{"id":47815,"date":"2022-11-09T16:24:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T21:26:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql-%e5%8f%8d%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f-%e5%ad%ab%e6%86%82%e6%82%a9\/"},"modified":"2024-04-28T23:51:45","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T15:51:45","slug":"graphql-%e5%8f%8d%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f-%e5%ad%ab%e6%86%82%e6%82%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql-%e5%8f%8d%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f-%e5%ad%ab%e6%86%82%e6%82%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL \u53cd\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f – \u5b6b\u6182\u60a9 –"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f GraphQL Advent Calendar 2020\u7684\u7b2c7\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
\n\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u7531 @indigolain \u5199\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684GraphQL\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

\u9451\u65bc\u592a\u904e\u95dc\u5fc3\u5b6b\u5b50\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528Loader\u5e76\u4ee5\u5ba3\u544a\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5beb\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ee5Ruby\uff08graphql-ruby\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u6cd5\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u5eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6<\/h2>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u63a8\u6587\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u8d5e\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

Tweet 1- \u7528\u6237\u70b9\u8d5e<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5c55\u793a\u63a8\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a8\u6587\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u70b9\u8d5e\u3002<\/p>\n

type<\/span> Query<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  timelineTweets<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>TimelineTweet<\/span>!]!<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\ntype<\/span> TimelineTweet<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  id<\/span>:<\/span> ID<\/span>!<\/span>\r\n  liked<\/span>:<\/span> Boolean<\/span>!<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 REST API \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 JOIN \u6765\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u719f\u6089Ruby\uff08ActiveRecord\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5199\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684SQL\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> TimelineTweet<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :id<\/span>,<\/span> ID<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>false<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :liked<\/span>,<\/span> Boolean<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>false<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> liked<\/span>\r\n    # sqlite \u3060\u3068 bool \u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u5909\u63db<\/span>\r\n    object<\/span>.<\/span>liked<\/span> ==<\/span> 1<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> QueryType<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :timeline_tweets<\/span>,<\/span> '[TimelineTweet]'<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>true<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> timeline_tweets<\/span>\r\n    # SELECT tweets.*, (likes.id IS NOT NULL) AS liked FROM \"tweets\" LEFT OUTER JOIN \"likes\" ON \"likes\".\"tweet_id\" = \"tweets\".\"id\" WHERE (\"likes\".\"user_id\" = ? OR \"likes\".\"user_id\" IS NULL)  [[\"user_id\", 1]]<\/span>\r\n    Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>left_outer_joins<\/span>(<\/span>:likes<\/span>).<\/span>select<\/span>(<\/span>\"tweets.*, (likes.id IS NOT NULL) AS liked\"<\/span>).<\/span>merge<\/span>(<\/span>Like<\/span>.<\/span>where<\/span>(<\/span>user_id: <\/span>[<\/span>nil<\/span>,<\/span> context<\/span>[<\/span>:current_user<\/span>].<\/span>id<\/span>]))<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Schema<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>\r\n  query<\/span> QueryType<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6839\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c”liked”\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728graphql-ruby\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”lookahead”\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981”liked”\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> QueryType<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :timeline_tweets<\/span>,<\/span> '[TimelineTweet]'<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>true<\/span>,<\/span> extras: <\/span>[<\/span>:lookahead<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> timeline_tweets<\/span>(<\/span>lookahead<\/span>:)<\/span>\r\n    # SELECT tweets.*, (likes.id IS NOT NULL) AS liked FROM \"tweets\" LEFT OUTER JOIN \"likes\" ON \"likes\".\"tweet_id\" = \"tweets\".\"id\" WHERE (\"likes\".\"user_id\" = ? OR \"likes\".\"user_id\" IS NULL)  [[\"user_id\", 1]]<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> lookahead<\/span>.<\/span>selects?<\/span>(<\/span>:liked<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>left_outer_joins<\/span>(<\/span>:likes<\/span>).<\/span>select<\/span>(<\/span>\"tweets.*, (likes.id IS NOT NULL) AS liked\"<\/span>).<\/span>merge<\/span>(<\/span>Like<\/span>.<\/span>where<\/span>(<\/span>user_id: <\/span>[<\/span>nil<\/span>,<\/span> context<\/span>[<\/span>:current_user<\/span>].<\/span>id<\/span>]))<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span>\r\n      Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>\r\n    end<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7167\u987e\u5b50\u5b59\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u5316\u4e30\u5bcc\u5e76\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u5730\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684 REST API\uff0c\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5934\u75bc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u5176\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aloader\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528graphql-batch\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u641c\u7d22\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982loader\/data loader\/batch loader\u7b49\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> LikesLoader<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Batch<\/span>::<\/span>Loader<\/span>\r\n  def<\/span> initialize<\/span>(<\/span>user_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    @user_id<\/span> =<\/span> user_id<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> perform<\/span>(<\/span>tweet_ids<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    Like<\/span>.<\/span>where<\/span>(<\/span>tweet_id: <\/span>tweet_ids<\/span>,<\/span> user_id: <\/span>@user_id<\/span>).<\/span>each<\/span> {<\/span>|<\/span>l<\/span>|<\/span> fulfill<\/span>(<\/span>l<\/span>.<\/span>tweet_id<\/span>,<\/span> true<\/span>)<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n    tweet_ids<\/span>.<\/span>each<\/span> {<\/span>|<\/span>id<\/span>|<\/span> fulfill<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> false<\/span>)<\/span> unless<\/span> fulfilled?<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> TimelineTweet<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :id<\/span>,<\/span> ID<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>false<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :liked<\/span>,<\/span> Boolean<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>false<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> liked<\/span>\r\n    LikesLoader<\/span>.<\/span>for<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>[<\/span>:current_user<\/span>].<\/span>id<\/span>).<\/span>load<\/span>(<\/span>object<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5206\u652f\u5c06\u4ecetimeline_tweets\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> QueryType<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :timeline_tweets<\/span>,<\/span> '[TimelineTweet]'<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>true<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> timeline_tweets<\/span>\r\n    Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679cGraphQL\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7167\u987e\u4e86\u5b59\u5b50\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7236\u7ea7\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7167\u987e\u5b59\u7ea7\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7ebf\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u65ad\u8a00\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u7167\u987e\u5b59\u7ea7\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4Tweet.all\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86TimelineTweet\u7684id\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u7956\u7236\u6182\u9b31\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u300cJOIN \u67e5\u8a62\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6574\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u952e\u5165 $ ruby foo.rb\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
require<\/span> 'bundler\/inline'<\/span>\r\n\r\ngemfile<\/span> do<\/span>\r\n  source<\/span> 'https:\/\/rubygems.org'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  gem<\/span> 'graphql'<\/span>\r\n  gem<\/span> 'activerecord'<\/span>,<\/span> require: <\/span>'active_record'<\/span>\r\n  gem<\/span> 'sqlite3'<\/span>\r\n  gem<\/span> 'graphql-batch'<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nrequire<\/span> 'logger'<\/span>\r\n\r\nActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>Base<\/span>.<\/span>establish_connection<\/span>(<\/span>adapter: <\/span>'sqlite3'<\/span>,<\/span> database: <\/span>':memory:'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>Base<\/span>.<\/span>logger<\/span> =<\/span> Logger<\/span>.<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>STDOUT<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>.<\/span>define<\/span> do<\/span>\r\n  create_table<\/span> :tweets<\/span>,<\/span> force: <\/span>true<\/span> do<\/span> |<\/span>t<\/span>|<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  create_table<\/span> :likes<\/span>,<\/span> force: <\/span>true<\/span> do<\/span> |<\/span>t<\/span>|<\/span>\r\n    t<\/span>.<\/span>references<\/span> :tweet<\/span>\r\n    t<\/span>.<\/span>references<\/span> :user<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  create_table<\/span> :users<\/span>,<\/span> force: <\/span>true<\/span> do<\/span> |<\/span>t<\/span>|<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Tweet<\/span> <<\/span> ActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>Base<\/span>\r\n  has_many<\/span> :likes<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Like<\/span> <<\/span> ActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>Base<\/span>\r\n  belongs_to<\/span> :tweet<\/span>\r\n  belongs_to<\/span> :user<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> User<\/span> <<\/span> ActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>Base<\/span>\r\n  has_many<\/span> :likes<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nuser<\/span> =<\/span> User<\/span>.<\/span>create!<\/span>\r\ntweet_1<\/span> =<\/span> Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>create!<\/span>\r\ntweet_2<\/span> =<\/span> Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>create!<\/span>\r\ntweet_3<\/span> =<\/span> Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>create!<\/span>\r\nLike<\/span>.<\/span>create!<\/span>(<\/span>user: <\/span>user<\/span>,<\/span> tweet: <\/span>tweet_1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nLike<\/span>.<\/span>create!<\/span>(<\/span>user: <\/span>user<\/span>,<\/span> tweet: <\/span>tweet_3<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> LikedLoader<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Batch<\/span>::<\/span>Loader<\/span>\r\n  def<\/span> initialize<\/span>(<\/span>user_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    @user_id<\/span> =<\/span> user_id<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> perform<\/span>(<\/span>tweet_ids<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    Like<\/span>.<\/span>where<\/span>(<\/span>tweet_id: <\/span>tweet_ids<\/span>,<\/span> user_id: <\/span>@user_id<\/span>).<\/span>each<\/span> {<\/span>|<\/span>l<\/span>|<\/span> fulfill<\/span>(<\/span>l<\/span>.<\/span>tweet_id<\/span>,<\/span> true<\/span>)<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n    tweet_ids<\/span>.<\/span>each<\/span> {<\/span>|<\/span>id<\/span>|<\/span> fulfill<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> false<\/span>)<\/span> unless<\/span> fulfilled?<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> TimelineTweet<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :id<\/span>,<\/span> ID<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>false<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :liked<\/span>,<\/span> Boolean<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>false<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> liked<\/span>\r\n    LikedLoader<\/span>.<\/span>for<\/span>(<\/span>context<\/span>[<\/span>:current_user<\/span>].<\/span>id<\/span>).<\/span>load<\/span>(<\/span>object<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> QueryType<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>::<\/span>Object<\/span>\r\n  field<\/span> :timeline_tweets<\/span>,<\/span> '[TimelineTweet]'<\/span>,<\/span> null: <\/span>true<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> timeline_tweets<\/span>\r\n    Tweet<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Schema<\/span> <<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Schema<\/span>\r\n  query<\/span> QueryType<\/span>\r\n  use<\/span> GraphQL<\/span>::<\/span>Batch<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n\r\nresult<\/span> =<\/span> Schema<\/span>.<\/span>execute<\/span>(<\/span><<~<\/span>GQL<\/span>,<\/span> context: <\/span>{<\/span>current_user: <\/span>user<\/span>})<\/span>\r\n  query {\r\n    timelineTweets {\r\n      id\r\n      liked\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n<\/span>GQL<\/span>\r\n\r\npp<\/span> result<\/span>.<\/span>as_json<\/span>\r\n# {\"data\"=><\/span>\r\n#   {\"timelineTweets\"=><\/span>\r\n#     [{\"id\"=>\"1\", \"liked\"=>true},<\/span>\r\n#      {\"id\"=>\"2\", \"liked\"=>false},<\/span>\r\n#      {\"id\"=>\"3\", \"liked\"=>true}]}}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f GraphQL Advent Calendar 2020\u7684\u7b2c7\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u7531 @ind […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nGraphQL \u53cd\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f - \u5b6b\u6182\u60a9 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql-\u53cd\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f-\u5b6b\u6182\u60a9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GraphQL \u53cd\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f - 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