{"id":49368,"date":"2023-06-10T12:14:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-16T15:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%badjango%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T08:11:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T00:11:19","slug":"%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%badjango%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%badjango%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u521b\u5efaDjango\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n

Windows 11 \u5bb6\u5ead\u7248
\nPython 3.10.2
\nDjango 4.0.2
\n\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n

Background (\u80cc\u666f)<\/h2>\n

\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u672c\u9875\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u521d\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5236\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0<\/h2>\n

Django \u7b2c1\u7ae0\uff1a\u521b\u5efa Django \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b
\nDjango \u7b2c2\u7ae0\uff1a\u5728 Django \u521d\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5bc6\u7801\u66f4\u6539
\nDjango \u7b2c3\u7ae0\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539
\nDjango \u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650\u7684 URL\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u7531\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6279\u51c6\u4ee5\u53d1\u884c\u8d26\u6237
\nDjango \u7b2c5\u7ae0\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\u9501\u5b9a\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650\u7684 URL \u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u4eba\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u9501\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001<\/h2>\n

\u521a\u521a\u4f7f\u7528python startproject mysite\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\n\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528Email\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1amysite\/settings.py<\/h2>\n

\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efausersApp\u3002
\npython manage.py startapp users\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728settings.py\u4e2d\u4f7f\u521a\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684users\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49AUTH_USER_MODEL\u3002<\/p>\n

INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.admin<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.auth<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.contenttypes<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.sessions<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.messages<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.staticfiles<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n\r\n    # Local\r\n<\/span>    '<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> #\u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\nAUTH_USER_MODEL<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>users.User<\/span>'<\/span> # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>\r\n...<\/span>\r\nLANGUAGE_CODE<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>ja<\/span>'<\/span> # \u5909\u66f4\r\n<\/span>\r\nTIME_ZONE<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>Asia\/Tokyo<\/span>'<\/span> # \u5909\u66f4\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
## \u6b65\u9aa4: \u7528\u6237\/\u6a21\u578b.py<\/p>\n
\r\nfrom<\/span> django.utils<\/span> import<\/span> timezone<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.db<\/span> import<\/span> models<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.models<\/span> import<\/span> AbstractBaseUser<\/span>,<\/span> PermissionsMixin<\/span>,<\/span> UserManager<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.core.mail<\/span> import<\/span> send_mail<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> uuid<\/span> as<\/span> uuid_lib<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> UserManager<\/span>(<\/span>UserManager<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> _create_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>=<\/span>email<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>set_password<\/span>(<\/span>password<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>using<\/span>=<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>_db<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> user<\/span>\r\n    \r\n    def<\/span> create_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>is_staff<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>is_superuser<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>_create_user<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> create_superuser<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> email<\/span>,<\/span> password<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>is_staff<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>setdefault<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>is_superuser<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        \r\n        if<\/span> extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>is_staff<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> True<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Superuser must have is_staff=True.<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> extra_fields<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>is_superuser<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> True<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            raise<\/span> ValueError<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Superuser must have is_superuser=True.<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n        email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>email<\/span>=<\/span>email<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>extra_fields<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>username<\/span> =<\/span> email<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>set_password<\/span>(<\/span>password<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        user<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>using<\/span>=<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>_db<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> user<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> User<\/span>(<\/span>AbstractBaseUser<\/span>,<\/span> PermissionsMixin<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span>Custom User<\/span>\"\"\"<\/span>\r\n    class<\/span> Meta<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        verbose_name<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n        verbose_name_plural<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n\r\n    uuid<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>UUIDField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>uuid_lib<\/span>.<\/span>uuid4<\/span>,<\/span> primary_key<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span> editable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span> # \u7ba1\u7406ID\r\n<\/span>    username<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>CharField<\/span>(<\/span>max_length<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span>,<\/span> unique<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span> # \u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u6c0f\u540d\r\n<\/span>    email<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>EmailField<\/span>(<\/span>unique<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span> blank<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span> null<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span> # \u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 = \u3053\u308c\u3067\u8a8d\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\r\n<\/span>\r\n    is_active<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span> # \u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u6a29\u9650\r\n<\/span>    is_staff<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span> # \u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u6a29\u9650\r\n<\/span>    is_superuser<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span> # \u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6a29\u9650\r\n<\/span>    date_joined<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>timezone<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>)<\/span> # \u30a2\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u4f5c\u6210\u65e5\u6642\r\n<\/span>    password_changed<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>BooleanField<\/span>(<\/span>default<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span> # \u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0\r\n<\/span>    password_changed_date<\/span> =<\/span> models<\/span>.<\/span>DateTimeField<\/span>(<\/span>blank<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span> null<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span> # \u6700\u7d42\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u5909\u66f4\u65e5\u6642\r\n<\/span>\r\n    objects<\/span> =<\/span> UserManager<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    EMAIL_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>email<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n    USERNAME_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>email<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n    REQUIRED_FIELD<\/span> =<\/span> ''<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> clean<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        super<\/span>().<\/span>clean<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span> =<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>__class__<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>normalize_email<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> email_user<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> subject<\/span>,<\/span> message<\/span>,<\/span> from_email<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        send_mail<\/span>(<\/span>subject<\/span>,<\/span> message<\/span>,<\/span> from_email<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span>],<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> __str__<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>email<\/span>\r\n\r\n    def<\/span> get_full_name<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>username<\/span>\r\n    \r\n    def<\/span> get_short_name<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>username<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
verbose_name\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u4ee5\u65e5\u8bed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u663e\u793aUsers\u3002
\n\u5728email = models.EmailField(unique=True, blank=True, null=True)\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709blank=True, null=True\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u4f1a\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: users_user.email\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u5728 `admin.py` \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 `models.py` \u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.admin<\/span> import<\/span> UserAdmin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.utils.translation<\/span> import<\/span> gettext<\/span>,<\/span> gettext_lazy<\/span> as<\/span> _<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> .models<\/span> import<\/span> User<\/span>\r\n\r\n@admin.register<\/span>(<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> UserAdmin<\/span>(<\/span>UserAdmin<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    fieldsets<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n        (<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>'<\/span>fields<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>username<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>password<\/span>'<\/span>)}),<\/span>\r\n        (<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Personal Info<\/span>'<\/span>,),<\/span> {<\/span>'<\/span>fields<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>email<\/span>'<\/span>,)}),<\/span>\r\n        (<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Permissions<\/span>'<\/span>,),<\/span> {<\/span>'<\/span>fields<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>is_active<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>is_staff<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>is_superuser<\/span>'<\/span>,)}),<\/span>\r\n        (<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Password<\/span>'<\/span>,),<\/span> {<\/span>'<\/span>fields<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>password_changed<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>password_changed_date<\/span>'<\/span>,)}),<\/span>\r\n        (<\/span>_<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Important Dates<\/span>'<\/span>,),<\/span> {<\/span>'<\/span>fields<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>last_login<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>date_joined<\/span>'<\/span>,)}),<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n\r\n    list_display<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>username<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>email<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>is_active<\/span>'<\/span>,)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u8f9b\u82e6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/h2>\n
Django \u7b2c1\u7bc7\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b
\nDjango \u7b2c2\u7bc7\uff1a\u5728Django\u521d\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801
\nDjango \u7b2c3\u7bc7\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801
\nDjango \u7b2c4\u7bc7\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u4e14\u5e26\u6709\u6709\u6548\u671f\u7684URL\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4eba\u5458\u6279\u51c6\u540e\u53d1\u653e\u8d26\u6237
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