7\u5999\u5206\u79bb\u96c6\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u7684Github\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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