{"id":47574,"date":"2023-01-25T08:18:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T08:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T11:24:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T03:24:09","slug":"graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53ea\u5199\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<br \/>\n(\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6dfb\u52a0)<br \/>\n(\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8349\u7a3f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u52a8\u529b)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h1>\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u9605\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1aGraphQL \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h1>\n<p>GraphQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8eAPI\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6587\u672c\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u6309\u7167GraphQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u5199\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4<\/h1>\n<p>GraphQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u9886\u57df<\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  hero {\r\n    name\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684JSON\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9GraphQL\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\uff08\u5373\u53ef\u7acb\u5373\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u5355\u4e00\u7684String\u3001int\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7Object\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  hero {\r\n    name\r\n    # Queries can have comments!\r\n    friends {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"friends\": [\r\n        { \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Han Solo\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Leia Organa\" }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c&#8221;friends&#8221; \u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e89\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684Field\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0Arguments\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  human(id: \"1000\") {\r\n    name\r\n    height\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"human\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\",\r\n      \"height\": 1.72\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u89c1\u7684API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0cREST\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7URL\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b49\u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  human(id: \"1000\") {\r\n    name\r\n    height(unit: cm)\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"human\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\",\r\n      \"height\": 172\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u3002(\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f)<\/p>\n<h2>\u522b\u540d<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f15\u7528hero\uff08episode\uff1aEMPIRE\uff09\u548chero\uff08episode\uff1aJEDI\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u7684hero\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  empireHero: hero(episode: EMPIRE) {\r\n    name\r\n  }\r\n  jediHero: hero(episode: JEDI) {\r\n    name\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"empireHero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\"\r\n    },\r\n    \"jediHero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7247\u6bb5<\/h2>\n<p>\u91cd\u590d\u58f0\u660e\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5197\u4f59\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u6b21\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  leftComparison: hero(episode: EMPIRE) {\r\n    name\r\n    appearsIn\r\n    friends {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  rightComparison: hero(episode: JEDI) {\r\n    name\r\n    appearsIn\r\n    friends {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u58f0\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  leftComparison: hero(episode: EMPIRE) {\r\n    ...comparisonFields\r\n  }\r\n  rightComparison: hero(episode: JEDI) {\r\n    ...comparisonFields\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\nfragment comparisonFields on Character {\r\n  name\r\n  appearsIn\r\n  friends {\r\n    name\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"leftComparison\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\",\r\n      \"appearsIn\": [ \"NEWHOPE\", \"EMPIRE\", \"JEDI\" ],\r\n      \"friends\": [\r\n        { \"name\": \"Han Solo\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Leia Organa\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"C-3PO\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"R2-D2\" }\r\n      ]\r\n    },\r\n    \"rightComparison\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"appearsIn\": [ \"NEWHOPE\", \"EMPIRE\", \"JEDI\" ],\r\n      \"friends\": [\r\n        { \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Han Solo\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Leia Organa\" }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u6613\u7528\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aGraphQL\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u50cf$\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u90a3\u6837\u58f0\u660e\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff09<br \/>\n\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u6837\u4e66\u5199\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff09<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query HeroNameAndFriends($episode: Episode) {\r\n  hero(episode: $episode) {\r\n    name\r\n    friends {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u503c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf\u5b57\u5178\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3aJson\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"episode\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"friends\": [\r\n        { \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Han Solo\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Leia Organa\" }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf(Json)\u5373\u53ef\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5173\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<p>\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5($episode: Episode)\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\uff0c$\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c$episode\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\u9879\u3002<br \/>\n\u8981\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u9700\u9879\uff0c\u8bf7\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a($episode: Episode!)\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u540e\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u58f0\u660e\uff1a ($episode: Episode = JEDI)\u3002<br \/>\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Json\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Json\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u64cd\u4f5c\u540d\u79f0<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u4e86query HeroNameAndFriends { &#8230; }\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5199\u6210{ &#8230; }\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bc6\u522b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6307\u793a<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query Hero($episode: Episode, $withAppearsIn: Boolean!, $withFriends: Boolean!) {\r\n  hero(episode: $episode) {\r\n    name\r\n    appearsIn @skip(if: $withAppearsIn)\r\n    friends @include(if: $withFriends) {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"episode\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"JEDI\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"withAppearsIn\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"withFriends\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"friends\": [\r\n        { \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Han Solo\" },\r\n        { \"name\": \"Leia Organa\" }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa$with&#8212;-\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662ftrue\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a@include\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662ffalse\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a@skip\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7a81\u53d8<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u867d\u7136GraphQL\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u91cd\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u8f91\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728REST\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528GET\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728REST\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528POST\u3001PUT\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528mutations\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>mutation CreateReviewForEpisode($ep: Episode!, $review: ReviewInput!) {\r\n  createReview(episode: $ep, review: $review) {\r\n    stars\r\n    commentary\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"ep\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"JEDI\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"review\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"nl\">\"stars\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"nl\">\"commentary\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"This is a great movie!\"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"createReview\": {\r\n      \"stars\": 5,\r\n      \"commentary\": \"This is a great movie!\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5f53\u60a8\u6ce8\u610f\u5230createReview\u51fd\u6570\u7684review\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u503c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08schema\uff09\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\uff08type\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u5148\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5185\u8054\u7247\u6bb5<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002(\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b)<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query HeroForEpisode($ep: Episode!) {\r\n  hero(episode: $ep) {\r\n    name\r\n    ... on Droid {\r\n      primaryFunction\r\n    }\r\n    ... on Human {\r\n      height\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"ep\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"primaryFunction\": \"Astromech\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7684Droid or Human\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3aCharacter\uff09\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7279\u6b8a\u9886\u57df<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06__typename\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  search(text: \"an\") {\r\n    __typename\r\n    ... on Human {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n    ... on Droid {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n    ... on Starship {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"search\": [\r\n      {\r\n        \"__typename\": \"Human\",\r\n        \"name\": \"Han Solo\"\r\n      },\r\n      {\r\n        \"__typename\": \"Human\",\r\n        \"name\": \"Leia Organa\"\r\n      },\r\n      {\r\n        \"__typename\": \"Starship\",\r\n        \"name\": \"TIE Advanced x1\"\r\n      }\r\n    ]\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u81ea\u7701\u4e4b\u5904\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7279\u6b8a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u7c7b\u578b<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bed\u8a00\uff0cGraphQL\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h2>\n<p>GraphQL\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<br \/>\n\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>type Character {\r\n  name: String!\r\n  appearsIn: [Episode]!\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Character\u306fGraphQL\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u578b\u3067\u3059. \u8907\u6570\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3059. GraphQL\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3053\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u578b\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n<p>name\u3068appearsIn\u306fCharacter\u578b\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3067\u3059. \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306fQuery\u304b\u3089\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n<p>String\u306f\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u578b\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059. \u8a73\u3057\u304f\u306f\u3042\u3068\u3067.<\/p>\n<p>String!\u306f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u304cnull\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3059. \u3064\u307e\u308a, \u3053\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5e38\u306b\u5024\u304c\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n<p>[Episode!]\u306fEpisode\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u914d\u5217\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059.\u307e\u305fnull\u3067\u7121\u3044\u306e\u3067, \u5e38\u306b\u914d\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059.(\u914d\u5217\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u304c0\u3092\u542b\u3080)<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e89\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>type Starship {\r\n  id: ID!\r\n  name: String!\r\n  length(unit: LengthUnit = METER): Float\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3alength\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3aMETER\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53d8\u5f02\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>schema {\r\n  query: Query\r\n  mutation: Mutation\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u53d8\u66f4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query {\r\n  hero {\r\n    name\r\n  }\r\n  droid(id: \"2000\") {\r\n    name\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\"\r\n    },\r\n    \"droid\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"C-3PO\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684Query\u7c7b\u578b\uff1ahero\u548cdroid\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>type Query {\r\n  hero(episode: Episode): Character\r\n  droid(id: ID!): Droid\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728Mutations\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aMutation\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002GraphQL\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ec4\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u578b\u540d\u5185\u5bb9Int\u7b26\u53f7\u4ed8\u304d32\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u6574\u6570Float\u7b26\u53f7\u4ed8\u304d\u500d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5024StringUTF-8\u6587\u5b57\u30b7\u30fc\u30b1\u30f3\u30b9Booleantrue\u307e\u305f\u306ffalseID\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u5024\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c, \u518d\u53d6\u5f97\u6642\u7b49\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>scalar Date\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5217\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u503c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>enum Episode {\r\n  NEWHOPE\r\n  EMPIRE\r\n  JEDI\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aEpisode\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u660e\u4e86NEWHOPE\u3001EMPIRE\u548cJEDI\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684GraphQL\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\uff08Enum\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cfJavaScript\u8fd9\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aGraphQL\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u5217\u8868\u548c\u975e\u7a7a<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>type Character {\r\n  name: String!\r\n  appearsIn: [Episode]!\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9String\u7c7b\u578b\u6dfb\u52a0!\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query searchWord($word: String!)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"word\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u5e76\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"errors\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"message\": \"Variable \\\"$word\\\" of required type \\\"String!\\\" was not provided.\",\r\n      \"locations\": [\r\n        {\r\n          \"line\": 1,\r\n          \"column\": 18\r\n        }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5217\u8868\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528[String]\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aString\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<br \/>\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0c!\u548c[]\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>fieldName: [String!]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe, \u5217\u8868\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fnull, \u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728null\u5143\u7d20.<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">field\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u6709\u7121null\u7121[]\u7121[&#8220;a&#8221;, &#8220;b&#8221;]\u7121[&#8220;a&#8221;, null, &#8220;b&#8221;]\u6709<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u975enull\u975e\u53ef\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>fieldName: [String]!\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">field\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u6709\u7121null\u6709[]\u7121[&#8220;a&#8221;, &#8220;b&#8221;]\u7121[&#8220;a&#8221;, null, &#8220;b&#8221;]\u7121<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u754c\u9762<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\uff0cGraphQL\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662fCharacter\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>interface Character {\r\n  id: ID!\r\n  name: String!\r\n  friends: [Character]\r\n  appearsIn: [Episode]!\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0Character\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>type Human implements Character {\r\n  id: ID!\r\n  name: String!\r\n  friends: [Character]\r\n  appearsIn: [Episode]!\r\n  starships: [Starship]\r\n  totalCredits: Int\r\n}\r\n\r\ntype Droid implements Character {\r\n  id: ID!\r\n  name: String!\r\n  friends: [Character]\r\n  appearsIn: [Episode]!\r\n  primaryFunction: String\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86Character\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982totalCredits\u3001starships\u548cprimaryFunction\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u53e3\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query HeroForEpisode($ep: Episode!) {\r\n  hero(episode: $ep) {\r\n    name\r\n    primaryFunction\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"ep\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"errors\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"message\": \"Cannot query field \\\"primaryFunction\\\" on type \\\"Character\\\". Did you mean to use an inline fragment on \\\"Droid\\\"?\",\r\n      \"locations\": [\r\n        {\r\n          \"line\": 4,\r\n          \"column\": 5\r\n        }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8eprimaryFunction\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ea\u5728Droid\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u7247\u6bb5<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u8054\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6Droid\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>query HeroForEpisode($ep: Episode!) {\r\n  hero(episode: $ep) {\r\n    name\r\n    ... on Droid {\r\n      primaryFunction\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"primaryFunction\": \"Astromech\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u5185\u8054\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5171\u7528\u4f53\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5171\u7528\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>union SearchResult = Human | Droid | Starship\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4eba\u7c7b\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u661f\u9645\u98de\u8239\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u7528\u4f53\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5171\u7528\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684SearchResult\u5171\u7528\u4f53\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u5316\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  search(text: \"an\") {\r\n    ... on Human {\r\n      name\r\n      height\r\n    }\r\n    ... on Droid {\r\n      name\r\n      primaryFunction\r\n    }\r\n    ... on Starship {\r\n      name\r\n      length\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"search\": [\r\n      {\r\n        \"name\": \"Han Solo\",\r\n        \"height\": 1.8\r\n      },\r\n      {\r\n        \"name\": \"Leia Organa\",\r\n        \"height\": 1.5\r\n      },\r\n      {\r\n        \"name\": \"TIE Advanced x1\",\r\n        \"length\": 9.2\r\n      }\r\n    ]\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982enum\u548cstring\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728mutations\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0etype\u7c7b\u578b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8981\u7528input\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>input ReviewInput {\r\n  stars: Int!\r\n  commentary: String\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>mutation CreateReviewForEpisode($ep: Episode!, $review: ReviewInput!) {\r\n  createReview(episode: $ep, review: $review) {\r\n    stars\r\n    commentary\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"ep\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"JEDI\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nl\">\"review\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"nl\">\"stars\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"nl\">\"commentary\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"This is a great movie!\"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"createReview\": {\r\n      \"stars\": 5,\r\n      \"commentary\": \"This is a great movie!\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728input\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9ainput\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<br \/>\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0cinput\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd8\u5728\u4e2d\u9014<\/p>\n<h1>\u6267\u884c<\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230\u8fbe\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u53cd\u7701<\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n<h1>\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528<\/h1>\n<p>GraphQL\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53ea\u5199\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e (\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6dfb\u52a0) (\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8349\u7a3f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u52a8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53ea\u5199\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e (\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6dfb\u52a0) (\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8349\u7a3f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u52a8 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - Silicon Cloud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-03T08:48:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-29T03:24:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u97f5, \u79d1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u97f5, \u79d1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/\",\"name\":\"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f - Blog - Silicon Cloud\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-03T08:48:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-29T03:24:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6530331a63adef3b3443a1fab53a0e6e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Blog - Silicon Cloud\",\"description\":\"\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6530331a63adef3b3443a1fab53a0e6e\",\"name\":\"\u97f5, \u79d1\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/429ccb39b3fff5188bc17986222cfb0936cbadb8cc933cff04ab5ca01bd30a08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/429ccb39b3fff5188bc17986222cfb0936cbadb8cc933cff04ab5ca01bd30a08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u97f5, \u79d1\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/author\/yunke\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/#local-main-organization-logo\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"caption\":\"Blog - Silicon Cloud\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f - Blog - Silicon Cloud","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f","og_description":"\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53ea\u5199\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e (\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6dfb\u52a0) (\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8349\u7a3f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u52a8 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\/","og_site_name":"Blog - Silicon Cloud","article_published_time":"2023-03-03T08:48:10+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-04-29T03:24:09+00:00","author":"\u97f5, \u79d1","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"\u97f5, \u79d1","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"3 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/","url":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/","name":"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f - Blog - Silicon Cloud","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-03-03T08:48:10+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-29T03:24:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6530331a63adef3b3443a1fab53a0e6e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/","name":"Blog - Silicon Cloud","description":"","inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6530331a63adef3b3443a1fab53a0e6e","name":"\u97f5, \u79d1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/429ccb39b3fff5188bc17986222cfb0936cbadb8cc933cff04ab5ca01bd30a08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/429ccb39b3fff5188bc17986222cfb0936cbadb8cc933cff04ab5ca01bd30a08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\u97f5, \u79d1"},"url":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/author\/yunke\/"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/#local-main-organization-logo","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"Blog - Silicon Cloud"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47574"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84981,"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47574\/revisions\/84981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}