{"id":47563,"date":"2023-04-27T08:46:43","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T22:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql-ruby-%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T01:31:16","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T17:31:16","slug":"graphql-ruby-%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql-ruby-%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL Ruby \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u6559\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f<\/h1>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u7684graphql-ruby\uff08\u7248\u672c\uff1a1.8.x\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eRuby\u7684\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684DSL\u3002\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5c06\u5728graphql-ruby 2.0\u4e2d\u5f03\u7528\u4f7f\u7528DSL\u8fdb\u884c.define-style\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u6587\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c@gfx\u5148\u751f\u7684&#8221;GraphQL&#8221;\u5165\u95e8\u4e0e\u6df1\u5165\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u4e0eREST\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5230API\u548c\u524d\u7aef\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u975e\u5e38\u5168\u9762\u548c\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u6240\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86GraphQL\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7aefAPI\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6765\u611f\u89c9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0bGraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7bc7\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u8fdb\u9636\u7bc7\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5199\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>GraphQL\u5f88\u68d2\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fGraphQL?<\/h1>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u516c\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684API\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<br \/>\n\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">https:\/\/qiita.com\/icoxfog417\/items\/92214aed64f47dfeade5<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">http:\/\/blog.bitjourney.com\/entry\/2017\/08\/19\/161308<\/ul>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\uff0cGraphQL\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236REST\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86API\u548c\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u3002\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528POST\u8fdb\u884c\uff08\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86GET\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u5bf9API\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u610f\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4ec5\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528API\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u524d\u7aef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u9875\u9762\u5bfc\u822a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u540e\u7aef\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1API\u3002<\/p>\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u5e0c\u671b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u540e\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>GraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h1>\n<p>GraphQL\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u5728awesome-graphql\u4e0a\u6709GraphQL\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Graphql Ruby<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">GraphQL.js<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">Graphcool<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">AWS AppSync(Public Preview)<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002Graphql Ruby\u548cGraphQL.js\u662f\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u800cGraphcool\u548cAppSync\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0API\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002Graphcool\u6700\u8fd1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u706b\u70ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0eRails\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684GraphQL Ruby\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7f16\u5199GraphQL\u3002<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u91ca\uff09GraphQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6f14\u793a\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6837\u4f8b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<br \/>\n\u6837\u4f8b\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc -&gt; https:\/\/github.com\/sukechannnn\/graphql-ruby-demo\/<br \/>\n\u6211\u5728plain-rails\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0GraphQL\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u4e00\u8d77\u5b9e\u73b0GraphQL API\uff01\uff08\u8bf7\u4e8b\u5148\u8fd0\u884cbin\/setup\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u5b89\u88c5<\/h2>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5GraphQLGem\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"n\">gem<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'graphql'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'1.7.7'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"gp\">$<\/span> bundle <span class=\"nb\">install<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u4f60\u597d\u4e16\u754c\uff01<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u521b\u5efagraphql-ruby\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"gp\">$<\/span> rails g graphql:install\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>app\/graphql\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 graphql_ruby_demo_schema.rb\r\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 mutations\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 types\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 mutation_type.rb\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 query_type.rb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aGraphiQL\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u786e\u8ba4GraphQL API\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u7684Rails\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>  <span class=\"n\">gem<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'graphiql-rails'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"gp\">$<\/span> bundle <span class=\"nb\">install<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0graphiql\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"no\">Rails<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">env<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">development?<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">mount<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphiQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Rails<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Engine<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">at: <\/span><span class=\"s1\">'\/graphiql'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">graphql_path: <\/span><span class=\"s1\">'\/graphql'<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21`rails s`\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/localhost:3000\/graphiql\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u663e\u793agraphiql\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u914d\u7f6e\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u7740\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">testField<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u201cHello World\uff01\u201d\u7684\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<h1>\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u548c\u8ba2\u9605<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\uff08Query\uff09\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\uff08Mutation\uff09\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\uff08Subscription\uff09\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8be2\u95ee<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7a81\u53d8<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8ba2\u9605 yu\u00e8)<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406WebSocket\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6682\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u7531seed_fu\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e(db\/fixtures\/sample_data.rb)\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3agraphql-ruby\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rails g graphql:object User id:ID! name:String! email:String!\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728app\/graphql\/types\/user_type.rb\u4e2d\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\uff0c\u7a0d\u4f5c\u683c\u5f0f\u8c03\u6574\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UserType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'User'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">ID<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:email<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL::ObjectType\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49Types::UserType\u3002ObjectType\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>name\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>field\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728graphql-ruby\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5b9a\u4e49field\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49UserType\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176\u4e0eQuery\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u5176\u4e0eQuery\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684Types::QueryType\u5185\u90e8\u7f16\u5199field\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">QueryType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'Query'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UserType<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">resolve<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">_obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">_args<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_user<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aresolve\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728graphql-ruby\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7f16\u5199field\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5c5e\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4f7f\u7528resolve\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9`resolve`\u7684lambda\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a`obj`\u3001`args`\u548c`ctx`\u3002<\/p>\n<p>obj \u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070UserType\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070user\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n<p>QueryType\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/p>\n<p>args \u306ffield\u306b\u6e21\u3059\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u3059<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u89e6\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/p>\n<p>ctx \u306f\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306a\u3069\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6e21\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cctx\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u5e26\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u9012current_user\u662f\u60ef\u7528\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2actx\u662f\u7531graphql-ruby\u751f\u6210\u7684GraphqlController\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u6b21\u793a\u4f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528User.last\u4f5c\u4e3acurrent_user\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nc\">GraphqlController<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"no\">ApplicationController<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">execute<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">variables<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ensure_hash<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:variables<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">query<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:query<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">operation_name<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:operationName<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">context<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"ss\">current_user: <\/span><span class=\"no\">User<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">last<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># \u3053\u3053\u3067current_user\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">result<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphqlRubyDemoSchema<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">execute<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">query<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">variables: <\/span><span class=\"n\">variables<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">context: <\/span><span class=\"n\">context<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">operation_name: <\/span><span class=\"n\">operation_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">render<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">json: <\/span><span class=\"n\">result<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"o\">...<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u8bf7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u60a8\u901a\u8fc7seed\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">user<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">name<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">email<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728graphql-ruby\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684DSL\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49API\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u719f\u6089\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u3002 \uff08\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684PR\u5c06\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u5728\u7248\u672c1.8\u4e2d\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9DSL\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\uff0c\u8bf7\u7a0d\u7b49\u7247\u523b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u786e\u4fdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rails g graphql:object Address id:ID! postal_code:Int! address:String!\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528ActiveRecord\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u4e2d\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002 \u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UserType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'User'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">ID<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:email<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressType<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># \u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u4e86\u3002\u8bf7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4eceGraphiQL\u53d1\u9001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">user<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">name<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">email<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">postal_code<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u5740\u548c\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u56de\u590d\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u57fa\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8fde\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5e03\u63a8\u6587\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7528\u6237\uff08User\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u63a8\u6587\uff08Post\uff09\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u201c\u63a8\u6587\u7c7b\u578b\uff08PostType\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rails g graphql:object Post id:ID! subject:String!\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8eUserType\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2aPostType\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\uff08connection\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UserType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'User'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">ID<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:email<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressType<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">connection<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:posts<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">PostType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">connection_type<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># \u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u6279\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u5e16\u5b50\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528GraphiQL\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">user<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">name<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">email<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">posts<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">edges<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">node<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230&#8221;Post&#8221;\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Resolver\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c&#8221;order_by&#8221;\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Connection\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5206\u9875\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5173\u4e8eConnection\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8be6\u7ec6\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/facebook.github.io\/relay\/graphql\/connections.htm<\/p>\n<h1>\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ffd\u52a0\u8bf4\u660e<\/h1>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed3\u4fc3\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u7b80\u8981\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5f62\u72b6<\/h2>\n<p>GraphQL\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Int: A signed 32\u2010bit integer<\/p>\n<p>Float: A signed double-precision floating-point value<\/p>\n<p>String: A UTF\u20108 character sequence<\/p>\n<p>Boolean: true or false<\/p>\n<p>ID: \u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3067\u3001Cache\u3084Connection\u306a\u3069Relay\u7531\u6765\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49ScalarType\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201cRelay\u201d\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u7ee7\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>Relay\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Facebook\u5f00\u53d1\u7684GraphQL\u7684Flux\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5730\u53d1\u6325React\u548cGraphQL\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5f3a\u5927\u7684GC\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u662fFlux\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0eRedux\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7ed3\u5408Redux&amp;React\u548cGraphQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528Apollo\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Relay\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9GraphQL\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165GraphQL\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662fConnectionType\uff08\u5206\u9875\u673a\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3aGraphQL\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u578b\u53f7\u9472\u5d4c\uff01\u6a19\u8a18<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b57\u6bb5 :name, !types.String \u7684\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u53ef\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u975e\u7a7a\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u7a81\u53d8<\/h1>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49Mutation\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u662fRelay\u6765\u6e90\u7684Mutation\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u7684Mutation\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53d8\u5f02\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u5f02<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u6539\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7a81\u53d8\uff08Mutation\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rails g graphql:mutation UpdateAddressMutation\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u5199\u7740\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49input_field\u3001return_field\u548cresolve\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efaMutation\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8be5\u8f93\u5165\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u53d8\u66f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>return_field\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcf\u4e2afield\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5728Query\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Types::AddressType\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728resolve\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u65b0\u903b\u8f91\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Mutations<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UpdateAddressMutation<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Relay<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Mutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'UpdateAddress'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">input_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:postal_code<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">Int<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">input_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">return_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressType<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">resolve<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">_obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">begin<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_user<\/span><span class=\"p\">].<\/span><span class=\"nf\">address<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">postal_code<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">postal_code<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">address<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">address<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">save<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">rescue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ExecutionError<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">message<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">address: <\/span><span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>{ address: address }\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL::ExecutionError\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u5427\u3002\u8bf7\u5728GraphiQL\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\u8bd5\u4e00\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">updateAddressMutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">input<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">postal_code<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1638001<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"\u6771\u4eac\u90fd\u65b0\u5bbf\u533a\u897f\u65b0\u5bbf\uff12\u4e01\u76ee\uff18\u2212\uff11\"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">})<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">postal_code<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u521b\u5efa\u5e16\u5b50\u7a81\u53d8\uff08Mutations::CreatePostMutation\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5148\u524d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u67e5\u8be2(Query)\u7684&#8221;PostType&#8221;\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7a3f\u3002\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u66f4(Mutation)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rails g graphql:mutation CreatePostMutation\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6211\u4f1a\u50cf\u5148\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u9010\u6b65\u586b\u5199\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230Post\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Mutations<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">CreatePostMutation<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Relay<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Mutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'CreatePost'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">input_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:subject<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">return_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:post<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">PostType<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">resolve<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">_obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">begin<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_user<\/span><span class=\"p\">].<\/span><span class=\"nf\">posts<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">build<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">post<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">subject<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">subject<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">post<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">save<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">rescue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ExecutionError<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">message<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">post: <\/span><span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4eceGraphiQL\u53d1\u5e03\uff01<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">createPostMutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">input<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"n\">subject<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"\u826f\u3044\u611f\u3058\uff01\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">})<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u8ba4\u5e16\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">user<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">name<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">email<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">posts<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">edges<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">node<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u7a81\u53d8\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5e16\u5b50\u53d8\u5f02<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u6295\u7a3f\u5427\uff01\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aUpdatePostMutation\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rails g graphql:mutation UpdatePostMutation\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728input_field\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0id\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Mutations<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UpdatePostMutation<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Relay<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Mutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'UpdatePost'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">input_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">ID<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">input_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:subject<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">return_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:post<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">PostType<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">resolve<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">_obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">begin<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_user<\/span><span class=\"p\">].<\/span><span class=\"nf\">posts<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">find<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">post<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">subject<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">subject<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">post<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">save<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">rescue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ExecutionError<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">message<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">post: <\/span><span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728Types::MutationType\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\uff01<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">updatePostMutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">input<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"n\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"{\u5148\u7a0b\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305fpost\u306eid}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"\u3081\u3063\u3061\u3083\u826f\u3044\u611f\u3058\uff01\uff01\uff01\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">})<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>Mutation\u7684\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3ainput_field\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5199\u5728Mutation\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u968f\u7740\u540e\u7eed\u89e3\u91ca\u7684description\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u7684Create\u6216Update\u4e2d\uff0cinput_field\u7ecf\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u7528\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528InputType\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u7740\u5b9a\u4e49UpdateAddressMutation\u7684InputType\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6app\/graphql\/types\/address_input_type.rb\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressInputType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">InputObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'AddressInput'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:postal_code<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">Int<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">argument<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u66f4\u6539UpdateAddressMutation\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Mutations<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UpdateAddressMutation<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Relay<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">Mutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'UpdateAddress'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">input_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:addressInput<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressInputType<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># input_field\u306bTypes::AddressInputType\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">return_field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressType<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">resolve<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">_obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">address_input<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">inputs<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">addressInput<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># input_field\u306e\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6df1\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001addressInput\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">begin<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_user<\/span><span class=\"p\">].<\/span><span class=\"nf\">address<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">postal_code<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">address_input<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">postal_code<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">address<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">address_input<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">address<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">save<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">rescue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ExecutionError<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">message<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">address: <\/span><span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001UpdateAddressMutation\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">mutation<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">updateAddressMutation<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">input<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"n\">addressInput<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"n\">postal_code<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1638001<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">\"\u6771\u4eac\u90fd\u65b0\u5bbf\u533a\u897f\u65b0\u5bbf\uff12\u4e01\u76ee\uff18\u2212\uff11\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">}})<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">address<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">id<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">postal_code<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">address<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h1>GraphQL\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h1>\n<h2>\u8bf7\u6c42\u89c4\u8303<\/h2>\n<p>\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u786e\u8ba4GraphQL\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u89c4\u8303(request spec)\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0egraphiql\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728spec\/requests\/graphql\/query\/user_spec.rb\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nb\">require<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'rails_helper'<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"no\">RSpec<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">describe<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'user query'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">type: :request<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"n\">post<\/span> <span class=\"n\">graphql_path<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">params: <\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">query: <\/span><span class=\"n\">query<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">let!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"no\">FactoryBot<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">create<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">let<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:query<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"o\">&lt;&lt;~<\/span><span class=\"no\">QUERY<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\r\n      {\r\n        user {\r\n          id\r\n          email\r\n          name\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n<\/span><span class=\"no\">    QUERY<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">it<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'response body is User data'<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">subject<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">json<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">JSON<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">parse<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">response<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">body<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">symbolize_names: <\/span><span class=\"kp\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">expect<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">json<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:data<\/span><span class=\"p\">][<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">][<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">]).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to<\/span> <span class=\"n\">eq<\/span> <span class=\"n\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">id<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">expect<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">json<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:data<\/span><span class=\"p\">][<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">][<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:email<\/span><span class=\"p\">]).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to<\/span> <span class=\"n\">eq<\/span> <span class=\"n\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">email<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">expect<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">json<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:data<\/span><span class=\"p\">][<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">][<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:name<\/span><span class=\"p\">]).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to<\/span> <span class=\"n\">eq<\/span> <span class=\"n\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">name<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u8ba4\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u9884\u671f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u884c\u4e3a\u7acb\u5373\u53d8\u5f97\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7f16\u5199\u5bf9Mutation\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8bf7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u68c0\u67e5graphql-ruby\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728graphql-ruby\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u6765\u673a\u68b0\u8f93\u51faschema.graphql\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5schema.graphql\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4f5c\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u8ddf\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6587\u6863\u8131\u8282\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u8ddf\u8fdb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528CI\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684schema\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6a21\u5f0f.graphql<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\u662f schema.graphql\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49 Query \u6216 Mutation \u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u7740\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 QueryType \u548c UserType \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">QueryType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'Query'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:user<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UserType<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">description<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'You can access current_user'<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># description \u3092\u8ffd\u52a0<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">resolve<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">_obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">_args<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"n\">ctx<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_user<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">UserType<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">ObjectType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">define<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"nb\">name<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'User'<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:id<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">ID<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a ID'<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:name<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'\u540d\u524d'<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:email<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"n\">types<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"no\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'e-mail \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9'<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">field<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:address<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">AddressType<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'\u4f4f\u6240'<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">connection<\/span> <span class=\"ss\">:posts<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">!<\/span><span class=\"no\">Types<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">PostType<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">connection_type<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'\u6295\u7a3f\u4e00\u89a7'<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5757\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u751f\u6210schema.graphql\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728Rakefile\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528graphql-ruby\u7684rake\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nb\">require_relative<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'config\/application'<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nb\">require<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'graphql\/rake_task'<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># \u8ffd\u8a18<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"no\">Rails<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">application<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">load_tasks<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"no\">GraphQL<\/span><span class=\"o\">::<\/span><span class=\"no\">RakeTask<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">schema_name: <\/span><span class=\"s1\">'GraphqlRubyDemoSchema'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># \u8ffd\u8a18<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">...<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5dump\u51faschema.graphql\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884crake task\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code>$ rake graphql:schema:dump\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3aschema.graphql\u548cschema.json\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8f6c\u50a8\u4e86\u3002schema.json\u5305\u542b\u4e86schema\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u7528json\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u8986\u76d6(graphiql\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u786e\u5b9a)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u67e5\u770b&#8221;schema.graphql&#8221;\u4e2d\u7684&#8221;Query&#8221;\u548c&#8221;User&#8221;\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684&#8221;description&#8221;\u88ab\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5c06\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u673a\u68b0\u5730\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8ejson schema\u548cswagger\u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528schema.graphql\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u4eff\u771f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u673a\u68b0\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684schema\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4ece\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6700\u65b0schema\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u6210\u7684schema\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u51faschema\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u61d2\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230spec\/requests\/graphql\/graphql_ruby_demo_schema_spec.rb\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nb\">require<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'rails_helper'<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"no\">RSpec<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">describe<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'GraphqlRubyDemoSchema'<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">let<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:current_definition<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"no\">GraphqlRubyDemoSchema<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to_definition<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">let<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"ss\">:printout_definition<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"no\">File<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">read<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"no\">Rails<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">root<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">join<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'schema.graphql'<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"n\">it<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'equals dumped schema, `rake graphql:schema:dump` please!'<\/span> <span class=\"k\">do<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">expect<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">current_definition<\/span><span class=\"p\">).<\/span><span class=\"nf\">to<\/span> <span class=\"n\">eq<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">printout_definition<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u60a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u662f\u60a8\u6240\u6253\u7b97\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\uff01<\/p>\n<h1>\u6700\u7ec8<\/h1>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8eGraphQL\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u9605\u8bfb\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6240\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5199\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7406\u89e3\u6982\u8981\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u80fd\u603b\u89c8\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u539f\u6587\u7684\u518d\u8ff0\uff1a<br \/>\nGraphQL-Ruby\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5c1a\u672a\u786e\u7acb\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\u5b83\uff01<\/p>\n<h1>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h1>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">http:\/\/graphql.org\/learn\/<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">http:\/\/graphql-ruby.org\/<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">https:\/\/blog.qnyp.com\/2017\/06\/08\/graphql-resources\/<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f \u76ee\u524d\u7684graphql-ruby\uff08\u7248\u672c\uff1a1.8.x\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eRuby\u7684\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684D [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GraphQL Ruby \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u6559\u7a0b - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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