{"id":49321,"date":"2023-10-16T22:25:41","date_gmt":"2023-01-29T05:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e6%88%91%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8django-rest-framework%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0api%e5%b9%b6%e5%9c%a8swagger-ui%e4%b8%ad%e6%98%be%e7%a4%ba%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T04:36:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T20:36:14","slug":"%e6%88%91%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8django-rest-framework%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0api%e5%b9%b6%e5%9c%a8swagger-ui%e4%b8%ad%e6%98%be%e7%a4%ba%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e6%88%91%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8django-rest-framework%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0api%e5%b9%b6%e5%9c%a8swagger-ui%e4%b8%ad%e6%98%be%e7%a4%ba%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528Django REST Framework\u5b9e\u73b0API\u5e76\u5728Swagger UI\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5148<\/h4>\n

\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528Django REST Framework\uff08DRF\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u3002
\n\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efaAPI\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528FastAPI\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u652f\u6301Swagger\u6587\u6863\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u53d1\u73b0Django\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002
\n\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528DRF\u6765\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efaAPI\u6587\u6863\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u9700\u7a0d\u4f5c\u6539\u8fdb\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cfFastAPI\u4e00\u6837\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efaAPI\u6587\u6863\u3002
\n\u672c\u6b21\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528DRF\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684API\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u751f\u6210API\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u501f\u7528\u5148\u4eba\u667a\u6167\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u8c22\u5e76\u975e\u5e38\u62b1\u6b49\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u6574\u7406\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n

Windows 11\u4e13\u4e1a\u7248 22H2
\nPython 3.12.0
\nDjango 4.2.6
\nDjango REST\u6846\u67b6 3.14.0
\nSQLite 3.43.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1. Swagger \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n

Swagger\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7528\u65bc\u69cb\u5efaRESTful API\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u6846\u67b6\u3002
\nSwagger\u662f\u7531\u300cOpen API Initiative\u300d\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0RESTful API\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u683c\u5f0f\u3002Swagger\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u986f\u3002
\n\u901a\u904e\u7de8\u5bebSwagger Spec\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6a94\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6587\u6a94\u4e2d\u767c\u9001\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0eSwagger\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u672f\u8bed<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7528\u8a9e\u8aac\u660eSwagger SpecificationSwagger\u3092\u6271\u3046\u4e0a\u3067\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3001Swagger\u306e\u4ed5\u69d8\u306b\u6e96\u3058\u305f\u3001RESTful API\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\uff08YAML\/JSON\uff09\u3002Swagger Editor\u306a\u3069\u3067\u7de8\u96c6\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001YAML\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3084Swagger UI\u3068\u9023\u643a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306fJSON\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3002OpenAPI SpecificationSwagger\u3092\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305fRESTful API\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\uff08JSON\uff09\u3002Swagger Editer\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u4e0a\u3067\u52d5\u304fSwagger Specification\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f8\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30a8\u30c7\u30a3\u30bf\u3002\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u3067\u69cb\u6587\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3001\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3002Swagger UISwagger Specification\u3067\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a2d\u8a08\u304b\u3089\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092HTML\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u81ea\u52d5\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3002Swagger CodegenSwagger Specification\u3067\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a2d\u8a08\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3002API\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30d6\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efaAPI\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/h3>\n

\u5b89\u88ddOpenAPI Renderer\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\u3002<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u8fd0\u884cDjango\u9879\u76ee\u7684Python\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

(venv) pip install pyyaml\r\n(venv) pip install uritemplate\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f16\u8f91django\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684urls.py\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h4>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib<\/span> import<\/span> admin<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.urls<\/span> import<\/span> include<\/span>,<\/span> path<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>from<\/span> rest_framework.schemas<\/span> import<\/span> get_schema_view<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>from<\/span> django.views.generic<\/span> import<\/span> TemplateView<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>admin\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> admin<\/span>.<\/span>site<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>schema\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> get_schema_view<\/span>(<\/span>          # \u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u8868\u793a\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        title<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>\u4efb\u610f<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        description<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>\u4efb\u610f<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    ),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'<\/span>openapi-schema<\/span>'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>docs\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> TemplateView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(<\/span>       # \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u8868\u793a\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        template_name<\/span>=<\/span>'<\/span>swagger-ui.html<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        extra_context<\/span>=<\/span>{<\/span>'<\/span>schema_url<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span>'<\/span>openapi-schema<\/span>'<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    ),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'<\/span>swagger-ui<\/span>'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728project\/settings.py\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6a21\u677f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
TEMPLATES<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        '<\/span>BACKEND<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>        '<\/span>DIRS<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> [],<\/span> # \u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306b\u8ffd\u8a18<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        '<\/span>DIRS<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>'<\/span>templates<\/span>'<\/span>],<\/span>       # \u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306b\u8ffd\u8a18<\/span>\r\n<\/span>        '<\/span>APP_DIRS<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        '<\/span>OPTIONS<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            '<\/span>context_processors<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n                '<\/span>django.template.context_processors.debug<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                '<\/span>django.template.context_processors.request<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                '<\/span>django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                '<\/span>django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            ],<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u70ba\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5728django\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70batemplates\/\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u593e\u3002
\n\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u986f\u793a\u5951\u7d04\u6587\u6a94\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6b21\u8981\u4f7f\u7528swagger-ui.html\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5275\u5efatemplates\/swagger-ui.html\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html><\/span>\r\n<html><\/span>\r\n  <head><\/span>\r\n    <title><\/span>API References<\/title><\/span>\r\n    <meta<\/span> charset=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>\/><\/span>\r\n    <meta<\/span> name=<\/span>\"viewport\"<\/span> content=<\/span>\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n    <link<\/span> rel=<\/span>\"stylesheet\"<\/span> type=<\/span>\"text\/css\"<\/span> href=<\/span>\"\/\/unpkg.com\/swagger-ui-dist@3\/swagger-ui.css\"<\/span> \/><\/span>\r\n  <\/head><\/span>\r\n  <body><\/span>\r\n    <div<\/span> id=<\/span>\"swagger-ui\"<\/span>><\/div><\/span>\r\n    <script <\/span>src=<\/span>\"\/\/unpkg.com\/swagger-ui-dist@3\/swagger-ui-bundle.js\"<\/span>><\/script><\/span>\r\n    <script><\/span>\r\n    const<\/span> ui<\/span> =<\/span> SwaggerUIBundle<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n        url<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>{% url schema_url %}<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        dom_id<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>#swagger-ui<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        presets<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n          SwaggerUIBundle<\/span>.<\/span>presets<\/span>.<\/span>apis<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n          SwaggerUIBundle<\/span>.<\/span>SwaggerUIStandalonePreset<\/span>\r\n        ],<\/span>\r\n        layout<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>BaseLayout<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n      })<\/span>\r\n    <\/script><\/span>\r\n  <\/body><\/span>\r\n<\/html><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u4ee5\u5148\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684DRF API\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
root<\/span> \uff08\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\uff09\r\n\u251c djangoApiApp<\/span> \uff08\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\uff09\r\n  \u251c __<\/span>pycache__<\/span>\r\n  \u251c __<\/span>init__<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c asgi<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c settings<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u2514 wsgi<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n\u251c products<\/span> \uff08\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff09\r\n  \u251c __<\/span>pycache__<\/span>\r\n  \u251c migtarions<\/span>\r\n  \u251c __<\/span>init__<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c admin<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c apps<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c models<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c serializers<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c tests<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u251c urls<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n  \u2514 views<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n\u251c templates<\/span>            # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>  \u2514 swagger<\/span>-ui<\/span>.html<\/span>    # \u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>\u2514 venv<\/span>\r\n  \u251c Include<\/span>\r\n  \u251c Lib<\/span>\r\n  \u251c Scripts<\/span>\r\n  \u2514 pyvenv<\/span>.cfg<\/span>\r\n.env<\/span>\r\ndb<\/span>.sqlite3<\/span>\r\nmanage<\/span>.py<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2-4) \u67e5\u770b API \u6587\u6863<\/h4>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/localhost:8000\/schema\/ \u6216\u8005http:\/\/localhost:8000\/docs\/\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u67e5\u770bAPI\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06localhost\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a127.0.0.1\uff09<\/p>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230GitHub\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\n
\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n
\u5f00\u653eAPI\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u98ce\u59ff\u6447\u66f3<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a “ReDoc” \u7684\u4e1c\u897f…<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\n
(\u7f16\u8f91\u540e\u8bb0)<\/h4>\n
(\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u6ce8)<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Django REST Framework\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0API\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e86Swagger\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Swagger UI\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u3002
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\n\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u6765\u751f\u6210API\u6587\u6863\u7684\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u3002
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