{"id":49288,"date":"2023-10-16T23:43:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T23:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/django%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e7%99%bb%e5%bd%95%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%b9%b6%e6%a0%b9%e6%8d%ae%e6%af%8f%e4%b8%aa%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%88%87%e6%8d%a2\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T04:36:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T20:36:53","slug":"django%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e7%99%bb%e5%bd%95%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%b9%b6%e6%a0%b9%e6%8d%ae%e6%af%8f%e4%b8%aa%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%88%87%e6%8d%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/django%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e7%99%bb%e5%bd%95%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%b9%b6%e6%a0%b9%e6%8d%ae%e6%af%8f%e4%b8%aa%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%88%87%e6%8d%a2\/","title":{"rendered":"Django\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 – \u5b9e\u73b0\u767b\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9-"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u5728Django\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002\u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5728ChatGPT4\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u989d\u5916\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u7ae0\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h1>\n

\u672c\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5229\u7528Django\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h2>\n

1.1 \u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n

\u5728Django\u9879\u76ee\u7684settings.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

INSTALLED_APPS<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.auth<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.contenttypes<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    '<\/span>django.contrib.sessions<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.2 \u7f51\u5740\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
\u8bf7\u5728urls.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0bURL\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib.auth<\/span> import<\/span> views<\/span> as<\/span> auth_views<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>login\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> auth_views<\/span>.<\/span>LoginView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'<\/span>login<\/span>'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>logout\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> auth_views<\/span>.<\/span>LogoutView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>'<\/span>logout<\/span>'<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u5b9e\u73b0LoginView\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u5728`views.py`\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0`LoginView`\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.contrib.auth.views<\/span> import<\/span> LoginView<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> AppLoginView<\/span>(<\/span>LoginView<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    fields<\/span> =<\/span> \"<\/span>__all__<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    #\u521d\u671f\u6642\u306fregistration\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u81ea\u4f5c\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u5185\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>    #template_name = \"myApp\/login.html\"    \"myApp\"\u306f\u5404\u81ea\u306eapp\u540d\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\r\n<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> get_success_url<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> reverse_lazy<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\u9077\u79fb\u5148url<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>    #\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/\u3007\u3007\/\"\u306e\"\u3007\u3007\"\u90e8\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> views<\/span> import<\/span> ApploginView<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.views<\/span> import<\/span> LogoutView<\/span>\r\n\r\nurlpatterns<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>login\/<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> AppLoginView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>login<\/span>\"<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    path<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>logout\/<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> AppLoginView<\/span>.<\/span>as_view<\/span>(<\/span>next_page<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>login<\/span>\"<\/span>),<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>logout<\/span>\"<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efalogin.html\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728template\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684registration\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u65f6\uff09\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u5236\u7684app\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efalogin.html\u3002<\/p>\n
<h2><\/span>Login<\/h2><\/span>\r\n<form<\/span> method=<\/span>\"post\"<\/span>><\/span>\r\n  {% csrf_token %}\r\n  {{ form.as_p }}\r\n  <button<\/span> type=<\/span>\"submit\"<\/span>><\/span>Login<\/button><\/span>\r\n<\/form><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230HTML\u4e2d\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u6ce8\u9500\u6309\u94ae\u3002<\/p>\n
<a<\/span> href=<\/span>\"{% url 'logout' %}\"<\/span>><\/span>\u30ed\u30b0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8<\/a><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u6839\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u767b\u5f55\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u548c\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u5185\u5207\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528user\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f{% if user.is_authenticated %}\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
{% if request.user.is_authenticated %}\r\n    <p><\/span>Welcome, {{ request.user.username }}!<\/p><\/span>\r\n    <!-- \u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4 --><\/span>\r\n{% else %}\r\n    <p><\/span>Please log in.<\/p><\/span>\r\n    <!-- \u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4 --><\/span>\r\n{% endif %}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> render<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> my_view<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> request<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span>.<\/span>is_authenticated<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        # \u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\r\n<\/span>        data<\/span> =<\/span> get_data_for_user<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        # \u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\r\n<\/span>        data<\/span> =<\/span> get_default_data<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    return<\/span> render<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>my_template.html<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>'<\/span>data<\/span>'<\/span>:<\/span> data<\/span>})<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u672a\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u516c\u5f0f\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u540d\u4e3aLoginRequiredMixin\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0LoginRequiredMixin\u3002<\/h3>\n
from<\/span> django.views.generic<\/span> import<\/span> ListView<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> django.contrib.auth.mixins<\/span> import<\/span> LoginRequiredMixin<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> HomePage<\/span>(<\/span>LoginRequiredMixin<\/span>,<\/span> ListView<\/span>):<\/span>    #ListView\u306f\u5404\u81ea\u306eView\u306b\u5909\u66f4\r\n<\/span>    model<\/span> =<\/span> \"<\/span>\u5404\u81ea\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3044\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6307\u5b9a<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728settings.py\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<\/h3>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\/accounts\/login\/ \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55URL\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540dURL\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aLOGIN_URL = ‘login’\u3002<\/p>\n
...<\/span>\r\n\r\nLOGIN_URL<\/span> =<\/span> \"<\/span>myapp_app:login<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
4. \u6839\u636e\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u8986\u5199get_context_data\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5df2\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7b5b\u9009\u5668\u3002
\n\u203b\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u7b5b\u9009\u5668\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728”user”\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> django.shortcuts<\/span> import<\/span> render<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> my_view<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    ...<\/span>\r\n    \r\n    def<\/span> get_context_data<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        context<\/span> =<\/span> super<\/span>().<\/span>get_context_data<\/span>(<\/span>**<\/span>kwargs<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        context<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>template\u5185\u3067\u306ekey<\/span>\"<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> context<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>key<\/span>\"<\/span>].<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>=<\/span>self<\/span>.<\/span>request<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span>)<\/span>    #\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\r\n<\/span>        return<\/span> context<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5099\u8003\uff1arequest.user\u548cuser\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\uff1f<\/h2>\n
\u5728Django\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\uff0c{{ user }}\u548c{{ request.user }}\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      {{ user }}: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u4ece\u89c6\u56fe\u5411\u6a21\u677f\u660e\u786e\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 context[‘user’] = some_user_object\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      {{ request.user }}: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 Django \u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728 request.user \u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5df2\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528{{ request.user }}\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u6839\u64da\u8a8d\u8b49\u7372\u53d6\u7576\u524d\u7528\u6236\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c{{ user }}\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8996\u5716\u4e2d\u50b3\u905e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7528\u6236\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5907\u8003\u2461\uff1aLOGIN_URL\u548cLOGIN_REDIRECT_URL\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n
      \u767b\u9646\u94fe\u63a5<\/h3>\n
      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u672a\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u6240\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7684URL\u3002
      \n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\/accounts\/login\/\u3002
      \n\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540dURL\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aLOGIN_URL = ‘login’
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      \u767b\u5f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7f51\u5740<\/h3>\n
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