{"id":47848,"date":"2023-02-22T02:05:08","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T08:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e3%80%90rust%e3%80%91%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%bagraphql-api%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%822-%e3%80%9c%e5%8d%95%e4%b8%80%e8%8a%82%e7%82%b9%e5%92%8c\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T15:42:44","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T07:42:44","slug":"%e3%80%90rust%e3%80%91%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%bagraphql-api%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%822-%e3%80%9c%e5%8d%95%e4%b8%80%e8%8a%82%e7%82%b9%e5%92%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e3%80%90rust%e3%80%91%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%bagraphql-api%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e3%80%822-%e3%80%9c%e5%8d%95%e4%b8%80%e8%8a%82%e7%82%b9%e5%92%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Rust\u3011\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u5efaGraphQL API\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002(2\/?) \u301c\u5355\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7bc7\u301c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n
\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7eed\u7bc7\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u8fc7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u770b\u524d\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/div>\n

\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f”\u521b\u5efaGraphQL API\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6545\u4e8b”\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\n\u4e0a\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0bRust\u7684GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73af\u5883<\/h1>\n
    \n
  • \n
      OS: Windows 10<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

        Rust: 1.60.0-nightly<\/ul>\n

        \u5907\u6218<\/h1>\n

        \u54b1\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b89\u88c5 Diesel CLI<\/h2>\n

        \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u5404\u4f4d\u81ea\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002
        \n\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684CLI\u5de5\u5177\u3002
        \n\u8bf7\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

        cargo<\/span> install<\/span> diesel_cli<\/span> --no-default-features<\/span> --features<\/span> postgres<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684ORM\u5de5\u5177diesel\u7684CLI\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u529f\u80fd(default-features)\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5MySQL\u548cSQLite\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6012\u6c14\u51b2\u51b2\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u53d4\u53d4\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73a9\u7b11\uff09\u8bad\u65a5\u3002\u542c\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e5f\u633a\u597d…(\u867d\u7136\u5931\u8d25n\u6b21)<\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u7279\u522b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b89\u88c5\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n
        \u8981\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002
        \n\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4fee\u6539.env\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
        LOCAL_HOST='localhost'\r\nLOCAL_PORT='8000'\r\n<\/span>+ DATABASE_URL='postgres:\/\/postgres:{your_password}@localhost\/rust_graphql'\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8bf7\u5c06{your_password}\u90e8\u5206\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
        diesel<\/span> setup<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u751f\u6210diesel.toml\u548cmigrations\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u7684 disel.toml \u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n
        # For documentation on how to configure this file,<\/span>\r\n# see diesel.rs\/guides\/configuring-diesel-cli<\/span>\r\n\r\n[print_schema]<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>file<\/span> =<\/span> \"src\/schema.rs\"<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>file<\/span> =<\/span> \"graphql\/src\/db\/schema.rs\"<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7diesel\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6765\u6539\u53d8schema.rs\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002
        \n\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5220\u9664\u7531diesel setup\u751f\u6210\u7684src\/schema.rs\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
        \n\u8bf7\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
        diesel<\/span> migration<\/span> generate<\/span> users<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684migrations\/{timestamp}_users\/up.sql\u548cdown.sql\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u8fc1\u79fb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
        -- Your SQL goes here<\/span>\r\ncreate<\/span> table<\/span> users<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    id<\/span> serial<\/span> not<\/span> null<\/span> primary<\/span> key<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    name<\/span> varchar<\/span>(<\/span>255<\/span>)<\/span> not<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    profile<\/span> text<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    created_at<\/span> timestamp<\/span> with<\/span> time<\/span> zone<\/span> not<\/span> null<\/span> default<\/span> current_timestamp<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    updated_at<\/span> timestamp<\/span> with<\/span> time<\/span> zone<\/span> not<\/span> null<\/span> default<\/span> current_timestamp<\/span>\r\n);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        -- This file should undo anything in `up.sql`<\/span>\r\ndrop<\/span> table<\/span> users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u9057\u5fd8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u53f7(\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u758f\u5ffd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u8d25)\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n
        diesel<\/span> migration<\/span> run<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679cgraphql\/src\/db\/schema.rs\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
        table!<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    users<\/span> (<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        id<\/span> -><\/span> Int4<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        name<\/span> -><\/span> Varchar<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        profile<\/span> -><\/span> Nullable<\/span><<\/span>Text<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        created_at<\/span> -><\/span> Timestamptz<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        updated_at<\/span> -><\/span> Timestamptz<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u73b0\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002
        \n\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
        rust_graphql\r\n|\r\n|  .env\r\n\u2502  .gitignore\r\n\u2502  Cargo.lock\r\n\u2502  Cargo.toml\r\n|  diesel.toml\r\n\u2502\r\n\u251c\u2500graphql\r\n\u2502  \u2502  .gitignore\r\n\u2502  \u2502  Cargo.toml\r\n\u2502  \u2502\r\n\u2502  \u251c\u2500src\r\n|  |  |  lib.rs\r\n|  |  \u251c\u2500db\r\n|  |  |  schema.rs\r\n|  |  |\r\n|  |  \u251c\u2500resolvers\r\n|  |  |  mod.rs\r\n|  |  |  root.rs\r\n|  |  |\r\n|  |  \u2514\u2500schemas\r\n|  |     mod.rs\r\n|  |     root.rs\r\n\u2502  \u2502\r\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500target\r\n\u2502\r\n\u251c\u2500migrations\r\n|  |  .gitkeep\r\n|  |\r\n|  \u251c\u250000000000000000_diesel_initial_setup\r\n|  |  down.sql\r\n|  |  up.sql\r\n|  |\r\n|  \u2514\u2500{timestamp}_users\r\n|     down.sql\r\n|     up.sql\r\n|\r\n\u251c\u2500src\r\n|  main.rs\r\n|\r\n\u2514\u2500target\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5b9e\u65bd<\/h1>\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u4e5f\u5728GitHub\u4e0a\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\u3002
        \n\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c06\u63d0\u4ea4\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
        \n\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5c06\u662f\u201c2.-\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7248\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
         <\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
        \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002
        \n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aUser\u7684GraphQL\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u8bf7\u521b\u5efaschemas\/user.rs\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06mod.rs\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> juniper<\/span>::<\/span>EmptySubscription<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> mod<\/span> root<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> root<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    Mutation<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    Query<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    Schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>pub<\/span> mod<\/span> user<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> fn<\/span> create_schema<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Schema<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ Schema\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u65b0\u898f\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570.<\/span>\r\n    Schema<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        Query<\/span> {},<\/span>\r\n        Mutation<\/span> {},<\/span>\r\n        EmptySubscription<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Context<\/span>><\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
        \n\u8bf7\u5728\u521a\u624d\u521b\u5efa\u7684user.rs\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> chrono<\/span>::<\/span>NaiveDateTime<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> juniper<\/span>::<\/span>GraphQLInputObject<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> created_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n#[derive(GraphQLInputObject)]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> NewUser<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n#[derive(GraphQLInputObject)]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> UpdateUser<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n
        \u7528\u6237\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u4e2aNaiveDateTime\uff0c\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002
        \n\u7136\u800c\uff0cJuniper\u652f\u6301NaiveDateTime\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u7f6e\u6807\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u6837\u8f7b\u677e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
        \n\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
        \n\u53e6\u5916\uff0cNewUser\u548cUpdateUser\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u50cfcreateUser\u6216updateUser\u8fd9\u6837\u7684mutation\u65f6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
        \n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668<\/h2>\n
        \u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u50cf\u4e0a\u6b21\u4e00\u6837\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u8bf7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 resolvers\/user.rs\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 mod.rs \u4fee\u6539\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
        mod<\/span> root<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>mod<\/span> user<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728user.rs\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u7528\u6237\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>schemas<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    root<\/span>::<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    user<\/span>::<\/span>User<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> chrono<\/span>::<\/span>NaiveDateTime<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> juniper<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    graphql_object<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    ID<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u578b\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u306f\u6728\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u8a00\u3046\u300c\u8449\u300d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5909\u306a\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u5165\u308c\u305a\u306b\u5927\u4f53\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3044\u3044.<\/span>\r\n#[graphql_object(context=Context)]<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> id<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> ID<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        ID<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>.id<\/span>.to_string<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    fn<\/span> name<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>.name<\/span>.clone<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    fn<\/span> profile<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>.profile<\/span>.clone<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ NaiveDateTime\u306f\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u578b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u8fd4\u308a\u5024\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304a\uff4b.<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> created_at<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>.created_at<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    fn<\/span> updated_at<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>.updated_at<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u672c\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528User\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> crate<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    schemas<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        root<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n            Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            Mutation<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            Query<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>        user<\/span>::<\/span>User<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> juniper<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    graphql_object<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u300cGraphQL\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u578b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n#[graphql_object(context=Context)]<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> Query<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u4eca\u56de\u306f\u5c0e\u5165\u7de8\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u3082\u7c21\u6613\u7684\u306a\u611f\u3058\u3067.<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>    fn<\/span> dummy_query<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>        String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>\"It is dummy query.\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> dummy_query<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        use<\/span> chrono<\/span>::<\/span>offset<\/span>::<\/span>Local<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        \/\/ \u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u306eUser\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            id<\/span>:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            name<\/span>:<\/span> \"yukarisan-lover\"<\/span>.to_string<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            profile<\/span>:<\/span> \"I love yukari-san forever...!\"<\/span>.to_string<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            created_at<\/span>:<\/span> Local<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span>.naive_local<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> Local<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span>.naive_local<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n#[graphql_object(context=Context)]<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> Mutation<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> dummy_mutation<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>\"It is dummy mutation.\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8f9b\u82e6\u4e86\uff01\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528User\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c “cargo run” \u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n
        query<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  dummyQuery<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    id<\/span>\r\n    name<\/span>\r\n    profile<\/span>\r\n    createdAt<\/span>\r\n    updatedAt<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6536\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u60a8\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
        {<\/span>\r\n  \"data\"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \"dummyQuery\"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n      \"id\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"0\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"name\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"yukarisan-lover\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"profile\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"I love yukari-san forever...!\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      \"createdAt\"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>timestamp<\/span>},<\/span>\r\n      \"updatedAt\"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>timestamp<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n
        \u7528\u6237.rs\u4e2d\u7684impl\u5757\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u5728self\u548c.clone()\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff08\u6709\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5c31\u662fUser\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5728struct User\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5efa\u7acbDB\u6c60<\/h2>\n
        \u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u64cd\u7eb5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e86\u3002
        \n\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u3002
        \n\u8bf7\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684graphql\/src\/db\/mod.rs\u548cgraphql\/src\/db\/users\/mod.rs\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06lib.rs\u4fee\u6539\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    Error<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    web<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        Data<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        Payload<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> juniper_actix<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    graphiql_handler<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    graphql_handler<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    playground_handler<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>#[macro_use]<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>extern<\/span> crate<\/span> diesel<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>pub<\/span> mod<\/span> db<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>pub<\/span> mod<\/span> resolvers<\/span>;<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> mod<\/span> schemas<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>schemas<\/span>::<\/span>root<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    Schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Actix Web\u304b\u3089GraphQL\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9.<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> graphql<\/span>(<\/span>req<\/span>:<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::<\/span>HttpRequest<\/span>,<\/span> payload<\/span>:<\/span> Payload<\/span>,<\/span> schema<\/span>:<\/span> Data<\/span><<\/span>Schema<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ token\u304c\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306b\u6dfb\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306fSome\u3092\u3001\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070None\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> token<\/span> =<\/span> req<\/span>\r\n        .headers<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        .get<\/span>(<\/span>\"token\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        .map<\/span>(|<\/span>t<\/span>|<\/span> t<\/span>.to_str<\/span>()<\/span>.unwrap<\/span>()<\/span>.to_string<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n\r\n    let<\/span> context<\/span> =<\/span> Context<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        token<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    };<\/span>\r\n\r\n    graphql_handler<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>schema<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>context<\/span>,<\/span> req<\/span>,<\/span> payload<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Actix Web\u304b\u3089GraphiQL\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9.<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> graphiql<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    graphiql_handler<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/graphql\"<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Actix Web\u304b\u3089GraphQL Playground\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9.<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> playground<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    playground_handler<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/graphql\"<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5728 mod.rs \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> anyhow<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    Result<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> diesel<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    PgConnection<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    r2d2<\/span>::<\/span>ConnectionManager<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> r2d2<\/span>::<\/span>Pool<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> std<\/span>::<\/span>env<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nmod<\/span> schema<\/span>;<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> mod<\/span> users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> type<\/span> PgPool<\/span> =<\/span> Pool<\/span><<\/span>ConnectionManager<\/span><<\/span>PgConnection<\/span>>><\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> fn<\/span> new_pool<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> database_url<\/span> =<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"DATABASE_URL\"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    let<\/span> manager<\/span> =<\/span> ConnectionManager<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>PgConnection<\/span>><\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>database_url<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n    Pool<\/span>::<\/span>builder<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        .max_size<\/span>(<\/span>15<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        .build<\/span>(<\/span>manager<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        .context<\/span>(<\/span>\"failed to build database pool.\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n
        \u91cd\u70b9\u662fPgPool\u5417\uff1fnew_pool()\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684URL\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aPgPool\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d(\u7c7b\u578b\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd)\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u684c\u5b50\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002<\/h2>\n
        \u5728\u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ausers\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002
        \n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u8be5users\u8868\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u8bf7\u5728graphql\/src\/db\/users\/repository.rs\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728mod.rs\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>db<\/span>::<\/span>schema<\/span>::<\/span>users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> chrono<\/span>::<\/span>NaiveDateTime<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nmod<\/span> repository<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Identifiable: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n\/\/ Queryable: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306b\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n\/\/ Clone: \u304a\u307e\u3051.<\/span>\r\n#[derive(Clone,<\/span> Identifiable,<\/span> Queryable)]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> created_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Insertable: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u884c\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n#[derive(Insertable)]<\/span>\r\n#[table_name<\/span> =<\/span> \"users\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> UserNewForm<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ AsChangeset: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u884c\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n#[derive(AsChangeset)]<\/span>\r\n#[table_name<\/span> =<\/span> \"users\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> UserUpdateForm<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
        \n\u8bf7\u5728\u5148\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684repository.rs\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n
        use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>db<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    PgPool<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    users<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        User<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        UserNewForm<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        UserUpdateForm<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    schema<\/span>::<\/span>users<\/span>::<\/span>dsl<\/span>::<\/span>*<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>Data<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> anyhow<\/span>::<\/span>Result<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> diesel<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    debug_query<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    dsl<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        delete<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        insert_into<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        update<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    pg<\/span>::<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    prelude<\/span>::<\/span>*<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> log<\/span>::<\/span>debug<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> Repository<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nimpl<\/span> Repository<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u5168\u3066\u306eUser\u3092\u914d\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> all<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>users<\/span>.load<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ primary key\u306e\u914d\u5217\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308bUser\u3092\u914d\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> any<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> keys<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>[<\/span>i32<\/span>])<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> query<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>.filter<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>.eq_any<\/span>(<\/span>keys<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n\r\n        let<\/span> sql<\/span> =<\/span> debug_query<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>query<\/span>)<\/span>.to_string<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        debug!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> sql<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>.get_results<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ key_id\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308bUser\u3092\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> find_by_id<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> key_id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> query<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>.find<\/span>(<\/span>key_id<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        let<\/span> sql<\/span> =<\/span> debug_query<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>query<\/span>)<\/span>.to_string<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        debug!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> sql<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>.get_result<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ key_name\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308bUser\u3092\u914d\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> find_by_name<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> key_name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> query<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>.filter<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>.eq<\/span>(<\/span>key_name<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n\r\n        let<\/span> sql<\/span> =<\/span> debug_query<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>query<\/span>)<\/span>.to_string<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        debug!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> sql<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>.get_results<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ new_form\u3092\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u884c\u3068\u3057\u3066DB\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u306eUser\u3092\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> insert<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> new_form<\/span>:<\/span> UserNewForm<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> query<\/span> =<\/span> insert_into<\/span>(<\/span>users<\/span>)<\/span>.values<\/span>(<\/span>new_form<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        let<\/span> sql<\/span> =<\/span> debug_query<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>query<\/span>)<\/span>.to_string<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        debug!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> sql<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>.get_result<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ key_id\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308bUser\u306e\u884c\u3092update_form\u3067\u66f4\u65b0\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u306eUser\u3092\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> update<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> key_id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> update_form<\/span>:<\/span> UserUpdateForm<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> query<\/span> =<\/span> update<\/span>(<\/span>users<\/span>.find<\/span>(<\/span>key_id<\/span>))<\/span>.set<\/span>(<\/span>update_form<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        let<\/span> sql<\/span> =<\/span> debug_query<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>query<\/span>)<\/span>.to_string<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        debug!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> sql<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>.get_result<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ id\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308bUser\u306e\u884c\u3092DB\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u306eUser\u3092\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> fn<\/span> delete<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> key_id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> connection<\/span> =<\/span> pool<\/span>.get<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        let<\/span> query<\/span> =<\/span> delete<\/span>(<\/span>users<\/span>.find<\/span>(<\/span>key_id<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n\r\n        let<\/span> sql<\/span> =<\/span> debug_query<\/span>::<\/span><<\/span>Pg<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>query<\/span>)<\/span>.to_string<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        debug!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> sql<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>.get_result<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n
        mod.rs\u4e2d\uff0c<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
            \u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
             <\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
                \u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165\u7684<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                 <\/p>\n
                  \u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684<\/ol>\n
                  \u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u8868\u683c\u90fd\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u5728repository.rs\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0SELECT\u3001INSERT\u3001UPDATE\u548cDELETE\uff0c\u5e76\u9002\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528WHERE\u548cIN\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u901a\u8fc7debug!()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c03\u8bd5\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u67e5\u770b\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf7\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5c06\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u540e\u9762\u7684N+1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6709\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668<\/h2>\n
                  \u7ec8\u4e8e\u5230\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528User\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e86\u3002
                  \n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                      getUser<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                       <\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                          listUser<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                           <\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                              createUser<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                               <\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                  updateUser<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                   <\/p>\n
                                    deleteUser<\/ul>\n
                                    \u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7a0d\u5fae\u505a\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u3002
                                    \n\u8bf7\u5c06schemas\/user.rs\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    + <\/span>use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>db<\/span>::<\/span>users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>use<\/span> chrono<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    offset<\/span>::<\/span>Local<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>};<\/span>\r\n<\/span>use<\/span> juniper<\/span>::<\/span>GraphQLInputObject<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> created_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>impl<\/span> From<\/span><<\/span>users<\/span>::<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> for<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> from<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>:<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            id<\/span>:<\/span> user<\/span>.id<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            name<\/span>:<\/span> user<\/span>.name<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            profile<\/span>:<\/span> user<\/span>.profile<\/span>.unwrap_or_else<\/span>(||<\/span> String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            created_at<\/span>:<\/span> user<\/span>.created_at<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> user<\/span>.updated_at<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n#[derive(GraphQLInputObject)]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> NewUser<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>impl<\/span> From<\/span><<\/span>NewUser<\/span>><\/span> for<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>UserNewForm<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> from<\/span>(<\/span>new_user<\/span>:<\/span> NewUser<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            name<\/span>:<\/span> new_user<\/span>.name<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            profile<\/span>:<\/span> new_user<\/span>.profile<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n#[derive(GraphQLInputObject)]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> UpdateUser<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>impl<\/span> From<\/span><<\/span>UpdateUser<\/span>><\/span> for<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>UserUpdateForm<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> from<\/span>(<\/span>update_user<\/span>:<\/span> UpdateUser<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            name<\/span>:<\/span> update_user<\/span>.name<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            profile<\/span>:<\/span> update_user<\/span>.profile<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> Local<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span>.naive_local<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7.into()\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86From Trait\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002\u8bf7\u4fee\u6539schemas\/root.rs\u3001lib.rs\u548cmain.rs\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    + <\/span>use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>db<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    PgPool<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>};<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>use<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>Data<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>use<\/span> juniper<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u4eca\u56de\u306fSubscription\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u306e\u578b\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b.<\/span>\r\n    EmptySubscription<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    RootNode<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u5f8c\u3005\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u304b\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u578b\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f.<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> type<\/span> Schema<\/span> =<\/span> RootNode<\/span><<\/span>'static<\/span>,<\/span> Query<\/span>,<\/span> Mutation<\/span>,<\/span> EmptySubscription<\/span><<\/span>Context<\/span>>><\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> Context<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u4eca\u56de\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3093\u306e\u62ec\u7d04\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3044token\uff86\uff77.<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> token<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    pub<\/span> pool<\/span>:<\/span> Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u300cGraphQL\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> juniper<\/span>::<\/span>Context<\/span> for<\/span> Context<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> Query<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> Mutation<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    use<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    Error<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    web<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        Data<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        Payload<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> juniper_actix<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    graphiql_handler<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    graphql_handler<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    playground_handler<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n#[macro_use]<\/span>\r\nextern<\/span> crate<\/span> diesel<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npub<\/span> mod<\/span> db<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>db<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    PgPool<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>};<\/span>\r\n<\/span>pub<\/span> mod<\/span> resolvers<\/span>;<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> mod<\/span> schemas<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>schemas<\/span>::<\/span>root<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    Schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Actix Web\u304b\u3089GraphQL\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9.<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> graphql<\/span>(<\/span>req<\/span>:<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::<\/span>HttpRequest<\/span>,<\/span> payload<\/span>:<\/span> Payload<\/span>,<\/span> schema<\/span>:<\/span> Data<\/span><<\/span>Schema<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>pub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> graphql<\/span>(<\/span>req<\/span>:<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::<\/span>HttpRequest<\/span>,<\/span> payload<\/span>:<\/span> Payload<\/span>,<\/span> schema<\/span>:<\/span> Data<\/span><<\/span>Schema<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span> pool<\/span>:<\/span> Data<\/span><<\/span>PgPool<\/span>><\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    \/\/ token\u304c\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306b\u6dfb\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306fSome\u3092\u3001\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070None\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> token<\/span> =<\/span> req<\/span>\r\n        .headers<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        .get<\/span>(<\/span>\"token\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        .map<\/span>(|<\/span>t<\/span>|<\/span> t<\/span>.to_str<\/span>()<\/span>.unwrap<\/span>()<\/span>.to_string<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n\r\n    let<\/span> context<\/span> =<\/span> Context<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        token<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>        pool<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    };<\/span>\r\n\r\n    graphql_handler<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>schema<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>context<\/span>,<\/span> req<\/span>,<\/span> payload<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Actix Web\u304b\u3089GraphiQL\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9.<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> graphiql<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    graphiql_handler<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/graphql\"<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Actix Web\u304b\u3089GraphQL Playground\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9.<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> async<\/span> fn<\/span> playground<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    playground_handler<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/graphql\"<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    use<\/span> actix_cors<\/span>::<\/span>Cors<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> actix_web<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    App<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    http<\/span>::<\/span>header<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    HttpServer<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    middleware<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        Compress<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        Logger<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    web<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        self<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        Data<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> anyhow<\/span>::<\/span>Result<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> dotenv<\/span>::<\/span>dotenv<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> graphql<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    db<\/span>::<\/span>new_pool<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    graphiql<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    graphql<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    playground<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    schemas<\/span>::<\/span>create_schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> std<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n    env<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    sync<\/span>::<\/span>Arc<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u4eca\u56de\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u306bActix Web\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u975e\u540c\u671f\u30e9\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306factix-rt\u3092\u63a1\u7528.<\/span>\r\n#[actix_rt::main]<\/span>\r\nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>()<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ .env\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f.<\/span>\r\n    dotenv<\/span>()<\/span>.ok<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ debug\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n    env<\/span>::<\/span>set_var<\/span>(<\/span>\"RUST_LOG\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"debug\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    env_logger<\/span>::<\/span>init<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Schema\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u30bb\u30fc\u30d5\u306a\u578b\u3067\u30db\u30e9\u30f3\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>create_schema<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ PgPool\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u30bb\u30fc\u30d5\u306a\u578b\u3067\u30db\u30e9\u30f3\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    let<\/span> pool<\/span> =<\/span> Arc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>new_pool<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8272\u3093\u306a\u8a2d\u5b9a.<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> mut<\/span> server<\/span> =<\/span> HttpServer<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>move<\/span> ||<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        App<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n            \/\/ Schema\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092Actix Web\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n            .app_data<\/span>(<\/span>Data<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>schema<\/span>.clone<\/span>()))<\/span>\r\n            \/\/ PgPool\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092Actix Web\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>            .app_data<\/span>(<\/span>Data<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>pool<\/span>.clone<\/span>()))<\/span>\r\n<\/span>            .wrap<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n                Cors<\/span>::<\/span>default<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n                    .allow_any_origin<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n                    .allowed_methods<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>\"GET\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"POST\"<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n                    .allowed_headers<\/span>(<\/span>vec!<\/span>[<\/span>header<\/span>::<\/span>AUTHORIZATION<\/span>,<\/span> header<\/span>::<\/span>ACCEPT<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n                    .allowed_header<\/span>(<\/span>header<\/span>::<\/span>CONTENT_TYPE<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n                    .supports_credentials<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n                    .max_age<\/span>(<\/span>3600<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n            )<\/span>\r\n            .wrap<\/span>(<\/span>Compress<\/span>::<\/span>default<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n            .wrap<\/span>(<\/span>Logger<\/span>::<\/span>default<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n            \/\/ \/graphql\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306bgraphql()\u3092\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n            .service<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n                web<\/span>::<\/span>resource<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/graphql\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n                    .route<\/span>(<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>get<\/span>()<\/span>.to<\/span>(<\/span>graphql<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n                    .route<\/span>(<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>post<\/span>()<\/span>.to<\/span>(<\/span>graphql<\/span>)),<\/span>\r\n            )<\/span>\r\n            \/\/ \/graphiql\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306bgraphiql()\u3092\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n            .service<\/span>(<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>resource<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/graphiql\"<\/span>)<\/span>.route<\/span>(<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>get<\/span>()<\/span>.to<\/span>(<\/span>graphiql<\/span>)))<\/span>\r\n            \/\/ \/playground\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306bplayground()\u3092\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n            .service<\/span>(<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>resource<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/playground\"<\/span>)<\/span>.route<\/span>(<\/span>web<\/span>::<\/span>get<\/span>()<\/span>.to<\/span>(<\/span>playground<\/span>)))<\/span>\r\n    });<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Heroku\u3068\u304b\u306b\u30c7\u30d7\u30ed\u30a4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3001HOST\u3084PORT\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> host<\/span> =<\/span> match<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"HOST\"<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>ok<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> ok<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        Err<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"LOCAL_HOST\"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    };<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> port<\/span> =<\/span> match<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"PORT\"<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>ok<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> ok<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        Err<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"LOCAL_PORT\"<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    };<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> address<\/span> =<\/span> format!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{}:{}\"<\/span>,<\/span> host<\/span>,<\/span> port<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    server<\/span> =<\/span> server<\/span>.bind<\/span>(<\/span>address<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    server<\/span>.run<\/span>()<\/span>.await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    Ok<\/span>(())<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceContext\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u6211\u4f1a\u5728users\/mod.rs\u4e2d\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5e94\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    use<\/span> crate<\/span>::<\/span>db<\/span>::<\/span>schema<\/span>::<\/span>users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> chrono<\/span>::<\/span>NaiveDateTime<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nmod<\/span> repository<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>pub<\/span> use<\/span> repository<\/span>::<\/span>Repository<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n\/\/ Identifiable: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n\/\/ Queryable: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306b\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n\/\/ Clone: \u304a\u307e\u3051.<\/span>\r\n#[derive(Clone,<\/span> Identifiable,<\/span> Queryable)]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> created_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Insertable: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u884c\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n#[derive(Insertable)]<\/span>\r\n#[table_name<\/span> =<\/span> \"users\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> UserNewForm<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ AsChangeset: \u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u304cDB\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u884c\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059.<\/span>\r\n#[derive(AsChangeset)]<\/span>\r\n#[table_name<\/span> =<\/span> \"users\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\npub<\/span> struct<\/span> UserUpdateForm<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> profile<\/span>:<\/span> Option<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    pub<\/span> updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> NaiveDateTime<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u8f9b\u82e6\u4e86\u3002
                                    \n\u4e00\u5207\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002
                                    \n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728resolvers\/root.rs\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    use<\/span> crate<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    db<\/span>::<\/span>users<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    schemas<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n        root<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n            Context<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            Mutation<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            Query<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>        user<\/span>::<\/span>User<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        user<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            User<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            NewUser<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            UpdateUser<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        },<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> juniper<\/span>::{<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    FieldResult<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>    graphql_object<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u300cGraphQL\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u578b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n#[graphql_object(context=Context)]<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> Query<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>    \/\/ \u4eca\u56de\u306f\u5c0e\u5165\u7de8\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u3082\u7c21\u6613\u7684\u306a\u611f\u3058\u3067.<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>    fn<\/span> dummy_query<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>        use<\/span> chrono<\/span>::<\/span>offset<\/span>::<\/span>Local<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>        \/\/ \u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u306eUser\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u8fd4\u3059.<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>        User<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>            id<\/span>:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>            name<\/span>:<\/span> \"yukarisan-lover\"<\/span>.to_string<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>            profile<\/span>:<\/span> \"I love yukari-san forever...!\"<\/span>.to_string<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>            created_at<\/span>:<\/span> Local<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span>.naive_local<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>            updated_at<\/span>:<\/span> Local<\/span>::<\/span>now<\/span>()<\/span>.naive_local<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>        }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> get_user<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> FieldResult<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> user<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>Repository<\/span>::<\/span>find_by_id<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>context<\/span>.pool<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    #[graphql(<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>         arguments(<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>             start(default<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>             range(default<\/span> =<\/span> 50<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>         )<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>     )]<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    async<\/span> fn<\/span> list_user<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span> start<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> range<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> FieldResult<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        \/\/ as\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u578b\u5909\u63db\u3092\u884c\u3046.<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> start<\/span>:<\/span> usize<\/span> =<\/span> start<\/span>.try_into<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> range<\/span>:<\/span> usize<\/span> =<\/span> range<\/span>.try_into<\/span>()<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> end<\/span> =<\/span> start<\/span> +<\/span> range<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> users<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>Repository<\/span>::<\/span>find_by_name<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>context<\/span>.pool<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        \/\/ \u5f15\u6570\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u30d9\u30af\u30bf\u3092\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30b9\u3059\u308b.<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> users<\/span> =<\/span> match<\/span> users<\/span>.len<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            n<\/span> if<\/span> n<\/span> ><\/span> end<\/span> =><\/span> users<\/span>[<\/span>start<\/span>..<\/span>end<\/span>]<\/span>.to_vec<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            n<\/span> if<\/span> n<\/span> ><\/span> start<\/span> =><\/span> users<\/span>[<\/span>start<\/span>..<\/span>]<\/span>.to_vec<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>            _<\/span> =><\/span> Vec<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        };<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>users<\/span>.into_iter<\/span>()<\/span>.map<\/span>(|<\/span>u<\/span>|<\/span> u<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>.collect<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n#[graphql_object(context=Context)]<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> Mutation<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>    fn<\/span> dummy_mutation<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> String<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>        String<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>\"It is dummy mutation.\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> create_user<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> new_user<\/span>:<\/span> NewUser<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> FieldResult<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> user<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>Repository<\/span>::<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>context<\/span>.pool<\/span>,<\/span> new_user<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> update_user<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> update_user<\/span>:<\/span> UpdateUser<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> FieldResult<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> user<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>Repository<\/span>::<\/span>update<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>context<\/span>.pool<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>,<\/span> update_user<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>    fn<\/span> delete_user<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> FieldResult<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        let<\/span> user<\/span> =<\/span> users<\/span>::<\/span>Repository<\/span>::<\/span>delete<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>context<\/span>.pool<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>)<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>        Ok<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>.into<\/span>())<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>    }<\/span>\r\n<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u606d\u559c\uff01\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0getUser\u3001listUser\u3001createUser\u3001updateUser\u548cdeleteUser\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\uff01\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4cargo run\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728graphiql\u6216playground\u4e0a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d1\u9001\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
                                     <\/p>\n
                                    \u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n
                                    \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                    #[graphql(<\/span>\r\n    arguments(<\/span>\r\n        start(default<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n        range(default<\/span> =<\/span> 50<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n)]<\/span>\r\nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> list_user<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>Context<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span> start<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> range<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> FieldResult<\/span><<\/span>Vec<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\/\/ --snip--<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aGraphQL\u624b\u7eed\u5f0f\u5b8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4e0eGraphQL\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u3002
                                    \n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9start\u548crange\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3002
                                    \n\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u6682\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\uff01<\/h1>\n
                                    \u8f9b\u82e6\u4e86\uff01\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u60a8\u8bfb\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff01\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u6b63\u786e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u81f4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e861\/2\u62161\/3\u5de6\u53f3\u3002
                                    \n\u8fd8\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u548cN+1\u95ee\u9898\u3002
                                    \n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u5927\u6982\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u3002
                                    \n\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u652f\u6301\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    rust_graphql\r\n|\r\n|  .env\r\n\u2502  .gitignore\r\n\u2502  Cargo.lock\r\n\u2502  Cargo.toml\r\n|  diesel.toml\r\n\u2502\r\n\u251c\u2500graphql\r\n\u2502  \u2502  .gitignore\r\n\u2502  \u2502  Cargo.toml\r\n\u2502  \u2502\r\n\u2502  \u251c\u2500src\r\n|  |  |  lib.rs\r\n|  |  |\r\n|  |  \u251c\u2500db\r\n|  |  |  |  mod.rs\r\n|  |  |  |  schema.rs\r\n|  |  |  |\r\n|  |  |  \u2514\u2500users\r\n|  |  |     mod.rs\r\n|  |  |     repository.rs\r\n|  |  |\r\n|  |  \u251c\u2500resolvers\r\n|  |  |  mod.rs\r\n|  |  |  root.rs\r\n|  |  |  user.rs\r\n|  |  |\r\n|  |  \u2514\u2500schemas\r\n|  |     mod.rs\r\n|  |     root.rs\r\n|  |     user.rs\r\n\u2502  \u2502\r\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500target\r\n\u2502\r\n\u251c\u2500migrations\r\n|  |  .gitkeep\r\n|  |\r\n|  \u251c\u250000000000000000_diesel_initial_setup\r\n|  |  down.sql\r\n|  |  up.sql\r\n|  |\r\n|  \u2514\u2500{timestamp}_users\r\n|     down.sql\r\n|     up.sql\r\n|\r\n\u251c\u2500src\r\n|  main.rs\r\n|\r\n\u2514\u2500target\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u6700\u540e<\/h1>\n
                                    \u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aUser\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
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                                    \u518d\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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