{"id":47952,"date":"2023-11-16T08:23:35","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T11:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8ruby-on-rails%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0graphql%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%882018%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T09:19:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-04T01:19:21","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8ruby-on-rails%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0graphql%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%882018%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8ruby-on-rails%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0graphql%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%882018%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Ruby on Rails\u5b66\u4e60GraphQL\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff082018\u5e74\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u9996\u5148<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8d76\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u80fd\u5584\u610f\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u6b63\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u80dc\u611f\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u76ee\u6807\u8bfb\u8005<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Class_Base\u306bGraphQL\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u4eba<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">GraphQL\u3067\u306eMutation\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3044\u3061\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u3001Rails\u3068GraphQL\u3067CRUD\u3092\u3084\u3063\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u4eba<\/ul>\n<h2>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879<\/h2>\n<p>GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u592a\u6d89\u53ca\u3002<br \/>\n\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\u8bf7\u67e5\u9605\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5<\/h3>\n<h2>GraphQL\u4e0eREST\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">GraphQlRESTHTTP\u4e0a\u306a\u3069\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3059\u308bHTTP\u4e0a\u306a\u3069\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u4e00\u3064\u3060\u3051\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u8907\u6570\u3042\u308b1\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u5305\u62ec1\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u304d1\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30d5\u30a7\u30c3\u30c1\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30d5\u30a7\u30c3\u30c1\u304c\u904e\u5270<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u5f80 Gemfile \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 graphql\u3002<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">gem<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'graphql'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u751f\u6210GraphQL<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>rails g graphql:install\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5c06\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>\r\nRunning via Spring preloader <span class=\"k\">in <\/span>process 75061\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/.keep\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/bookshelf_schema.rb\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/base_object.rb\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/base_enum.rb\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/base_input_object.rb\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/base_interface.rb\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/base_union.rb\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/query_type.rb\r\nadd_root_type  query\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/mutations\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/mutations\/.keep\r\n      create  app\/graphql\/types\/mutation_type.rb\r\nadd_root_type  mutation\r\n      create  app\/controllers\/graphql_controller.rb\r\n       route  post <span class=\"s2\">\"\/graphql\"<\/span>, to: <span class=\"s2\">\"graphql#execute\"<\/span>\r\nSkipped graphiql, as this rails project is API only\r\n  You may wish to use GraphiQL.app <span class=\"k\">for <\/span>development: https:\/\/github.com\/skevy\/graphiql-app\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528brew\u6765\u5b89\u88c5GraphiQL\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u516c\u5f0f\u7f51\u9875\uff1ahttps:\/\/electronjs.org\/apps\/graphiql<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528brew\uff0c\u5728Mac\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5GraphiQL\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>brew cask <span class=\"nb\">install <\/span>graphiql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d1\u51fa\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n<p>\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684URL\u8f93\u5165\u5230GraphQL\u7ec8\u7aef\u70b9\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u672c\u571f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1ahttp:\/\/api.graphloc.com\/graphql<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u67e5\u8be2\u7eac\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n  getLocation<span class=\"o\">(<\/span>ip: <span class=\"s2\">\"8.8.8.8\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n    location <span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n      latitude\r\n      longitude\r\n    <span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5982\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"s2\">\"data\"<\/span>: <span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"s2\">\"getLocation\"<\/span>: <span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"s2\">\"location\"<\/span>: <span class=\"o\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"s2\">\"latitude\"<\/span>: <span class=\"s2\">\"37.751\"<\/span>,\r\n        <span class=\"s2\">\"longitude\"<\/span>: <span class=\"s2\">\"-97.822\"<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528GrahiQL\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679cRails\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/33-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-15 23.20.27.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5219\u70b9\u51fb\u5c06\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u6863\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u5f00\u201cDocs\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/35-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-15 23.23.38.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u70b9\u51fbQuery\u6309\u94ae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5728query_type.rb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8eJSON\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>query_type\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6267\u884c rails g graphql:install \u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6837\u5f0f\u7684 query_type.rb \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">module<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Types<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">QueryType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># Add root-level fields here.<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># They will be entry points for queries on your schema.<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># TODO: remove me<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:test_field<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"An example field added by the generator\u3000XYZ\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">test_field<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"s2\">\"Hello World!\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">field:test_fieldStringnull: falsedescriptionfield\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9DB\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u540dfield\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578bnull\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304bfield\u306e\u8aac\u660e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728filed\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bdd<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff08block\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e94\u6807\u660erequired\uff1atrue\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">module<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Types<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">QueryType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:test_field<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"An example field added by the generator\u3000XYZ\"<\/span><span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># \u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8\u5074\u3067\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3059field\u3092\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">test_field<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"s2\">\"Hello <\/span><span class=\"si\">#{<\/span><span class=\"nb\">name<\/span><span class=\"si\">}<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d GraphiQL \u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86 name\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/51-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-15 23.54.43.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728testField\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9aname\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/53-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-15 23.56.20.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>context\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u54c8\u5e0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u540e\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684resolve\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6253\u5f00graphql_controller.rb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">GraphqlController<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ApplicationController<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">execute<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">variables<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ensure_hash<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:variables<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">query<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:query<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">operation_name<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:operationName<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">context<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"ss\">time: <\/span><span class=\"no\">Time<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">now<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"c1\"># Query context goes here, for example:<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"c1\"># current_user: current_user,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">result<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">BookshelfSchema<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">execute<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">query<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">variables: <\/span><span class=\"n\">variables<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">context: <\/span><span class=\"n\">context<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">operation_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">operation_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">render<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">json: <\/span><span class=\"n\">result<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">rescue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">raise<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span> <span class=\"k\">unless<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Rails<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">env<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">development?<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">handle_error_in_development<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"kp\">private<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"c1\"># Handle form data, JSON body, or a blank value<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">ensure_hash<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">ambiguous_param<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">case<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ambiguous_param<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">when<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ambiguous_param<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">present?<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">ensure_hash<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"no\">JSON<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">parse<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">ambiguous_param<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">else<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">when<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Hash<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ActionController<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Parameters<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">ambiguous_param<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">when<\/span> <span class=\"kp\">nil<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">else<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">raise<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ArgumentError<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"Unexpected parameter: <\/span><span class=\"si\">#{<\/span><span class=\"n\">ambiguous_param<\/span><span class=\"si\">}<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">handle_error_in_development<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">logger<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">error<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">message<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">logger<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">error<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">backtrace<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">join<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\n<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"n\">render<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">json: <\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">error: <\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">message: <\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">message<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">backtrace: <\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">backtrace<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">data: <\/span><span class=\"p\">{}<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">status: <\/span><span class=\"mi\">500<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2acontext = {}\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u60f3\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9resolve\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684context\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"err\">\u7701\u7565<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">context<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"ss\">time: <\/span><span class=\"no\">Time<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">now<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"err\">\u7701\u7565<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5728query_type.rb\u4e2d\u5c06context[:time]\u4f20\u9012\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"err\">\u7701\u7565<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">test_field<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"no\">Rails<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">logger<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">info<\/span> <span class=\"n\">context<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:time<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"s2\">\"Hello <\/span><span class=\"si\">#{<\/span><span class=\"nb\">name<\/span><span class=\"si\">}<\/span><span class=\"s2\">!\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"err\">\u7701\u7565<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7GraphiQL\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u67e5\u770bRails\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Started<\/span> <span class=\"no\">POST<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"\/graphql\"<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">127.0<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.1<\/span> <span class=\"n\">at<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2018<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">09<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">16<\/span> <span class=\"mo\">00<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"mi\">13<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"mi\">18<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0900<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"no\">Processing<\/span> <span class=\"n\">by<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphqlController<\/span><span class=\"c1\">#execute as HTML<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"no\">Parameters<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"query\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"{<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\n<\/span><span class=\"s2\">  testField(name: <\/span><span class=\"se\">\\\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Ruby<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">)<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\n<\/span><span class=\"s2\">}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"variables\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span><span class=\"kp\">nil<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"graphql\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"query\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"{<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\n<\/span><span class=\"s2\">  testField(name: <\/span><span class=\"se\">\\\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Ruby<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">)<\/span><span class=\"se\">\\n<\/span><span class=\"s2\">}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"variables\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span><span class=\"kp\">nil<\/span><span class=\"p\">}}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"mi\">2018<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">09<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">16<\/span> <span class=\"mo\">00<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"mi\">13<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"mi\">18<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0900<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">#=&gt; context = { time: Time.now }\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"no\">Completed<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">200<\/span> <span class=\"no\">OK<\/span> <span class=\"k\">in<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">43<\/span><span class=\"n\">ms<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"no\">Views<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.7<\/span><span class=\"n\">ms<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ActiveRecord<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.0<\/span><span class=\"n\">ms<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6211\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684current_user\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8e\u6807\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u6807\u91cf\u662f\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u952e\u548c\u503c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>GraphQL\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b5\u79cd\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">StringIntBooleanIdFloatUTF-8\u306e\u30b7\u30fc\u30b1\u30f3\u30b9\u7b26\u53f7\u4ed8\u304d32\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u6574\u6570true or false\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5272\u308a\u632f\u3089\u308c\u305fID\u7b26\u53f7\u4ed8\u304d\u500d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5024<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8eNull\u7ea6\u675f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbe\u7f6enull\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 null \u6216 false\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/74-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-16 11.23.29.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4e5f\u8bbe\u5b9anull\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49\u9a8c\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ActiveRecord\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Query_type_w\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3afull_name\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5field\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230query_type\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># author.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Author<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ApplicationRecord<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">full_name<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">].<\/span><span class=\"nf\">compact<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">join<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\" \"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># author_type.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::AuthorType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"err\">\u7701\u7565<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:full_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2aquery_type.rb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u524d\u7f00\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u8981\u6c42\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08GraphQL\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># author_type.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::AuthorType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"err\">\u7701\u7565<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:full_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">full_name<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"n\">object<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">object<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">]).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">compact<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">join<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\" \"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/85-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-16 12.02.19.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49fieldType\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<br \/>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u60f3\u8981\u7684fieldType\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\u5728graphql\/types\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684query_type.rb\uff0c\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\u5b9a\u4e49\u83b7\u53d6field\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\u5728\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5404\u4e2aquery_type.rb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0field\u3002<\/ol>\n<h4>\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684fieldType\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&#8221;coordinates&#8221;\u7684FieldType\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u7eac\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Author<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ApplicationRecord<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">coordinates<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># \u7def\u5ea6\u3068\u7d4c\u5ea6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># \u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7def\u5ea6\u3067\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7d4c\u5ea6<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nb\">rand<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">90<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">rand<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">90<\/span><span class=\"p\">)]<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5728graphql\/types\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aquery_type.rb\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e1\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nb\">touch <\/span>app\/graphql\/types\/coordinates_type.rb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u6839\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0a\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># coordinates_type.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::CoordinatesType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:latitude<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Float<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:longitude<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Float<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">latitude<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">object<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">first<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">longitude<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">object<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">last<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684query_type.rb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># author_type.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::AuthorType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:coordinates<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">CoordinatesType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528QueryType\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># author.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Author<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ApplicationRecord<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">publication_years<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\"># \u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f\u5e74\u5ea6\u304c\u914d\u5217\u3067\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u6700\u592710\u500b\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"o\">..<\/span><span class=\"nb\">rand<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">)).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to_a<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">map<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1900<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">rand<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">100<\/span><span class=\"p\">)}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::AuthorType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:publication_years<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"no\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728query_type.rb\u7684\u6839\u7ea7\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49field\u548cArray\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:authors<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AuthorType<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">authors<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">all<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u8be2GraphiQL\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/107-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-16 14.21.00.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>\u7531\u4e8e\u53d8\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684CRUD\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<p>Mutation\u662f\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u66f4\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u53d8\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u5efa<\/h3>\n<p>Mutation\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5728types\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684mutation_type.rb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># app\/graphql\/types\/mutation_type.rb<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">module<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Types<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">MutationType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">AuthorType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"Create an author\"<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">create<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">first_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">last_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">yob: <\/span><span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">is_alive: <\/span><span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08field\uff09\u5e76\u5728\u5757\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code> <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">AuthorType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"Create an author\"<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7684ActiveRecord\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code> <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">create<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">first_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">last_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">yob: <\/span><span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">is_alive: <\/span><span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u5728&#8221;mutations&#8221;\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&#8221;mutation.rb&#8221;\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Mutations::CreateAuthor<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Schema<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Mutation<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">null<\/span> <span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">resolve<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">create<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">first_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">last_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">yob: <\/span><span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">is_alive: <\/span><span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728mutations\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2amutation.rb\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u8fdb\u884ccreate\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49resolve\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u9700\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u5411ActiveRecord\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">resolve<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">create<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">first_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">last_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">yob: <\/span><span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">is_alive: <\/span><span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728types\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u5728mutation_type.rb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684mutation\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">module<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Types<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">MutationType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AuthorType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">mutation: <\/span><span class=\"no\">Mutations<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">CreateAuthor<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u5173\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u53d8\u91cf(Query_Variable)\uff0c\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/h3>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/128-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-16 16.45.56.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528GraphiQL\u6267\u884cMutation\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528query_variable\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49field\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"n\">createAuthor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">){<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">createAuthor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">full_name<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728mutation\u540e\u9762\u5199\u4e0bMutation\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728field\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a$\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>\r\n<span class=\"err\">createAuthor($first_name:String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"err\">$last_name:String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"err\">$yob:Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"err\">$is_alive:Boolean)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5e26\u6709&#8221;$&#8221;\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9mutation\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"err\">createAuthor(first_name:$first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"err\">last_name:$last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"err\">yob:$yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"err\">is_alive:$is_alive)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u5728GraphiQL\u7684QUERY VARIABLES\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u6240\u9700\u7684\u503c\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"first_name\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"Yammy\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"last_name\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"Humberg\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"yob\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2019<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"is_alive\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>\r\n<span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"nl\">\"createAuthor\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"nl\">\"id\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"7\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"nl\">\"full_name\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"Yammy Humberg\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8eInputTypes<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884cCreate\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"n\">createAuthor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nb\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">){<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">createAuthor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">full_name<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408DRY\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u767b\u573a\u7684\u662fInputType\u3002<\/p>\n<p>InpuType \u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e8e GraphQL::Schema::InputObject\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::AuthorInputType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Schema<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">InputObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">graphql_name<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"AuthorInputType\"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">description<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"All the attributes for creating an author\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ID<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:first_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:last_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:yob<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Int<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:is_alive<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">camelize: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8eInputType\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">argumentrequiredgraphqql_namedescriptionInputType\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5f15\u6570\u5fc5\u9808\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304bInputType\u540dInputType\u306e\u8aac\u660e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528InputType\u5c06\u5728MutationType\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Create\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::MutationType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">AuthorType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"Create an author\"<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AuthorInputType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">create_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">create<\/span> <span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to_h<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4ea4\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728QUERY VARIABLES\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/151-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-17 12.49.15.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h4>\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>\r\n<span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"n\">createAuthor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$author<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"n\">AuthorInputType<\/span><span class=\"p\">!)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">createAuthor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$author<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">full_name<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u67e5\u8be2\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"nl\">\"author\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"first_name\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"Hina\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"last_name\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"Okamoto\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"yob\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1933<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"is_alive\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u53d8\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/h3>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/157-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-18 09.21.58.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\uff08InputType\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u5355\u72ec\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u65b0\uff08Update\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\uff08Mutation\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::MutationType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:update_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"Update an author\"<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AuthorInputType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">update_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">existing<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">where<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">id: <\/span><span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">]).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">first<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"c1\">#&amp;.\u3067nil\u4ee5\u5916\u306a\u3089\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306ehash\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">existing<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">update<\/span> <span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to_h<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06update_author\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b\u611f\u5230\u7591\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u7aef\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012ApplicationRecord\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56deupdate\u662ftrue\u8fd8\u662ffalse\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7531\u4e8e\u53d8\u5f02\u800c\u5220\u9664<\/h3>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"post-images\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.silicloud.com\/blog-img\/blog\/img\/657d81e6913a08637a6ae59e\/164-0.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2018-09-18 09.28.06.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u53ea\u9700\u4f20\u9012\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684ID\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528InputType\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">Types::MutationType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">BaseObject<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:delete_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">null: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">description: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"Delete an author\"<\/span><span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ID<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">required: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">delete_author<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"no\">Author<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">where<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">id: <\/span><span class=\"nb\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">destroy_all<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"kp\">true<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7destroy_all\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ActiveRecord\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684ID\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9996\u5148 \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8d76\u5e76\u968f\u65f6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - 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